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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: December 05, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Katsuyuki ARIHARA, Haruo WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
623-629
Published: December 05, 1993
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To establish a method of management to the plow sole pan when we use the irrigated paddy rice and upland crop rotation, 280 different paddy field spots in Chiba prefecture were classified into the following three different classes of plow sole pans with a corn penetrometer. Class 1 : A case where it is difficult to penetrate hard pan with a corn penetrometer, and the hard pan indicated corn index over 25 kgf cm^<-2> exists less than 60 cm in depth. Class 2 : A case where the soil horizon indicates corn index obviously higher than both its just under and above pans. Class 3 : A case where clear plow sole pan cannot be found. The following is the summary of the result on the relation between the classified plow sole pan and the soil classification decided by the soil texture and the location of the gley horizon. 1) The average of the length of the paddy rice roots growing up to 33.7 cm in detph, the hard index indicates 18.3 mm ; it corresponds to 11.7 kgf cm^<-2> corn index. 2) About 93% of spots in the class 1 and 66% in the class 2, the plow sole pan with 11.7 kgf cm^<-2> corn index is found less than 30 cm in depth. 3) The depth of the plow layer in Chiba prefecture. 4) In the spots of the class 1 and 2, there is no relation between the depth of gley horizon and the location of the plow sole pan ; however, there was relation in the sandy paddy soil ; therefore, the classification is in much relation to the soil texture. So the class 1 corresponds to the fragipan. 5) The class 2 was frequently found in both heavy and clayey grey lowland soil ; we think that the class 2 made of condensed and hardened clay corresponds to the claypan. 6) The class 3 was frequently found in the gley paddy soil which is clayey, in which the gley horizon appears to be shallow in depth. 7) Even in the spot which is Fine-textured Strong-gley soils and classified in the class 3, the advance of the dryness of the soil makes clay hardened, and shifts the class 3 into the class 2.
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Junko FUJIMOTO, Mitsuo FURUYAMA, Tadaaki YAMANE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
630-633
Published: December 05, 1993
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The purpose of this experiment was to establish the methods of diagnosis and protection of foliar necrosis caused by magnesium deficiency in melon 'Ams.' 1) Leaves on the nodes from the 16th to the 18th seem to be suitable as samples for diagnosis since they are sensitive to magnesium deficiency and their removal of them is little harmful for fruit growth. 2) The foliar necrosis appeared when magnesium content in leaves decreases to a level of about 2 g kg^<-1>. 3) For the diagnosis of magnesium, sampling of one of the 16th to 18th leaves is recommended 1 to 2 weeks after the anthesis at fruiting position. When the magnesium content in the leaf is found to be lower than 4g kg^<-1>, the necrosis will surely appear afterward even if any deficiency symptom is not observed at that time. However, if foliar spray of the magnesium solution (20g L^<-1> MgSO_4・7H_2O) is applied at the diagnosis time, the necrosis injury by magnesium deficiency will never appear.
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Kenichirou IKEDA, Yoshio NONOYAMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
634-641
Published: December 05, 1993
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Mother, daughter and secondary corms are formed one by one in the course of taro growth, usually having an infant bud on the top of each corm. So-called "Metsubure" corms are formed with the top of the corm smooth or concave. It is confirmed that "Metsubure"symptom is a physiological disorder caused mainly by calcium deficiency. However, the effective fertilization technique for field culturing is not yet established. The authors therefore investigated the course of "Metsubure" corm formation and the method of liming material application in order to find out its technique. The results obtained were as follows. 1) "Metsubure" corms were first found about the beginning of July when secondary corms began to be formed. The number of "Metsubure" corms was remarkable increased from the middle of August when the growth of secondary corms developed. This number was more than 95% of total "Metsubure" corms at the harvesting age in 1982. 2) Calcium content in "Metsubure" corms tended to be lower than that in normal corms. Conversely, potassium content in "Metsubure" contended to be higher. 3) The least "Metsubure" corms were obtained by the heavy application of calcium. The number of "Metsubure" was significantly increased by the heavy application of compost. But both a serious decrease in "Metsubure" corms and a gradual increase in yield were obtained without potassium application or with the heavy application of calcium fertilizer. 4) It was considered that more exchangeable Ca than 10 cmol(+)kg^<-1> in topsoil at taro planting was required for reducing the occurrence of "Metsubure" corms without the topdressing of liming material. 5) Both the least "Metsubure" corms and best yields were obtained by the topdressing of liming material with the full sprinkling.
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Hiroaki SUMIDA, Kazuhiko YAMAMOTO, Yasuaki MATSUZAKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
642-649
Published: December 05, 1993
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Effects of application of city refuse compost on behavior of organic compound in soils were investigated. City refuse compost was applied to soils (Light-colored Andosol and Brown Lowland soil) at the rate of 10% of soils in each plot. These were incubated for 180 days under the controlled condition, and the were fractionated according to the particle size (<0.65 μm mcf fraction, 0.65-2.0 μm ccf fraction, 2.0-20 μm sif fraction and >20 μm saf fraction). The composition of amino acids and carbohydrates contained in each particle size fraction were determined. The results were as follows : 1) Total carbon and nitrogen were concentrated in fine particle size fraction of both soils. Total nitrogen was markedly concentrated in fine particle size fraction of Light-colored Andsosol compared with Brown Lowland soil. 2) Total amino acid and carbohydrates were rich in ccf fraction of Brown Lowland soil. In the case of Light-colored Andsol was rich in mcf fraction. 3) Decomposition and changes of city refuse compost were affected by the nature of original humus substance in soils. 4) Polysaccharide was dominant in ccf fraction of Brown Lowland soil and mcf fraction of Light-colored Andosol. In the case of Brown Lowland soil, carbohydrates resistant to hydrolysis were markedly included in fine particle size fraction. 5) Contents of monosaccharides derived from microbe were included in fine particle size fractions of both soils, especially of Brown Lowland soil. 6) It is suggested that application of city refuse compost contributed to the nitrogen compound rather than of carbohydrates in soils. Organic matter derived from city refuse compost was relatively concentrated in ccf fraction of Brown Lowland soil and mcf fraction of Light-colored Andosol.
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Tomoko HIROKAWA, Sumio ITO, Yasuo KITAGAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
650-654
Published: December 05, 1993
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Recovery rate of topdressed nitrogen at panicle formation stage of rice was determined by using the ^<15>N tracer technique for gravelly gray lowland soils (Fluvisols). Effects of shading (reduction of solar radiation : 20-40%), and application of calcium silicate (200, 400 m g^<-2>) or potassium silicate (100 g m^<-2>) on the recovery rate were investigated for the 30×30 cm quadrate established in the experimental plots. Effects of percolation rate (0, 2 cm d^<-1>) was slso investigated by using wagner pots (a/5000). The results were summarized as follows : Recovery rate of fertilizer nitrogen in rice plant with shading was 10 % lower than that of the control. The recovery rate also decreased by 15-20 % with application of calcium silicate or potassium silicate. Calcium silicate and potassium silicate seemed to enhance denitrification of fertilizer. Percolation rate at the 2 cm d^<-1> increased the recovery rate by 20 %.
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Shunji INANAGA, Makoto NAGATOMO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
655-661
Published: December 05, 1993
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Peanut plants were allowed to grow in the apparatus, separating the fruit zone from the root zone, and three treatments were set as follows : the fertilizer-N was not supplied to both zones (I treatment), 1.0 g of N to the root zone (II treatment) and 0.5 g of N to the fruit zone (III treatment). After gynophore penetration, the fruit harvested on the 20th, 30th, 50th and 80th days was divided into the shell, seed coat and seed. In the NO_3-N content of the shell, the III treatment was higher through the growth stage of fruit than other treatments, while NO_3-N and NH_4-N contents of the seed coat in the I treatment was highly changed in comparison in every treatment reaching to maximum, the arginine ratio of amino-N was the highest in every part of the fruit except the shell of the III treatments in which the asparagine ratio was higher than ratios of other amino-N. The sum of total sugar content of each part was lower from the 30th to 50th day in the I treatment than in other treatments. In each part of fruit, inositol, fructose, glucose and sucrose were detected. In the seed of the II treatment the ratio of sucrose was higher than in other treatments.
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Hitoshi SEKIMTO, Akira NISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
662-668
Published: December 05, 1993
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SDF-21 is a compound fertilizer (N-P_2O_5-K_2O ; 14-2-17, 10^<-2>kg kg^<-1>) containing a plant growth retardant (uniconazole-P, 50 mg kg^<-1>). And it is applied at 28 kg ha^<-1> as N and 10 g ha^<-1> as uniconazole-P for prevention of lodging and for increasing of yield. We studied about the effect of SDF-21 on canopy structure of rice (Koshihikari, Oryza sativa L.) and the relation between the change to vertical foliage-type and the other morphological changes (culm and leaves) by SDF-21. 1) SDF-21 changed the morphological plant type of Koshihikari, from a horizontal foliage-type into vertical one. In the canopy structure applied SDF-21, the direct sunlight was able to penetrate into deeper layer. It was suggested that SDF-21 changes Koshihikari's canopy structure to the profitable one for increasing of yield potential. 2) When uniconazole-P was applied at heading stage, not to make morphological change as shortening culm and leaf sheath length, vertical leaf position was also recognized. On the other hand, vertical leaf position by uniconazole-P recovered by gibberellin (GA_3). Gibberellin made foliage-type horizontally. It showed that vertical leaf position treated with SDF-21 is caused not by the morphological change, as shortening culm and leaf sheath length, but by the effect of uniconazole-P to inhibit gibberellin biosynthesis.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
668-
Published: December 05, 1993
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Takayuki ASAI, Shinya SHIMIZU, Teruaki KOGA, Mitsuru SATO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
669-675
Published: December 05, 1993
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We examined possibility of determining total nitrogen, total carbon and crude ash concentrations in dairy cattle manures using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). 76 samples were collected from principal dairy farming areas in Nagano prefecture. 51 samples of those were selected to search for best set of wavelengths (1-8 filters from 19 filters) in calibrations and 25 samples were used for validations with each ingredient. Sellected wavelengths in most fitted regression equations were 2180 nm, 2208 nm, 2139 nm, 2270 nm and 2348 nm (5 wavelengths) for total nitrogen ; 2208 nm, 2180 nm, 1680 nm, 1778 nm, 2230 nm and 1445 nm (6 wavelengths) for total carbon ; and 1778 nm, 1818 nm, 2208 nm, 2180 nm, 1680 nm, 1982 nm, 1940 nm and 2310 nm (8 wavelengths) for crude ash, in order of largely absolute value of partial regression coefficients. In validations, correration coefficients between NIRS predicted and chemically observed values were 0.934 for total nitrogen, 0.971 for total carbon and 0.985 for crude ash. Standard deviations of prediction were 0.17 % for total nitrogen, 1.45 % for total carbon and 2.24 % for crude ash. The skews and biases were not significant (p<0.05), respectively. We conclude that NIRS is available to rapid measurements of total nitrogen, total carbon and crude ash concentrations in cattle manures.
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Hiroshi YAMASAKI, Junko FUJIMOTO, Tadakatsu YONEYAMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
676-677
Published: December 05, 1993
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Keitaro TAWARAYA, Masanori SAITO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
678-680
Published: December 05, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
680-
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Yoshihiko TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
681-684
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Teruo ISHIWATA, Nobuya KOBAYASHI, Mannosuke SAITO, Toshio SAKUMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
685-689
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Seishiro NAKASHIMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
690-698
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Kazuhiro SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
699-703
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Takayoshi KOIKE, Masaru SANADA, Seiichi OHTA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
704-710
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Toshiro NAKATSUJI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
711-714
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Shigeyuki TAJIMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
715-716
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
717-
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
717-
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
718-720
Published: December 05, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
721-
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
722-723
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
1-4
Published: December 05, 1993
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
1-4
Published: December 05, 1993
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages
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