Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages App1-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_App1

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[title in Japanese]

K. KYUMA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_i

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Synthesis of Zeolite Using Fly Ash on Closed System

Yutaka OKADA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_1

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Fly ash is treated in a hydrothermal reaction with 3N-sodium hydroxide solution at 93℃ for twenty-four hours in the first stage reaction to synthesis of faujasite. A large amount of silicate and a very small amount of sodium aluminate are contained in the filtrate of the first stage reaction. By adding sodium aluminate to the filtrate to adjust the molar ratio of SiO_2/Al_2O_3 to 2.0 and hydrothermal reaction treating the mixed solution at 93℃ for three hours, high purity zeolite A can be synthesized in the second stage reaction. Since silicate and aluminate are consumed in the second stage reaction, alkali predominates in the filtrate of the second stage reaction. Faujasite can be synthesized again from fly ash using the filtrate to which sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the normality to 3N. Therefore, zeolite can be synthesized in the closed system by repeating the reaction. It is expected that zeolite A produced in the above-mentioned reaction will be used as industrial materials and faujasite will be used as a water-treating agent and agricultural materials because of excellent adsorption characteristics to various heavy metal ions.

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Effects of Subsoil Acidity of Andisols on the Yield and Botanical Composition of Legume-Grass Mixture (Part 2) : Legume with Different Al Tolerance-Orchard Grass Mixture

Masahiko SAIGUSA, Sadao SHOJI, Tokuro ABE

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 7-13
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_7

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A field study was conducted to clarify the effects of subsoil acidity of Andisols on the yield and botanical composition of legume-grass mixture for three years. Al-sensitive legume, Medicago sativa (Alf) and Trifolium pratense (RC), Al-tolerant legume, Trifolium repens (LC) and Lotus pedunculatus (ML) and Dactylis glomerata (OG) were used as test plants. Two kinds of unreclaimed Andisols were used for the subsoils of experimental plots : strongly acid Andisol (Kawatabi) and weakly acid Andisol (Zao). Alf and RC showed poor root development due to Al toxicity in the subsoil of Kawatabi plot and drastic reduction of yield by nitrogen deficiency and water stress. Consequently, the ratios of legumes of Alf-OG and RC-OG mixture in Kawatabi plots were significantly lower than those in Zao plots. On the other hand, LC and ML showed normal growth both in Kawatabi and Zao plots and ratios of legumes in LC-OG and ML-OG mixture were not varied between the two soil plots. However, RC and LC in all experimental plots decreased with year. In conclusion ML-OG is most useful for mixed-seeding in strongly acid Andisol and Alf-OG is also probable with special care of nitrogen application in early growing period.

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Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Tropical Ecosystems(熱帯の生態系における土壌有機物の動態), David C. COLEMAN,J.Malcolm OADES,Goro UEHARA編, 24.5×16.5cm, 249pp., University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu,Hawaii, 1989

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 13-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_13

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Analysis of Fusarium-Suppression in the Farmyard Manure Amended Soil

Makoto KIMURA, Koki TOYOTA, Shozo KUWATSUKA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 14-20
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_14

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It was known from the previous report that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (F. o. r ; a pathogen causing wilt disease of radish) was suppressed in the farmyard manure (FYM) amended soils. The effects of FYM and its materials on the growth of F. o. r. , the diffusibility of F. o. r. -suppressing substances, and the characteristics of antagonists were investigated in this report. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The microconida, which were inoculated between the sheets of Nucleopore filters (0.2 or 0.8 μm) and embedded into soils, developed less mycelia between 0.8μm filters than between 0.2μm, which suggested the suppressive effect of direct microbial contact against the mycelial growth. But the effect of contact was less remarkable than that of the difference between chemical fertilizer (CF-) and FYM-soils. 2) Rice straw showed neither suppressive nor stimulatory effect on the growth of F. o. r. Immature and mature FYM suppressed its growth as FYM-soil did. The water extract of mature FYM suppressed the growth of F. o. r. , but those of CF- and FYM-soils did not. Thus the suppressing mechanism of FYM and FYM-soil was different from each other. 3) One of the suppressing mechanisms of FYM was due to the high EC. 4) The suppression in FYM-soil was suggested to be due to the trace amount of growth-suppressing substance produced at the specific site, and that the effective extent to suppress F. o. r. growth is very narrow. 5) From the growth of F. o. r. in FYM-soil added with streptomycin (inhibitor of protein synthesis of bacteria) or vancomycin (inhibitor of cell membrane synthesis of gram-positive bacteria), it was known that gram-negative bacteria plays an important role in the suppression of F. o. r. in FYM-soil.

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Antagonists against Fusarum oxysporum f. sp. raphani in Soil

Koki TOYOTA, Makoto KIMURA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_21

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It was known from the previous report that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. raphani was suppressed in the farmyard manure (FYM) amended soils, which was partly due to the gram-negative bacteria. In this report, the distributions of antagonists, with special attention to the soil types, constituents, and aggregates, were investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The number of antagonists and the percentage of antagonists to total microorganisms were higher in FYM-soil than in chemical fertilizer (CF)-soil. On the other hand, only a few antagonists were counted in FYM. 2) Antagonists isolated in CF-soil were almost all actinomycetes ; but in FYM-soil, gram-negative bacteria, some of which were identified to be Pseudomonas spp., occupied about 20% of total antagonists. 3)Antagonists grew in or near FYM with degradation of FYM incorporated into soils ; those number were higher as the size of FYM particles was smaller. 4) antagonists grew more in smaller soil aggregates and in the outer part of soil aggregates than in the inner.

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, British Mycological Society, 15.3×23cm, 316pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 26-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_26

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The Conversion of Poorly Drained Paddy Fields to Upland Fields in a Rainy and Snowy District (Part III) : Subsoiling Practice and the Survey of Field Maturing Processes in the Paddy Fields of Gray Lowland Soils

IIDA Shuji, Takashi YOSHINO, Ahinari INOHARA, Seiji OKAYAMA, Kazuo KAM ...

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_27

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In the paddy fields of medium- and coarse-textured Gray Soils subsoiling was carried out at 2 m distance in a half area of a 34 a plot, and pasture plants were cultivated for two years. After one crop season, soil structures in the plowed layers changed into grain states, in the subsoil layers, especially in the subsoiler passing strips, small cavities and soil cracks were highly developed. In the non-subsoiler areas, regrowth of the grass was hindered by excessive water damage. In the field of Gravelly Lowland Soils, subsurface drainage systems were prepared in 36 a × 2 plots by installing a drain pipe connected with 5 trenchs filled with rice husks at 20 m distance and subsoiling at 2 m distance. After the passing of winter, eddoes were cultured. This soil had high clay content, Andorols, and a traffic pan layer, but the drainage systems worked effectively. Soil water mainly percolated to the depth below the drain pipe and was partially collected by the pipe at the time the snow melted. After cultivating the eddoes, the soil structures of the plowed layers changed into grain and clod states, but the colors of the soils profile did not change. In the subsoil layer, cavities and soil cracks increased, and fine soil cracks were formed along the strips of subsoiling. The growth of eddoes was related to the gas phase ratio of the plowed layers. Chemical components of the plowed layers were almost unchanged by the subsurface drainage and upland use ; the contents of NH_4^+ and Ca^<2+> were somewhat lowered.

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Measurements of Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) Emission from Lysimeter Paddy Fields

Ken-ichi KANDA, Katsuyuki MINAMI

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_35

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We present the results of lysimeter paddy field measurements of DMS emissions. The closed chamber method was used for the measurements of DMS flux from lysimeter paddy fields (2.5 m × 2.0 m, 1.0 m depth) into the atmosphere. The chamber was constructed from poly-carbonate with internal height of 100 cm, covering-sectional area of 900 cm^2. The air within the chamber was drained in vacuumed 300 ml glass bottle. The DMS concentrations of the samples were determined by using GC/FPD. Significant diurnal variations of DMS fluxes were observed during September 20-21 in both Gray Lowland soil and Andosols paddy fields. The emission rates of DMS form lysimeter paddy fields could be related to the variation of both solar radiation strength and air temperature. We also found remarkable seasonal variation of DMS fluxes from both fields during the cultivation period. Annual emission rates of DMS from lysimeter paddy fields measured in our study ranged between 4.1 and 6.5 mg S m^<-2> yr^<-1> showing that there is little difference in the emission rates between Gray Lowland soil and Andosols paddy fields.

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Role of Exchangeable Cations in the Measurement of Phosphate Sorption Coefficient of Smectic Soils : Study on Hachirougata Reclaimed Soils

Masami NANZYO, Tomoyuki MAKINO, Sadao SHOJI, Tadashi TAKAHASHI

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_41

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Some Hachirougata reclaimed soils exhibit high phosphate sorption coefficients comparable to Andisols though the former soils contain much less active Al and Fe than the latter soils. It was revealed that exchangeable Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+> of these soils play a significant role in the measurement of phosphate sorption coefficients in addition to active Al and Fe. With the addition of ammonium phosphate, exchangeable ions are released and Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+> react with phosphate to give precipitates of CaHPO_4・2H_2O and MgNH_4PO_4・6H_2O, respectively. These crystalline phosphates were identified with X-ray diffraction analysis of precipitates formed by the addition of ammonium phosphate solution to soil extract with NH_4Cl solution. These phosphates contain P and Ca^<2+> or Mg^<2+> in the molar ratio of 1:1. The 1:1 relationship was found between the amounts of exchangeable Ca^<2+> + Mg^<2+> and the difference in phosphate sorption coefficients between original soils and Na^+-saturated soils. This fact quantitatively confirms the contribution of exchangeable Ca^<2+> + Mg^<2+> to phosphate sorption coefficients of Hachirougata reclaimed soils. Phosphate availability in the Hachirougata reclaimed soil to plants was higher than that in an Andisol.

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Effect of Forest on Soil (Part 2) : The Base Accumulation and Other Soil Properties Related to Age of Cryptomeria and Japanese Cypress Stands

Satoshi SAWATA, Hidemasa KATO

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 49-58
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_49

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The magnitude of exchageable Ca accumulation and other changes in soil properties were assessed for the soils beneath 4- to 180-year-old cryptomeria stands (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), and for the soils beneath 4- to 100-year-old Japanese cypress stands (Chamaesiparis obtusa S. et Z.) growing on the similar thick humic Andosols in the same region. 1) In the soils beneath cryptomeria stands more than 18 years old, the mass of A_0 horizon was held constant. Calcium and other bases were supplied through the decomposition of cryptomeria litter. Exchangeable Ca has increased rapidly in the upper layer (0-5 cm depth) beneath cryptomeria stands of 35 years or above. The accumulation rate of exchangeable Ca in the upper layer reaches to constant after 45 years, and the layer of exchangeable Ca accumulation moves to the lower layer. An increase in the content of exchangeable Ca results in an increase in both pH and base saturation. 2) In the soils beneath Japanese cypress stands, soil organic matter content has accumulated at a nearly constant rate after 18 years old in the upper layer (0-5 cm depth). The reason for a high organic matter content may be due to the permeation of finely dispersed and undecomposed scale of cypress to the A horizon. Other soil characteristics beneath cypress stands differed markedly from those beneath adjacent cryptomeria stands ; exchangeable Ca was not accumulated, and pH and base saturation were much lower. 3) Considerably high content of exchangeable Ca has been observed in the lower layers (60 - 100 cm depth) beneath 4-year-old cryptomeria and Japanese cypress stands ; these stands were regenerated after the clear cutting of about 60-year-old cryptomeria stand.

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Analysis on Medium Showing the Effect by Successive Application of Rice Straw Compost for Mulberry Yield

Katsuko INAMATSU, Kayoko SHIBUYA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 59-63
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_59

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The mulberry yield in application of inorganic fertilizer was increased by addition of rice straw compost. The increased amount grew bigger as years went by. To make clear the cause, analysis of soil properties and cultivation of other plants in medium where mulberry was planted was made. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The index of leaf yield of compost application to those of only inorganic fertilizer was 103 in alluvial soil, 93 in alluvial volcanic ash soil and 125 in volcanic ash soil at the beginning, but after 15 years these increased to 530, 470 and 460. 2. Successive application of inorganic fertilizer brought about the increase of soil acidity and the decrease of nitrogen, carbon and calcium in the soil, but this tendency was checked by the application of compost. The accumulated organic matter was raw. 3. application of compost also increased ethylene formation though the degree differed between soil types. 4. The cultivation of other plants in medium after yielding mulberry shows that the application effect of compost was recognized on the growth of head lettuce which is a dicotyledoneae like mulberry but was not on rice and winter barley which are monocotyledoneae. 5. Application of compost reduced growth injury due to continuous cropping of mulberry with application of only inorganic fertilizer.

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Analysis of Nitrogen Accumulation in Tulip Roots during Winter Season by Split Root Experiment

Nobuyuki KITAJIMA, Takuji OHYAMA, Taro IKARASHI

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 64-70
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_64

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The split roots experiment was conducted in order to investigate the accumulation of N in tulip roots during the winter season and the possibility of translocation of N from the roots supplied with N to the other part of roots. A half-group of the roots of a bulb was fed with ^<15>N-labeled culture beled +N medium contained NH_4^+ (3mg N/l) and NO_3^- (12mg N/l). During 5 days of treatments, the ^<15>N was not detectable in the half roots in the -N or +N medium separated from ^<15>N medium. At 5 days after the onset of treatment, a large amount of absorbed N was accumulated in the roots treated with +^<15>N or +N medium. Total N concentration was greatly enhanced from 4.5% to 8% based on dry weight. The results suggested that tulip roots can absorb and accumulate N rapidly if N is supplied to the roots, in spite of their being under the cold conditions (0-5℃). It was confirmed that the accumulated N was derived from absorbed N from medium and it was mainly accumulated in the form of 80% ethanol soluble compounds, especially glutamine. It was shown that NO_3^- was also detected in the roots supplied with N. From the results obtained, it was suggested that each root independently accumulates N and does not easily share the absorbed N with the whole root system.

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The Influence of Nitrogen Stress and Short Daylength on Strawberry Growth and Yields by Rockwool Culture

Kazushige NAKABAYASHI, Kinzi TAKAHASHI

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 71-74
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_71

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Effect of Coated Urea Top-Dressing at Hilling Time on Growth and Yield of Soybean Plant

Kenichi ARAGAKI, Hiroshi FUJII

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 75-78
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_75

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Properties of the Soil Microbial Biomass

C. BROOKES, K. INUBUSHI, J. WU, D. D. PATRA

Article type: Article
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 79-83
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_79

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 84-88
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_84

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 89-93
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_89

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages App2-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_Cover3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
Published: February 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.62.1_Cover4

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