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Article type: Cover
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Yoshiaki ISHIZUKA, Akira TANAKA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
Published: April 05, 1956
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Rice plants was cultured in paddy field in 1952 at eight National Agricultural Experimental Stations located in the main part of Japan from the south to the north (as shown in Fig. 2). These rice plants received almost the same treatments under different climatic conditions. Varieties which were chosen in each Exp. Station were the most common ones in each locality respectively. The process of growth of these rice plants was studied morphologically and the following two types were distinguished in connection with the characteristics of the growth processes. 1) The cool area type, as in the case of Hokkaido : The temperature at transplanting is very low. Earprimordia is initiated by the temperature-effect. Tillering goes on after the ear-initiation. The tendency of dying of lower leaves caused by malnutrition is very weak even at the end of growth. 2) The warm area type, as in the case of Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu : The temperature at transplanting is high. Earprimordia is initiated by means of the photo-period-effect. Tillering is vigorous at early stage of growth, so the maximum tiller number period comes about two weeks earlier than the ear-initiation. Many lower leaves die in late period of growth because of malnutrition. In the case of Tohoku (Omagari), the maximum tiller number period and the ear-initiation period came at the same time in 1952 when the summer temperature was rather high, so the southern limit of the location of the cool area type was found there. The northern limit of the location of the warm area type is conjectured to have connection with "the Honshu-Nangan line" which is the demarcation line of the distribution of plants and animals running along the southern coast of the Japan proper. The area between these two limits will be called the transitional zone. The southern limit of the cool area type will move southward when the summer temperature is low and the northern limit of the warm area type goes northward when it is high. These two limits move up and down within the transitional zone according to the summer temperature.
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Keizaburo KAWAGUCHI, Daizo KITA, Kazutake KYUMA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
7-10
Published: April 05, 1956
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The sampler, for obtaining undisturbed cores from the waterlogged soils has been devised. It consists of the outer and inner tubes, shown in figures 1,2 and 3. The outer tube consists of three cylinders, e.g. the upper with the bar, the middle and the lower with cutting head. The sample can, which makes the inner tube, is 76.0 mm in diameter and 30.0 or 60.0mm in height (volume of 137.8 or 27.56cc). By increasing the number of the middle cylinder, we can take soil samples each depth as deep as about 24 cm. To get the core, the sampler is pushed into a soil. After being spaded from the soil, the outer cylinders are removed in order. The cans with the samples are detached one another with a thin metal blade, and covered with can lids. The lids are set by rubber bands not to miss the moisture. The implement is somewhat unsuitable for sandy soil. Of the soil core, obtained in the above way, bulk density, moisture content, aggregate state and other properties were determind. (See Tables 1,2 and figures 4,5 and 6). From the results of determination it was found that the top soils of paddy fields were caused to possess different characteristics with their depths by the cultivation and mixing before transplanting of rice seedling.
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Hideaki SAEKI, Kazuo FUJII
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
11-14
Published: April 05, 1956
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In order to design the oscillator type radio frequency apparatus, favorable for the detection of elements on the chromatogram and for high frequency titration with K and Na in their chloride solutions extracted from the chromatogram, the present investigation dealts with the strength of initial oscillation of the apparatus and the construction of the detection pole. Moreover, the titration cell convenient to the treatment of small amount of test solution was devised. The detection pole designed here, had no response to ununiformity of the paper and could therefore detect fairly even as small as one microgram of K or Na. Since the titration cell was designed to enable to apply such small quality as about 10 ml. of test solution, the lower limit of the quality of K to be estimated was reduced to the extent of approximately 0.286 mg. The stability of the apparatus and the characteristics of the coil, made here, were so excellent, that even excessive addition of one or two drops over the end point could be early detected.
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
14-
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Takeshi HAYASHI, Yasuo TAKIJIMA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
15-18
Published: April 05, 1956
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Mineralization and absorption of soil ogranic phosphorus by plant root were investigated, using diluted alkaline extract of soil. Results obtained are as follows. 1. Phosphatase activities in root-cap cell, coating root tip of corn, and also degraded roots of barley and rice plant, were found to be very high. In the course of degradation of root, this activity increased until maximum was attained and then decreased (Table l, 2). 2. It was recognized that phytin-inosit was absorbed by barley or rice plant in the same magnitude as that of phytin-P. This fact seemed to suggest that phytin was absorbed by root without any dephosphorylation (Table 3). 3. Organic phosphorus extracted by 0.5 NNH_4OH from two soils was hardly mineralized by excised roots of barley and rice seedlings (Table 4), while this phosphorus was slightly utilized by the intact roots of the same plants. But it was obscure whether the above phosphorus was absorbed as such or mineralized before it became available (Fig l).
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
18-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Zenzaburo KASAI, Azuma OKUDA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
19-22
Published: April 05, 1956
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Distribution and redistribution of Ca^<45> absorbed by rape and sesame plant were investigated. It was recognized that calcium was accumulated in leaves and a little was translocated to husk but the large parts was accumulated in older leaves and then lost with fallen leaves.
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Nobuo UCHIYAMA, Yutaka ONIKURA, Seiichi TAKAHASHI, Shuzo YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
23-26
Published: April 05, 1956
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The influence of degree of percolation velocity on the value of Eh of paddy soils under a stagnant condition in summer was investigated. Two surface soils from paddy field, whose textures were clay loam and sandy loam respectively were mixed; and 13 kg of the mixture was filled in Wagner pots. The velocity of percolation of stagnat water over the surface was controlled to such several rates as 0,l, 2 and 3 cm in depth of water a day. The Eh-values, at center of the soils in pots, were the lower in mV, the larger the velocity of percolation. From this results it was considered that the percolation would increased the decomposition of organic substance in soils under a stagnated condition. The variation of Eh-values were observed every 7〜10 days, especially regularly at the period of about one month after the begining of irrigation. By this observation, we could find there was a tendency that another periodical process of about one month interval where occurred Eh fluctuated in a wide range every month by no explainable reason.
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Minoru IKEDA, Isamu HARADA, Kaoru TAMURA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
27-29
Published: April 05, 1956
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The relation between corp growth and three phases of soil was studied. Corn, selected for the experiment was in the 1st and the 3rd farms of our Daily College. The soil belongs to Diluvial formation and its soil class is clay. There is not a definite relation between the quality of corn growth and the morphological properties of soil profiles. The ground water level at a place where corn growth is good, is low, while where corn growth is poor its level is very high. Definite relation between the quality of corn growth and the amount and kind of chemical nutrients of soil can not be recognized. As the corn plant demands much soil air for its growth, the lack of soil air, which results from the rain fall in August and the high ground water level in the farms, has great influence upon the growth of corn.
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Shingo MITSUI, Tetsuya OKAMOTO, Kikuo KUMAZAWA
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
30-32
Published: April 05, 1956
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In connection with Part 10 of this series of study, the base exchange capacities and ultimate pH of various plant roots were measured. The methods employed by Mattson or Drake were more or less modified on the procedures of electrodialysis and titration. The schema of the apparatus for electrodialysis employed in this study is shown in Fig. 1. The fresh root samples were directly electrodialysis until the electric current lowered approximately to 0.01-0.02 Amp., neutral red as indicator. To put the results on the comparable basis approximately five minutes were necessary for thc neutralisation to pH 7. After filtration in about 30 seconds with glass filter, 100 cc of the filtrate was added with excess acid, boiled five minutes to drive off carbon dioxide and final]y titrated back with alkali, utilising methyl-red as indicator. The base exchange capacities and ultimate hydrogen ion concentrations thus obtained are shown in Table 1. Three two parameters coincided fairly well as given in Fig. 3. The figures were highly significant on 1% level between legumes and cereals in agreement with the results obtained by MATTSON or DRAKB.
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Kinichi KOKUBUN, Hideo ITAKAWA, Kiyokazu NEMOTO
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
33-36
Published: April 05, 1956
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Physical and chemical properties of both soils, easily erodible and non-erodible, in northern Kanto district and its neighbourhood were studied. The results were summarized as follows : 1) By rational methods, specific, gravity, apparent density, moisture equivalent, and max. waters, capacity were determind. As to these properties no definite. inclination was found between two soils, easily-erodibe and non-erodible; but the soils of less clay inclined to be rather erodible. Of clod structure of the surface soil, coarese dry clod (<4 mesh) were more in the non-erodible than in the erodible, and the case was the same with the apparent density. 2) Of chemical properties, total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, exchange acidity, and base exchange capacity were determind. As to these properties, no definite inclination was found between the above two kinds of soils. But the degree of CaO saturation only inclined to be greater in the soil, non-erodible, than in that, erodible. 3) As to the nature of colloids, it was found that G_1 content by Tyulin's method was more in the non-erodible than in the erodible; while humus content was more in the erodible. Difierential thermal curves showed that the predominant clay mineral of easily erodible soils was Allophane, and that of non-erodible soils Kaolin mineral.
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Junichi MASUI
Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
37-39
Published: April 05, 1956
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1. The materials were collected from the hilly mountain, composed of saccharoidal limestone which sometimes intercalates thin layers of biotite schist. 2. The minerals observed in the sand fractions were quartz, oligoclase, andesine, hydrobiotite, hornblende, hypersthene, black opaque minerals, pumice and volcanic glass. 3. The fact that large amounts of pumice were found in all layers indicated that a great part of the parent material was composed of volcanic ash. 4. From the mineralogical composition it was considered that the weathering products of the limestone, intercalating thin layers of biotite schist were covered by dacitic volcanic ash, and further these mixed by subsequent, transportation. Since then the materials were mixed materials were covered by andestic volcanic ash. 5. Though large amounts of the soil were derived from the volcanic materials, the soil condition was considered to have been controlled by the weathering of limestone. 6. From X-ray and thermal experiments it was distinct that hydrated halloysite and montmorillonite were formed in the pumice. Hydrated holloysite was much more abundant in the upper layers. Montmorillonite was an essential component in every pumice of all layers except in that of the upper.
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
40-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
40-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
40-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
40-41
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
41-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
41-42
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
42-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
42-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
42-43
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
43-44
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
44-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
44-
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Article type: Article
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
44-
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Article type: Appendix
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
45-46
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Article type: Appendix
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1956 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
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