Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
Volume 66, Issue 6
Displaying 1-34 of 34 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Cover1-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Cover2-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages App1-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Kazuya SAWADA, Koichi NISHIDA, Kiyotaka MIYASHITA, Ryosuke KIMURA, Ryu ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 599-608
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Streptomyces strains isolated from potato scab and potato russet scab lesions in Japan were characterized by morphological and physiological analyses, DNA homology, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). They were divided into three groups based on spore chain morphology. Strains from potato scab lesions exhibited either a spiral spore chain morphology (S-type) or a flexuous spore chain morphology (F-type), while strains from potato russet scab lesions showed a retinaculum-apertum spore chain morphology (RA-type) exclusively. Although the S-type produced a melanoid pigment, the F- and RA-type did not. Both the S-type and F-type were divided into two groups based on DNA homology study and also RFLP analysis with suberin-degradative esterase gene sequences as probes, resulting in four separate groups. These groups coincided with geographic origin, as the S-type isolated from the Kyushu and Honshu areas were different from the S-type from the Hokkaido area, and the F-type isolated from the Kyushu area was distinct from the F-type from the Hokkaido area. From DNA homology experiments, the S-type isolated from the Kyushu and Honshu areas, and the F-type isolated from the Kyushu area were identified as S. scabies and S. acidiscabies, respectively. The present study confirms that in Japan, potato scab is caused by at least four genetically distinct Streptomyces species, including S. scabies and S. acidiscabies.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 608-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Yuji HIKASA, Shigeo IMADA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 609-616
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    One-year-old asparagus plants (Asparagus officinalis L.) were grown in pots for 45 d before ^<14>C-feeding. In order to clarify the sugar metabolism of roots, carbohydrate contents and ^<14>C distribution in each root region and its sugar form were determined. The following results were obtained : 1) The total sugar content was in the order of new storage roots > base of old storage roots > tip of old storage roots > rhizomes > sucking roots. In storage roots, the content of sucrose and 3-4 degrees of polymerization fructans were high. The content of higher degrees of polymerization fructans was the highest in new storage roots. In sucking roots, contents of sucrose and monosaccharide were high, but the content of higher degrees of polymerization fructans was very low. In rhizomes, the content of sucrose was high. 2) At 18 h after ^<14>C-feeding, ^<14>C-assimilates remained■mainly in leaves and main stems and 20% of ^<14>C-assimilates had moved into roots. Distribution of the ^<14>C rate in the roots was high in old storage roots and sucking roots. 3) The relative strength as a sink (RSS) was the greatest in leaves as an assimilatory organ and small (about 40) in whole roots. It was more than 100 in new storage roots and sucking roots. These data suggest that photosynthates move into those new organs preferentially. 4) The distribution rate of chemical forms in the roots was represented mostly by sugar, but the rate was different in each region. The distribution rates of the alcohol-insoluble fraction and organic acid were high in sucking roots and new storage roots. However, in old storage roots, the most of distribution rate was of sugar. Therefore, old storage roots function as a sugar-storage organ. 5) Although the fructan content was very low, the change rate into more than 3 degrees of polymerization was high in sucking roots. It is assumed that those fructans translocate from storage roots. The sugar form translocated to the roots was mostly sucrose. Although it was examined only 18h after ^<14>C-feeding, the change into more than 4 degrees of polymerization fructan was noticed. Therefore, it is concluded that the change into fructan begins rapidly.
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  • Gang WANG, Shigeki KONISHI
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 617-624
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The nutrio-physiological characteristics of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants in acid soil were observed by examining the response to Mn and Fe with special reference to the Al supply. Some of the results obtained from this study were as follows : (1) The growth of tea plants was evidently promoted by Al supply, and there was no inhibition by Mn even at a concentration of 100 mg L^<-1>. Therefore, tea plants have a wide range of optimal concentration of Mn for normal growth. (2) When 300 mg L^<-1> of Mn was supplied to tea plants in the absence of Al, the leaves showed chlorosis and necrosis that were coincident with the decrease in the K/Mn ratio in tea shoots. However, the addition of Al alleviated these Mn-excess symptoms. (3) In the presence of Al, the absorption of Mn was promoted during the growth of the tea plants. However, there was no change in Fe concentration in the shoots. In the case of feeding different forms of Fe during the growth of tea, tea plants absorbed and utilized Fe (II) and Fe (III) at the same efficiency when Al was added. (4) With the addition of Al, tea roots in shaking liquid culture absorbed Fe from FePO_4 well, similar to Fe-EDTA although H^+ released from the root was consumed by the buffering action of Al.
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  • Hiroyuki SHIGA, Daiji ASAKA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 625-631
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Three Landsat TM data acquired in September 1984,1986,1992 and MOS-1/MESSR data acquired in September 1993 were analyzed to obtain a spatial variability map of the rice yield in central Hokkaido. For extracting paddy fields, another four Landsat TM data acquired in May, June and July were also used. Satellite images of paddy fields were superimposed on the administrative district mesh map based on the Digital National Land Information of the Geographic Survey Institute. The statistical reports on agriculture, forestry and fisheries in Hokkaido were used as ground truth data. The spatial variability of rice yields was well explained by the multiple regression model using TM band 2,band 4 and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in 1984,1986 and 1992 when the municipalities in the northern part of the study area were excluded (coefficient of determination was 0.81-0.87). The coefficient of the model varies with the year. In 1993,when the rice yield was mainly limited by sterility, there was a close relation between the digital number of MESSR band 2 and the yields of municipalities, and the logistic curve was applied to estimate the yields.
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  • Taiju MORIMURA, Hazime NARIOKA, Shohei ASO, Hiroshi TAKENAGA, Masaaki ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 632-638
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The trend of the methane flux for direct-seeded paddy fields was different from that of transplanted paddy fields during the cultivation period. Thus we concluded that the soil physical and chemical properties of the plow layer were different for the two types of paddy fields. The relationship between methane production and soil physical properties with regard to soil macropores were analyzed using the soft X-ray radiographic method. The results were as follows. 1) The methane flux from the direct-seeded paddy fields increased during the early growth stage of rice plants. However, it decreased during the middle to late growth stage. This was not so for the transplanted paddy fields. 2) Eh of the transplanted paddy fields was from -lO0mV to -200mV, and that of the direct-seeded paddy fields was from +200 mV to -50 mV. 3) The distribution of soil macropores was determined by soft X-ray radiography. It was found in the direct-seeded paddy fields that these existed as the macropores of rice straw mixed with soil and that of root traces. On the other hand, in the transplanted paddy fields, the number of macropores was low and the fractuation of their diameter was high. 4) In the direct-seeded paddy fields, the rate of distribution of macropores under ψm=0.98 Pa was high, and saturated permeability was also high. In the trasplanted paddy fields, these were low. It is therefore concluded, based on these findings, that soil macropores of the direct-seeded paddy fields were more developed than those of the transplanted paddy fields. This shows that methane production at the early stage of submergence was increased due the presence of soil macropores.
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  • Naoharu MIZUNO, Hozumi YOSHIDA, Kazuhiro YAMAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 639-645
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The effects of ionic strength and fertilization on the growth of Streptomyces scabies were researched in Petri dish experiments and in field experiments in allophanic Andosols in the Abashiri area. The results were as follows : 1) All experiments in Petri dishes were conducted in soil extract solution of allophanic Andosols with pH adjusted to each level. S. scabies was suppressed on agar amended at pH values < 4.8 of low-level ionic strength (μ=0.0008). However, S. scabies was not suppressed at pH values < 4.6 of the high-level ionic strength (μ=0.08). 2) The occurrence of potato scab decreased significantly in the field fertilized with only ammonium sulfate and without phosphate and potassium in the rows. 3) It is considered that aluminum ions are affected severely by ionic strength, and the activity coefficient decreases to a low level when a high-level ionic strength fertilizers are present in soil. Therefore, potato scab can be suppressed at a high soil pH and low level of exchange acidity y_1 when ionic strength is low in the soil in potato tuber growing areas because aluminum ion activity coefficient remains at a high level. Heavy rain and irrigation have the effect of increasing the activity coefficient of aluminum ions. 4) It is estimated that low ionic strength and nitrification of ammonium ions can suppress common potato scab at pH values < 5.1-5.3 in allophanic Andosols, and < 5.7-6.0 in nonallophanic soil.
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  • Yasuo YUASA, Kazunori SAWATA, Hiroshi MURAI, Katsuhiro INOUE
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 646-654
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    A vegetation survey of open-cut mining lands revegetated from 1982 to 1992 was carried out in the former Matsuo Sulfur Mine, Iwate Prefecture. Vegetation was predominantly characterized by creeping red fescue (Festuca elatior var. arudinacea), red top (Agrostis alba L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), timothy (Phteum pratense L.), Kentucky 31 fescue (Festuca elatior var. arudinacea) and Artemisia asiatica NAKAI, which were introduced as revegetation plants. After 3 y of revegetation, however, Salix Reinii FRANCH. et SAV. invaded and was followed by Anaphalis margaritacea BENTH. et HOOK., Carex oxyandra KUDO, Salix integra THUN., and two kinds of mosses. After 4 y of revegetation, the percentage of vegetational cover decreased, resulting in marked erosion of soils dressed on the open-cut mining lands. After revegetating in 1986,with and without mulch treatments or on the south- and north-facing slopes of the open-cut mining lands, the growth of eight tree species was observed during 1987 to 1993. Among the eight tree species, Elaeagnus crispa THUN. and Salix integra THUN. showed good growth. The effects of mulching and direction of revegetated slopes on the growth of trees, however, were not obvious.
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  • Toru KUBOI, Takenori YAMAGUCHI, Kenichi SATAKE
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 655-662
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    A light-colored Andosol previously applied with limed sewage sludge was used as a test soil to evaluate acid-buffering mechanisms. Columns filled with the soil were continuously eluted with either 1) constant (pH 3) or 2) stepwise increase (pH 3→2.5→2) of H_2SO_4 strength, and changing levels of pH and chemical elements were monitored. The acid load of the first 72-76 cmol(+) kg^<-1> did not alter the pH (7-8) of eluted water while alkalinity, and Ca and Mg concentrations gradually decreased. Increase in the strength of the loaded acid resulted in an increase in the levels of these constituents without changing the pH values of the eluted water, indicating that the contribution of carbonate dissolution and cation exchange reactions to the acid buffering capacity of the soil. This buffering region was followed by a second one of pH 4.1-4.2,which was characterized by the disappearance or decreased levels of alkalinity, Ca and Mg, and simultaneous increase in the Al level in eluted water. The third buffering region around pH 3.2 was observed only in the 2nd series of the experiment where the Fe level was increased. The ratio of Mg/Ca and Si level in eluted water and input-S/ouput-S ratio became higher with the progressive load of acid, suggesting the destruction of clay minerals. Spiked elution of Zn and Cd was found at around 4 cmol(+) kg^<-1> of the acid load. These metals in addition to Mn appeared again in the 2nd and 3rd buffering regions.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 662-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Ning WANG, Tamiko IHORI, Kazuhiko BABA, Kiyosi IWASHIMA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 663-669
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    To establish a rapid extraction method of chromium (VI) from soil which can be applied for field investigation, we studied the leaching behavior of chromium (VI) using four types of soil : Andosol, Gray lowland soil, Brown forest soil and Kanumatsuchi soil. After the four types of soil were mixed with K_2Cr_7O_4,chromium (VI) was extracted from the four types of soil with a solution of K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4,K_2SO_4,NH_4CH_3COO and deionized water, respectively. After using the batch extraction method, the concentration of chromium (VI) in K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4,K_2SO_4 solution reached 85% of the maximum extractioncon centration after 10 min of shaking, and they each reached 90% of maximum after 1h of shaking in each extracting solution and each soil type. The chromium (VI) concentration extracted from Kanumatsuchi soil with K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4 and K_2SO_4 solution reached the maximum after 2 to 4 h of shaking, and then the concentration decreased after 6 h of shaking (extraction). On the other hand, no decline in the chromium (VI) concentration was observed even after 16 h of shaking from Andosol, Gray lowland soil and Brown forest soil. Using the batch extraction method, the concentration of chromium (VI) in the extracted solution from any soil used in this study was higher in the K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4 and K_2SO_4 solution than that in the NH_4CH_3COO solution and deionized water. By using the column extraction method, the total chromium (VI) quantity extracted in the K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4,K_2SO_4 and NH_4CH_3COO solution was equal to that extracted by deionized water. The K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4 solution extracts chromium (VI) rapidly. However, K_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4 solution is not an appropriate measurement of chromium (VI) for spectrophotometry in field investigations, because organic matter is extracted from the soil simultaneously, which colors the extracted solution and interferes with the measurement. Therefore the K_2SO_4 solution was considered to be the most suitable solution for the rapid extraction of chromium (VI). The extracted concentration of chromium (VI) by the K_2SO_4 solution was constant when the pH of 2×10^<-1> mol L^<-1> K_2SO_4 solution was within the range of 6.0 to 8.0 ; the concentration of K_2SO_4 solution in the range of 2×10^<-1>-5×10^<-1> mol L^<-1> did not affect the level of chromium (VI) extraction at pH7.0. In conclusion, K_2SO_4 solution (pH 6.0-8.0,2×10^<-1> mol L^<-1>) is appropriate for rapid extraction of chromium (VI) by the batch extraction method (10 min of shaking) in field investigations.
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  • Minoru SEKI, Akihiro IKEDA, Ryozo YAMADA, Fumiaki YAMASHITA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 670-677
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Ryusuke HATANO, Shuichi HASEGAWA, Toshio SAKUMA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 678-680
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 680-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Hitoshi SEKIMOTO, Motohiro FUKAMI
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 681-682
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Kazuhisa HASEGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 683-685
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Shinichiro SEKIYA, Kenji KIMIWADA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 686-696
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 697-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Kazutake KYUMA, Ueru TANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 698-708
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 709-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 710-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 711-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 712-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 712-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 712-
    Published: December 05, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages App2-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Index
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Toc1-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Index
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Index1-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages App3-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Cover
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Cover3-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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  • Article type: Cover
    1995 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages Cover4-
    Published: December 05, 1995
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