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Volume 71 (2000)
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Predecessor
Volume 71, Issue 3
Displaying 1-36 of 36 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages Cover1-
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages Cover2-
Published: June 05, 2000
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages App1-
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T. OhyamaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 299-302
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T. KasubuchiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 303-306
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Y. HaradaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 307-310
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T. ShinanoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 311-312
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K. SueyoshiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 313-314
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U. TanakaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 315-316
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K. HiguchiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 317-318
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H. YamazakiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 319-320
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Rikiya Nira, Akira NishimuneArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 321-329
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to use more organic materials without creating environmental pollution in farmers' fields, a better understanding of the nitrogen (N) mineralization of organic materials in soil is required. We conducted a field experiment for N release and formation and the decay of microbial biomass from ^<15>N-labeled sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues over 5 y. The amounts of residue-N absorbed by crop from sugar beet and corn residues were largest in the first crop growing season after an incorporation of the residues. Thereafter, the amounts decreased and became very small in the fifth crop growing season. In the case of wheat residue, the amount of N derived from it in the first successive crop was similar to that in the second and third successive crops, and the amount of residue-N absorbed by crop became very small in the fourth and fifth crop growing seasons. Total amount of residue-N absorbed by crops and the recovery rate of the residue-N over 5 y were, respectively, 2.9-4.6 g N m^<-2> and 26-34% from sugar beet residue, 1.7-3.4 g N m^<-2> and 17-36% from corn residue and 1.0-1.6 g N m^<-2> and 18-29% from wheat residue. The recovery rate was on the whole higher as the C/N ratio of residue was lower. Additionally, the recovery rate in Brown Lowland soil (BLs) (FAO/Unesco : Fluvisols) was highest, and that in Gleyic Cumulic Andosol (GCA) (Fluvisols) was higher than in Brown Andosol (BA) (Andosols). Of the residue-N, 38-76% remained in the soils at 52 months after incorporation. Incorporated crop residue-N plays an important role for the preservation of organic N in soil. The ratio of remaining residue-N to incorporated residue-N was larger in the case of wheat residue than other residues. The ratio was smaller in the BLs than the two Andosols. The maximum amount of N derived from crop residues in the soil microbial biomass was 2.7-9.7% of the residue-N incorporated at the time the experiment began. The values were larger than the ratio of biomass-N to soil organic N, which indicated microbial biomass plays an important role in the dynamics of crop residue-N in soil. The amount of N derived from crop residues in soil microbial biomass decreased slowly after the end of the first successive crop growing season, and the net half-life was calculated to be 490-980 d. However, a distinct property of soil microbial biomass according to the type of crop residue and soil was not detected, because there were irregular changes in the analysis data of microbial biomass during the first successive crop growing season. This was due to the heterogeneous distribution of microorganisms caused by fresh crop residues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 329-
Published: June 05, 2000
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Rikiya Nira, Akira NishimuneArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 330-336
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn estimation for the nitrogen (N) mineralization of organic materials incorporated into the soil is useful for minimizing the overuse of organic materials, which causes environmental pollution. The applicability of a kinetic method for the estimation of the progress of crop residue-N mineralization in soil was examined. The amount of inorganic N started to increase with lag-time when the soils with ground crop residues were incubated for 140 d. The lag-times were longer for Gleyic Cumulic Andosol (GCA) (FAO/Unesco : Fluvisols) and Brown Andosol (BA) (Andosols) than Brown Lowland soil (BLs) (Fluvisols). Lag-times were also longer in soils with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue than corn (Zea mays L.) residue. The soils with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) residue had the shortest lag-time. The time courses of the accumulated inorganic N in soils with crop residues fitted well to the first-order kinetic model proposed by Sugihara et al. The progress of residue-N mineralization under field conditions was estimated by a kinetic method using the data of daily average soil temperature during two crop growing seasons (April 1993-August 1994). The estimated progress was compared with the progress of residue-N absorbed by the plants, which was reported in a previous paper using ^<15>N-crop residues. In the case of BLs with corn and wheat residues, and BA and GCA with sugar beet residue, the estimated progress of N mineralization was similar to the progress of N uptake in the plants. However, there was an overestimation in the case of BLs with sugar beet residue and underestimations in the cases of two Andosols with corn and wheat residues. We considered that three reactions caused the over- and underestimations: 1) The faster decomposition of crop residue in the incubation experiment using ground residues; 2) The faster release of N from crop residues with high C/N ratio in the field experiment using basal N fertilizer; and 3) The uptake of ^<15>N by plants from ^<15>N-crop residue followed the gross N mineralization of crop residue and not net N mineralization.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Shinobu Goto, Shigeo NagataArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 337-344
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField studies were carried out for 9 years to examine the effect of long-term application of green manure (sorghum, clotararia, pampas grass) on the yield of succeeding crops (potato and taro) and the physical and chemical properties of Dark Red Soil. The obtained results were: 1) The average fresh yields of sorghum and clotararia were 28 and 61 Mg ha^<-1>, respectively. Pampas grass collected from the grassland was 50 Mg ha^<-1>. These were cut and incorporated into soil by rotary tillage every September, and potato (Norin No.1) or taro (Ishikawa wasemaru) was planted about 3 months after incorporation. 2) The average yield of potato (8 times) was significantly (11-18%) higher for the plot incorporating green manure as compared to the control plot, whereas in the case of taro (2 times), there was no significant difference. 3) Total carbon, total nitrogen, and exchangeable K contents of the soil increased with the successive application of green manure. The increase rate of total carbon followed the order: pampas grass>sorghum>clotararia. It was suggested that 25 and 30% of the nitrogen in sorghum and pampas grass be incorporated into the soil, respectively. It was suggested that about 30% of the nitrogen be decomposed in the plot of clotararia. The increase rate of exchangeable K was 0.026-0.084 cmol(+)kg^<-1> per year. On the other hand, the amount of exchangeable Ca and Mg decreased. The decrease rates were 0.23-0.38 and 0.09-0.13 cmol(+)kg^<-1>, respectively. These results suggested that it is necessary to decrease the amount of sodium fertilizer and check the exchangeable Ca and Mg after the application of green manure. 4) The porosity of the soil increased and bulk density decreased with the successive application of green manure.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Hiromichi Inoue, Toyoaki Ito, Masahiko SaigusaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 345-349
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of co-situs application of controlled availability fertilizer and the broadcast application of readily available fertilizer on the growth and nutrient uptake of dent corn (Zea mays L.) and weeds. Field experiments were conducted for two years (1996-1997) in Andisol. No treatment of herbicide increased biomass, and the nutrient uptake by weeds decreased the yield and nutrient uptake of dent corn as compared with treatment using herbicides. In co-situs application plots, dent corn had a constantly higher plant length and tended to have a higher yield than that in broadcast application plots. Weed biomass in the co-situs plot was not different than that in the broadcast plot. However row/total (row+inter row) rate of weeds dry weight was about 50% in the co-situs plot and about 20% in the broadcast plot. Nutrient uptake of dent corn in the co-situs plot was higher than that in the broadcast plot. The nutrient absorption of weeds in the co-situs plot was high in-row and lower inter-row as compared with that in the broadcast plot. As explained above, it appears to be possible to maintain corn yield using small amounts of herbicide, if the co-situs application of controlled availability fertilizer is combined with the row application of herbicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Fukuyo Tanaka, Shin-ichi OnoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 350-355
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possible substrates of aromatic acid (benzoic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenyl-propionic acid) synthesis were identified by incubating flooded soils and soil suspensions with different organic matter. Rice plants were grown in small pots containing soil supplied with different organic matters to evaluate inhibitory effect on rice seedling growth within 3 weeks after transplanting. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Aromatic acids were found to be metabolites produced in soil microbial fermentation in reduced soils; 2) Accumulation of aromatic acids in the soil depended on the properties of the applied organic matter, and the accumulation loosely correlated with decomposability by organic matter microbes; 3) During a short period, such as 2-3 weeks after flooding, the growth inhibition of rice plants depended on the quantity of easily decomposable components in the applied organic matter not on the C/N value; and 4) Rice seedling growth was inhibited by application of the same organic matter that led to the accumulation of aromatic acids in the soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Hidemasa Kato, Katsuhiko Saito, Hideaki HiraiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 356-364
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to assess the availability on soil nutrients in tea gardens considered to employ common soil management and fertilizer application. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Available nitrogen was determined over a 5-week period at 30℃ with the alternate methods of leaching and incubation. Available nitrogen in the inter-row space soils throughout the year ranged from 466 t0 589 kg ha^<-1>(Typic Hapludults) and 330 to 712 kg ha^<-1>(Typic Udifluvents). The nitrogen concentrations of the soil solutions corresponding to these two soil samples ranged from 48 to 331 mg N L^<-1> and 8.3 to 573 mg N L^<-1>, respectively. Both soils possess the ability to supply an extremely large amount of nitrogen. 2. Available phosphorus in the inter-row space soils throughout the year ranged from 1.64 to 3.25 g P_2O_5kg^<-1>(Typic Hapludults) and 0.51 to 1.91 g P_2O_5kg^<-1>(Typic Udifluvents). The phosphorus concentration in the soil solution and water-soluble phosphorus content corresponding to these two soil samples were about 10^<-3>mol L^<-1> and 1,000 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1>, respectively. In both soils, the ability to supply phosphorus exceeded phosphorus demand remarkably. 3. The value of the soil pH was very low, indicative of strong acidity. The Al concentration (Alt) in the soil solution ranged from 10^<-4> to 10^<-3> mol L^<-1>, and the Al^<3+> value became the dominant species (>98%) of the Alt value. The high Al content in tea leaf is considered to be closely associated with the characteristics of tea plants and soil management. Therefore, proper management practices have to be developed to control the harmful effect on environmental quality due to excessive nutrient supply and to maintain security and quality of the tea.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Takashi Takahashi, Katsunori Sasaki, Satoshi Yokota, Kunihiko Ojima, M ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 365-371
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the Al tolerance mechanism in young carrot, we selected an Al-tolerant carrot by growing Kawatabi soil (acidic non-allophanic andosol) and hydroponic culturing with different Al levels. We used this selected carrot variety for investigating the Al tolerance level of carrots by "the simple method of visual detection of Al tolerance level in plant root by decoloring filter paper stained by hematoxylin, "distribution of Al in the young carrot root and the secretion of organic acid from the carrot root. 1) We selected "Shoyo 5 sun" as the representative variety for Al tolerance and "Kuroda 5 sun" as that for Al-sensitive. 2) Using this decoloring method, the secretion of organic acid was observed not only at the root tip but also at the root base. The degree of decoloration was clearly higher in the Al-tolerant variety than in the Al-sensitive variety. 3) The adsorption of Al on the root was observed at the root base of the Al-sensitive variety, but neither at the root tip or root base of the Al-tolerant variety nor the root tip of Al-sensitive variety. 4) A scanning electron micrograph of the root base of the Al-tolerant variety showed thicker and denser root hair as compared to that of the Al-sensitive variety. 5) Citric acid, as a major component of the organic acids, was detected in the secretion of Al-tolerant carrots roots by HPLC and ESI-MS analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K) -
Naoya Chishaki, Tsuyoshi HoriguchiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 372-377
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the mineral contents of several parts of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and the chemical properties of soils on farmers' fields to elucidate the causes for seed coat browning of broad bean. The browning lesions would be caused primarily by Ca deficiency. The incidence of affected pods, which contained browning seeds, in the fields was negatively correlated with the Ca contents of all parts of the plants. The Ca contents of the hull, seed coat and cotyledon of the affected pods were lower than those of healthy pods. The low degree of Ca saturation of the soils in these fields was one of the causes for Ca deficiency in the broad bean plants. The Ca contents of many parts of the plants in the fields were positively correlated with the degree of Ca saturation of the soils. Therefore, there was a negative correlation between the incidence of affected pods in the fields and the degree of Ca saturation of the soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Shigeko Goto, Masanori Aoki, Cai De Long, Chieko Takada, Hiroaki Hayas ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 378-384
Published: June 05, 2000
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JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the potassium silicate fertilizers, made of fly ash from Chinese electric power stations, on the growth and absorption of nutrients (K, Si and others) were compared with those from Japanese fly ash. Three types of fly ash mixture were prepared for calcination. The first one was Japanese fly ash mixed with KOH and Mg(OH)_2 (Japanese ash); the second one was Chinese fly ash mixed with KOH and Mg(OH)_2 (Chinese ash I); and the third was Chinese fly ash mixed with KOH, Ca(OH)_2 and Mg(OH)_2 (Chinese ash II). Each fly ash mixture was calcined at 750, 850 or 950℃ for 30 min, respectively. Chemical analysis of these nine potassium silicate fertilizer samples revealed that six samples calcined at 850 or 950℃ almost cleared the Japanese official standard for commercial fertilizer, but those calcined at 750℃ did not. Wheat plants were grown in pots for 55 d using these potassium silicate fertilizers. Dry weight and K uptake of the plants grown with the fertilizers prepared from Chinese ash I and II calcined at 850℃ were greater than those grown with the fertilizers prepared from Japanese ash orordinary chemical fertilizer. The weights of the ears and polished grains of the plants grown with potassium silicate fertilizer prepared from Chinese ash II calcined at 750 or 850℃ were greater than those of the control plot. In this case, the K uptake in the whole plant was almost equal to that of the control plot. In conclusion, the potassium silicate fertilizer prepared from Chinese ash II calcined at 850℃ was effective as a silicate fertilizer as well as a slow-release potassium fertilizer. It is also presumed that Chinese ash I calcined at 850℃ is also effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Kengo Ogiuchi, Naoko Nakazima, Noriharu Ae, Shingo MatsumotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 385-387
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Rikiya NiraArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 388-390
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Koji Furue, Shigeo NagataArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 391-395
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Naomichi Miki, Daiji Asaka, Hitosi HashimotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 396-399
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Kazuyuki InubushiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 400-409
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Kazuhiko Egashira, Osamu Hirota, Hiroshi OkuboArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 410-413
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Satoshi MatsumotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 414-418
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Article type: Bibliography
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 419-427
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 428-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 428-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 429-445
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages 446-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages App2-
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages Cover3-
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 3 Pages Cover4-
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