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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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S. Fujiwara
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
i-ii
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Tadashi TAKAHASHI, Hitoshi KANNO, Natsuki TSUJIMURA, Masami NANZYO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
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The extraction of aluminum by a 1_M potassium chloride solution (KCl-Al) has been adopted as a standard method for determining the salt exchangeable forms of Al from acid soils. It is generally assumed that the extracted Al ions are mainly derived from those on the soil's permanent negative charges. However, it was recently confirmed that the Al solubility of non-allophanic Andosols is largely controlled by the Al-humus complexes. We compared the KCl-Al values and the amounts of permanent negative charges of A horizon soils, and examined the relationships between the KCl-Al values and soil pH values or the amounts of organically-complexed Al. Ten of 14 soil samples used for the laboratory determination showed higher KCl-Al values than the amounts of permanent negative charges (negative charges in 1m_M KCl, pH=5), indicating that the KCl-Al values also included a part of the organically-complexed Al besides Al ions on the permanent negative charges. The dataset consisting of previously reported and newly obtained data (105A horizon samples) showed that the KCl-Al values were highly correlated with the pH(KCl) values (r=-0.80, P<0.01), and were also dependent on the pyrophosphate-extractable Al concentration (r=0.22, P<0.05), suggesting that the KCl-Al values were affected by the amounts of organically complexed Al and very dependent on the pH during the extraction by KCl solution. Thus, the KCl-Al value of the Andosols is considered not to be easily exchangeable Al, but to be equilibrated Al in the KCl solution.
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Toshimitsu HONMA, Hirotomo OHBA, Takuji OHYAMA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
7-14
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This study was conducted to estimate the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in soybean seeds in different upland fields converted from paddy fields using Cd concentration in soil extracted with 0.1M HCl, soil pH, phosphate absorption coefficient and history of field conversion. A summary was follows. (1) The concentration of Cd in soybean seeds grown in the converted upland field from paddy field at the second year or longer period was significantly lower than that of seeds in the first year after conversion. This reason was the increase of soil pH due to the application of liming material. (2) The Cd concentration in soil extracted with 0.01M HCl was correlated with the Cd concentration of soybean seeds. The extraction efficiency of Cd with this solution was decreased as rising of the phosphate absorption coefficient, which is a major indicator of Cd absorption in soil. (3) The exchangeable Cd concentration extracted with 0.05M Ca(NO_3)_2 had a high correlation to the Cd concentration of soybean seeds in low phosphate absorption coefficient soil, because the Cd was adsorbed with the different surface functional group in soil and main adsorbents of Cd was the negative charge of siloxane surface in 2:1 type clay mineral. (4) In upland fields which were in the first year converted from paddy field and less than 1,100 of the phosphate absorption coefficient, the estimation of Cd concentration of soybean seeds using the soil Cd concentration extracted with 0.1M HCl and soil pH was practical used. The Cd concentration of soybean seeds in other soils was lower than that of above descript soils significantly. (5) Thus, it had been possible to estimate concentration of Cd in soybean seeds at the less than 5% level of significance using above data, to set the target of improvement of soil pH suitable for different soil Cd level and to make the Cd risk map for soybean.
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Yusuke TAKATA, Hiroshi OBARA, Makoto NAKAI, Kazunori KOHYAMA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
15-24
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Since statistical soil information is a powerful tool for landscape planning and agro-environmental policy making, analysis of spatio-temporal variation in cultivated soil area is a keystone for spatial database analysis. Because the monitoring system was under development, the process of deceasing cultivated soil area associated with land use change remained unclear in Japan. The objective of this study was to assess the process of the decline in the cultivated soil-resources with expanding urbanization and other land use changes in Japan. Cultivated soil area in 1973 was calculated using the data of Fundamental Soil Survey for Soil Fertility Conservation (soil series area) and agricultural census data in 1973 at the municipality level. The digital mapping of the cultivated soil distribution related 2001 agricultural census data was based on GIS-overlay techniques with digital soil maps of Japanese croplands in 1992, land use maps (related to 2001 agricultural census data) and topographic maps. Urban sprawl and other changes in land use (including abandonment of cultivation) had caused a loss of agricultural land area by 922,700 hectares from 1973 to 2001. Mainly, Gray Lowlands soils (GL: Fluvisols), Gley soils (G: Fluvisols), and Andosols had declined during the period. It is clear that urbanization was advanced at flat lowland area (paddy fields) where distributed "GL" and "G". Additionally, declines in the Andosols with expanding urbanization were observed widely over the flat upland fields in Kanto and Touzan district. On the contrary, upland fields sited at steep slope in Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku districts where distributed Brown Forest Soils (Cambisols) were largely turned into abandoned fields.
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Kenichi INOUE, Kenichirou HASHIGUCHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
25-30
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Effects of planting density in spring-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivar Ni17 were investigated to establish the cultivation technique for improving the growth and yields in Amami region from 2009 to 2010. The examined planting densities were standard (the control: 2.78 plants m^<-2>, and hill distance was 30cm) and high (the dense planting: 5.56 plants m^<-2>, and hill distance was 15cm). 1) The maximum crop growth rate in the control and in the dense planting were 26.6gm^<-2>day^<-1> and 35.4gm^<-2>day^<-1>, respectively, and these results were obtained in August. The high crop growth rate (CGR) under the dense planting condition was mainly due to the increasing leaf area index (LAI). From these results, the cane yield in the dense planting was significantly higher than in the control. 2) The cane yield was mainly determined by the number of millable stalks per unit land area. The number of tillers was large in the dense planting condition, however, the dense condition didn't have the millable stalk weight decreased. We consider that this was due to the increase of leaf area per productive tillers in the stage when the sugarcane grew most. 3) These results suggest that the dense planting condition is effective to increase the yield in spring-planted sugarcane 'Ni17' culture. However, the productivity of millable stalks by dense planting resulted in approximately 30% decrease of bud number at planting. In conclusion, a planting density of 20cm between hills that is suitable for machine harvesting is thought to be the most appropriate for obtaining a high yield in sugarcane 'Ni17'.
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Hiroyuki KAMIOKA, Kunihiko KAMEWADA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
31-40
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Anaerobically digested cattle slurry made mainly from the liquid portion of cattle's dung urine was examined for the effect on the growth and yield of paddy rice (Oryza sativa) Koshihikari. The rice plant was cultivated using the digested slurry as basal application,whose ammonium nitrogen accounted for 67% of total nitrogen, and ordinary chemical fertilizer as supplemental application. In small scale field experiments, carried out in the area of 10m^2, the application of the slurry which was equivalent to chemical fertilizer on amount of ammonium nitrogen basis followed by immediate plowing resulted in growth and yield similar to those under standard cultivation. This result indicated that the organic nitrogen which accounted for the rest of total nitrogen had slight effect on the growth of the plant. Two types of application methods, application before flooding and the inflow application, were carried out. In the former method, the application of two days before flooding led to growth and yield similar to those in small scale field experiments as described above. In contrast, the application of nine days before flooding resulted in 40% nitrogen uptake by the plant originated from the liquid. For the latter method, the plowing of three days after inflow application produced corresponding values of 48%. A possible explanation of the extreme decrease in efficiency of nitrogen is that aerobic condition may have caused prompt nitrification followed by denitrification. Ammonium nitrogen was potentially dissipated by volatilization because the pH of the slurry was 8.4. Whether or not the pH was adjusted, the growth and yield, however, were approximately the same in both the plots, indicating that the loss of ammonium nitrogen by volatilization would be negligible.
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Kazuaki KUDO, Kayo YOSHIZUMI, Kazuki TOGAMI, Kazuhiko AOKI, Kenzo MIUR ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
41-44
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Shinichi FUJITOMI, Kazuhiro KADOSHIGE
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
45-51
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Hideaki HIRAI, Ryosuke SHINOZAKI, Koichi HOSHINO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
52-57
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Shuji SANO, Tomoji UCHIYAMA, Masahiro HIGASHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
58-60
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Minoru MATSUYAMA, Akihiro USHIO, Takeo KUWANA, Fujiyoshi SHIBAHARA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
61-64
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Nobuyuki UOZUMI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
65-69
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Naoko YOSHIMOTO, Hideki TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
70-75
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Keiichi MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
76-81
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Kazuyuki INUBUSHI, Xiaoyu SUN
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
82-
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Ho ANDO, Kazuyuki INUBUSHI, Takashi KOSAKI, Masami NANZYO, Ryusuke HAT ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
83-84
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Kei ASADA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
85-86
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Shuji SANO, Tomoji UCHIYAMA, Toshimitsu HONMA, Fujiyoshi SHIBAHARA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
87-88
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Article type: Bibliography
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
89-91
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
93-96
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages
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