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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Hiroki Unno, Yoshiyuki Maeda, Shinro Yamamoto, Meiji Okamoto, Hiroshi ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
715-718
Published: December 05, 2002
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Relationship between salt tolerance and Ca^2+ retention among plant species was investigated using salt tolerant maize (Zea mays) and squash (Cucurbita maxima), and salt sensitive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Ca^2+ was released extensively from root sections and intact roots of the salt sensitive plants by treatment with salt solutions. Distribution of Ca^2+ in shoot also decreased markedly in the salt sensitive plants by the treatment with the salt solutions. These results suggest that the ability of plants to retain Ca^2+ is associated with their salt tolerance.
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Jun Matsumoto, Guihua Jin, Yasuhisa Horiguchi, Koji Uchimura, Kazuhiko ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
719-724
Published: December 05, 2002
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The relationship between soil acidification and nutrient-retention capacity was examined for soils in the volcanic-ash derived tea fields located in the Oosumi Peninsula of Kagoshima Prefecture. The following results were obtained. 1) The total carbon content of soils showed a positive correlation with the cultivation length of tea fields. This is due to accumulation of organic matter as a result of the long history of application of organic residues. 2) CEC (pH 7.0) showed a positive correlation with the total carbon content; therefore, increase of CEC (pH 7.0) was ascribable to an increase of organic substances. 3) CEC (field pH) ranged from 9 to 17 mol_c kg^-1 and was equivalent to 19 to 61% of CEC (pH 7.0). 4) The difference between CEC (pH 7.0) and CEC (field pH) became larger with the extent of acidification of soils. 5) The content of water-soluble bases was higher in the more strongly acidified soil, leading to the easier leaching of bases to lower layers. 6) Reclamation of soil pH to 4.5 was indispensable to maintaining the retention capacity for ammomum. The present results suggest important practices for the long-time plant-nutrient and soil management of tea fields in the volcanic-ash soil area.
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Kazumasa Maekawa, Kazuhiko Watanabe, Takeshi Kanto, Masataka Aino, Yut ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
725-731
Published: December 05, 2002
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We examined a method of suppressing seedling blast in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by pouring potassium silicate solution into the ridging in a nursery box. The results were as follows: 1. Pouring 10 g (SiO_2 ingredient) of potassium silicate solution reagent per nursery box was effective for suppressing the symptoms of damping-off, and lesions on leaf blades caused by blast fungus. Though lesion suppression was high, when 250 g of silica gel fertilizer per nursing box was mixed in the bed soil, the suppression of damping-off was low. 2. For suppressing damping-off, 3 kinds of 5 g (SiO_2 ingredient) potassium silicate liquid fertilizer were almost as effective as the reagent. For suppressing lesions on leaf blades, the liquid fertilizer which showed the greatest effect over the reagent was selected, and the silicic acid content rate of this rice plant increased the most. 3. In a nursery box in which 5.0 g (SiO_2 ingredient) of selected liquid fertilizer (A) was poured, the damping-off seedling rate was suppressed to 7% to that of the untreated nursery box. 4. Right after sowing proved to be an appropriate time for pouring the potassium silicate solution, and 5 g (SiO_2 ingredient) per nursery box was an adequate rate of application. 5. From the above results, we concluded that the pouring of a potassium silicate solution reagent and fertilizer into the ridging in a nursery box are effective ways to suppress seedling blast, and are acceptable substitutes for fungicides like tricyclazole.
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Akihiro Furubayashi, Masashi Uwasawa, Tetsuo Kanamori, Naoto Owa, Taka ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
733-739
Published: December 05, 2002
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By using a multiplex microcalorimeter, growth thermograms were obtained by continuous monitoring of heat evolution associated with microbial degradation of glucose for Gray Lowland soil, Low-humic Andosol and Cumulic High-humic Andosol, all of which were collected from experimental plots with and without straw compost long-term application. 1) The growth rate constant (μ) the doubling time of cell division time (t_D), the peak time of thermograms (t_P) and the glucose efficiency (G. E.) were determined by kinetic analysis of the growth thermograms for all of the soils. 2) The growth rate constant (μ) was larger for the Gray Lowland soil than for the Humic Andosols and a reverse relation was observed for the doubling time of cell division (t_D), which was the smallest for the Gray Lowland soil and the largest for the Cumulic High-humic Andosol. Under straw compost long-term application, the growth rate constant of Humic Andosol changed slightly, but hardly changed in Gray Lowland soil. 3) The peak time of thermograms (t_P) was longer for the Humic Andosol than for the Gray Lowland soil and became shorter with the long-term application of compost in all of the soils. 4) The glucose efficiency (G. E.) was almost constant for all the soils and was between 60 and 70%. 5) The calculation using the formula proposed by Konno showed a high linear correlation between the ratio of microbial population (n_0/n_0^0) and the amount of glucose added in pre-incubation (S). 6) The microbial population index (n_0^0/k) estimated from Konno's formula varied with soils and increased with the long-term application of compost in all of the soils. This index could be considered to be a suitable value for evaluating the amount of soil microbial biomass.
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Akira Kamidohzono, Fusako Ishida, Darmawan, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Toshi ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
741-753
Published: December 05, 2002
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The authors proposed an ethnopedological study, including its areas of research and its methodology. The approaches of the ethnopedological study were 1) to survey and document indigenous knowledge of soil classification, evaluation, cultivation and management and 2) to scientifically examine the indigenous soil knowledge by both modern field sciences and laboratory analyses. The ethnopedological survey was carried out in Sipisang Village of the Minangkabau people, located at the middle stream of the Anai River watershed, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Minangkabau farmers in West Sumatra, have long practiced sustainable agriculture based mainly on sawah, i.e. paddy field, kebun, upland agricultural field and forestry. The term sawah is Malay, which means leveled, bounded and irrigated lowland rice field. With sociological features, the Minangkabau people have integrated matrilineal adat, tradition and an Islamic system. Some customs inherited from Hindu culture still exist, too. People of the village have their own soil evaluations based on their inherited knowledge and the special features of soil horizons especially characterized in soil color, soil texture, topographical location of its horizon and its place in the soil profile. In addition to these soil evaluations, they recognize comparative differences in soil fertility and land productivity based on land use in the hilly area in the western part of the village, and regional differences and as a Tanah Tahinagan, a problem soil for rice cultivation. It was determined that their indigenous soil fertility evaluations were appropriate, judging from the data of soil physico-chemical analyses in the laboratory.
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Akira Kamidohzono, Fusako Ishida, Darmawan, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Toshi ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
755-763
Published: December 05, 2002
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Ethnopedological field surveys were carried out in Sipisang Village, at the middle stream of Anai River watershed, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The villagers recognized relief as an important factor for soil formation and soil fertility. The people judged that soil fertility of lower places was higher than that of upper and slope areas. In their indigenous knowledge and techniques, appropriate use of slash and burn agriculture in the forest and upland are helpful. These activities integrate ordinary soil erosion in forest and upland to lowland sawah, where the eroded soils are sedimented. Because of the positive evaluation of ordinary soil erosion, their indigenous knowledge and technology are not the same as those of Western scientific considerations. This sawah-based traditional system has, however, been sustained for a long time in the region. Soils under primary forest were high in organic carbon, quite low in base status and high in acidity. Soils under secondary forests and slash and burn cultivation showed rather higher fertility than those of the primary forests. The central part of the village, kebun, upland agricultural field, showed poor soil structure, high content of exchangeable cations and extractable elements. The sawahs, irrigated lowland rice fields with high base status and available phosphorus, were the most fertile in the Sipisang area. Perhaps, long-term careful management of soils of sawahs and kebuns by the Sipisang people and geological fertilization from upland to lowland contributed to the higher soil fertility. These results confirmed the knowledge of indigenous soil management for the positive evaluation of ordinary soil erosion in watersheds. The beautiful landscape of watersheds in Sipisang Village, including primary and secondary forests, slash and burn agriculture, kebun and lowland sawahs, was also conserved as a result of human activities based on the indigenous knowledge and techniques of soil management described in this paper.
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Akihiro Furubayashi, Naoto Owa, Takamitsu Konno
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
765-768
Published: December 05, 2002
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Koichi Matsuo, Kazuhiko Egashira
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
769-771
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Kota Yazawa, Tetsuo Kato, Takashi Noro, Toshihisa Masunaga, Rie Maruta
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
773-775
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Parida Yamada, Keisuke Asou, Yuuki Yazawa, Tatsuaki Yamaguchi
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
777-781
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Shinpei Nakagawa, Shuichi Hasegawa, Junichi Kashiwagi, Shinji Suzuki
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
783-786
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Ichiro Taniyama
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
787-788
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Motoki Nishimori
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
789-796
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Akira Watanabe
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
797-802
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Tomoyuki Makino
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
803-811
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Shohei Hirose
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
813-819
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Itsuo Goto, Toshiyuki Wakatsuki, Kiyohiko Nakasaki, Shigeko Ueda, Kiyo ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
821-826
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Noriharu Ae, Masaru Kobayashi, Naoki Sakurai, Tomonori Shiraishi, Toru ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
827-832
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Masayuki Hojito
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
833-837
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Kazunobu Toriyama
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
839-
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Michinori Nishio
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2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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K Egashira
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2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Bibliography
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
843-847
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
848-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
849-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
850-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
851-
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
s1-s5
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2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
a1-a4
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages
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