Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
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Volume 68, Issue 1
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages App1-_22_
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_App1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_i
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  • Denitrification in Shallow Groundwater in a Forest Adjacent to Farm Land on Joso Upland : Measured Using δ^<15>N Values
    Shigehiro ISHIZUKA, Shinichi ONODERA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_1
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    In order to determine processes of decreasing nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater in a forest on a suburban upland, we investigated the spatial distribution of δ^<15>N values of nitrate and nitrate concentrations in groundwater and soil water on Joso Upland, 60 km northeast of Tokyo. The water samples were collected at four plots along the direction of groundwater flow, which existed in farm land, forest, the boundary between farm land and forest, and grassland near a spring, respectively. Soil water samples were collected at depths of 0.2 m, 1 m and 3 m in the forest. The nitrate concentrations of shallow groundwater in farm land, forest and grassland were from 8 to 11, 6 and 2 mg L^<-1>, respectively. The nitrate concentration of shallow groundwater remarkably decreased throughout the forest. This suggested dilution of shallow groundwater with soil water which had a lower nitrate concentration. The δ^<15>N values of shallow groundwater in the forest (12 ‰) and grassland (more than 14 ‰) were higher than those of the shallow groundwater in the farm land (6 ‰), and the soil water in the forest (about 2 ‰). These results indicated that the nitrate concentration decreased not only by the dilution process with soil water, but also by the denitrification process of shallow groundwater in the forest and grassland.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 7-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_7
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  • A Mechanism of Nutrient Release from Resin-Coated Fertilizers and Its Estimation by Kinetic Methods : 1. Effect of Water Vapor Pressure on Nutrient Release
    Arata KOBAYASHI, Eiji FUJISAWA, Tomoji HANYUU
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 8-13
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_8
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    Release of nutrients from resin-coated fertilizers was studied in atmospheres of different water vapor pressures. The coated fertilizers tested were : urea coated with thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin ; and a NK mixed fertilizer coated with thermosetting resin. The water vapor pressures were adjusted by placing the coated fertilizers in bottles containing saturated solutions of different salts. The rates of nutrient release were simulated with the kinetic method proposed by SUGIHARA et al. (1986) and with the model proposed by KOCHBA et al. (1990). 1) The nutrient release from the resin-coated fertilizers was proportional to the differences in water vapor pressures between the inside and outside of the coated fertilizers, regardless of the different coating materials. 2) The release of nutrients fitted well either to the model by KOCHBA et al. or to the curves simulated with the method by SUGIHARA and KONNO. We did not find and conceptual differences between these two methods, and concluded that the temperatures firstly affected the vapor pressures, and the latter then directly controlled the release of nutrients from the coated fertilizers.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 13-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_13
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  • A Mechanism of Nutrient Release from Resin-Coated Fertilizers and Its Estimation by Kinetic Methods : 2. Release of Nutrients Affected by the Permeability of Water Vapor through Coating Material
    Arata KOBAYASHI, Eiji FUJISAWA, Tomoji HANYUU
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 14-22
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_14
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    We studied the release of nutrients from several resin-coated fertilizers as well as the effect of water behavior on the releasing processes. Five coated fertilizers were used ; i. e., three kinds of thermoplastic resin-coated urea (TPU) having different releasing patterns, i. e., exponential or sigmoidal, and two kinds of thermosetting resin-coated urea (TSU) having sigmoidal releasing patterns. The data were fitted to the reaction model proposed by ISHIBASHI et al. (1992) with a slight modification. 1) The nutrient release patterns of five resin-coated fertilizers obeyed the first-order reaction model with a parameter of t_<au> to correct for the initial lag-period. Zero was given to the t_<au> for the coated urea having an exponential release pattern. 2) To initiate the release of nutrients, certain amounts of water were needed to permeate into the coated fertilizers, and TSU needed more water to permeate than TPU. 3) There was no major differences in the mechanisms involved in the release between the TPU with the exponential releasing pattern and the TPUs having the sigmoidal releasing pattern. Delay in the release from the sigmoidal-type TPU was due to its greater water requirement to start the nutrient release compared to the exponential-type TPU. Accordingly, the initial lag-period was always dependent on the temperature. 4) As the coatings of the TSU were more flexible than those of the TPU, the internal pressure in the TSU granules, caused by permeating water, was alleviated by the expansion in volumes of the granules. The flexibility and the expansion caused the delay of the release (the lag-period), were also dependent on the temperature.
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  • Degradation of Storage Starch in Tulip Bulb Scales Induced by Cold Temperature
    Satoshi KOMIYAMA, Takuya YAMAZAKI, Emi HORI, Yukiko SHIDA, Akinobu MUR ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_23
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    The effects of cold temperature on the activity of α-amylase and on carbohydrate composition were investigated in the bulb scales of tulip plants (Tulipa gesneriana). Some bulbs were stored at 15℃ for 3 weeks from August 30, 1991, and subsequently at 2℃ for 8 weeks. Another group of control bulbs was stored at room temperature during the same period. Both groups of bulbs were planted in a green house at about 20℃ from October 30, 1991. The α-amylase activity in cold-stored bulb scales increased gradually during the cold-storage period and the degradation of starch and the concomitant accumulation of sucrose and fructans were observed. After planting, the α-amylase activity of cold-treated bulbs increased dramatically and the degradation of starch was accelerated. On the other hand, the α-amylase activity also increased in control bulbs, although starch degradation did not occur. After separated by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis, α-amylase isozyme patterns were compared between cold-treated and control bulbs. The same two a-amylase isozymes occurred in bulbs receiving both treatments during the cold storage period. Starch was stained with iodine solution and the distribution of starch in the scales was observed microscopically. In control bulb scales, no starch was observed in the few cell layers immediately below the epidermis, but starch granules were filled in the inner cells. In cold-treated bulb scales, some inner cells lost their starch granules. By in situ observation of α-amylase activity by starch-film method and by the separate measurement of α-amylase activity in the outer and inner cells of scales, it was suggested that outer cells without starch contained higher activity of α-amylase both in control and cold-treated bulbs. The activity was also detected in the inner cells of cold-treated bulbs, but not in the inner cells of the control bulbs. Based on the results obtained, it was suggested that low temperature treatment induces α-amylase activity in inner cells which store a large amount of starch. Although control bulb scales also had high α-amylase activity, it was restricted to a few layers of outer cells and did not occur in the inner cells.
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  • Estimation of the Gravelly Layer's Depth in Upland Soil Using Landsat TM Data
    Tetsuya HATANAKA, Akira NISHIMUNE, Michikazu FUKUHARA, Rikiya NIRA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 30-36
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_30
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    Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, collected in May 1984 and 1985, was used to estimate and map the gravelly layer's depth in upland soil. The values from the gravelly layer measured at 30 upland-soil locations in the study area (southern part of Tokachi district) were used for regression analysis with TM spectral data consisting of seven bands. It was found that band 2, band 4, band 5 and band 7 could be used effectively for estimating the gravelly layer's depth in upland-soil ; the respective correlation coefficient was higher in 1985 than that in 1984. This relationship was confirmed at 12 upland-soil locations in an area different (northern part of Tokachi) from the study area, where the correlation coefficient was 0.995 between estimated values and measured values. Therefore, the following experimental equation was obtained, using the values from the gravelly layer at 42 locations, and used for mapping the gravelly layer's depth in upland soil in the Tokachi district : Y=4.565TM2_<85>-5.754TM4_<85>+6.265TM5_<85>-6.417TM7_<85>-126.85(R=0.972, R^2=0.944, N=42). Where, Y is the gravelly layer's depth (cm) in upland soil and TM2_<85>, TM4_<85>, TM5_<85> and TM7_<85> are CCT (computer-compatible tape) counts of band 2, band 4, band 5 and band 7 in 1985, respectively. The gravelly layer's depth was divided into six levels for mapping (0.25-7.5 cm, 7.6-15.0 cm, 15.2-25.0 cm, 25.2-35.0 cm, 35.2-45.0 cm, 45.2cm-).
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  • Composition of Phenolic Compounds, Fatty Acids and Sterols in Peatland Plants
    Kiyoshi TSUTSUKI, Renzo KONDO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_37
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    Compositions of phenolic compounds derived from lignin, fatty acids and sterols in peatland plants were investigated to furnish the fundamental data on their influence on the organic composition of peat. Twenty-four plant materials consisting of 13 different plant species were used in this study. Composition of phenolic compounds differed remarkably between grasses, woods, fern, and sphagnumo Fatty-acid composition also differed considerably among different plants. Phragmites was rich in arachidic acid (C20) and Moliniopsis was rich in stearic acid (C18). These features are presumed to be good indicators for low-moor and transitional-moor peat, respectively. On the other hand, Sphagnum was rich in palmitic acid (C16) and unsaturated fatty acids with carbon number 18. Sterols of peatland plants were composed mainly from β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, Sphagnum was different from other plant in its high proportion of stigmasterol.
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  • Composition of Hydrolyzable Neutral Saccharides in Peatland Plants
    Kiyoshi TSUTSUKI, Renzo KONDO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 45-51
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_45
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    Compositions of hydrolyzable neutral saccharides in peatland plants were investigated to clarify their influence on the saccharide composition of peat. Twenty-four plant materials consisting of 13 different plant species were used in this study. Composition of hydrolyzable saccharides differed remarkably between grasses, woods, fern, and sphagnum. In particular, composition of minor/medium constituents, such as rhamnose, fucose, galactose, and mannose in hemicellulosic saccharides as well as mannose and xylose in cellulosic saccharides, differed considerably according to the classification of plants. Proportions of hemicellulosic fucose, rhamnose, galactose, and mannose were very high in Sphagnum but very low in Graminese grasses. Ranges of the relative proportions of these saccharides in Cyperaceae grasses, angiosperm woods, Osmunda (Cinnamon Fern) were different than those in Gramineae grasses and Sphagnum Spp. Proportion of mannose in cellulosic saccharides decreased in the order : Osrnunda>Sphagnum>angiosperm woods>Cyperaceae grasses>Grarnineae grasses, while that of xylose increased in the opposite order.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 51-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_51
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  • Identification of Abscisic Acid by LC/MS System and Rapid Determination of the Abscisic Acid Concentration in Soybean Seeds Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
    Norikuni OHTAKE, Shinya YAMADA, Takuji OHYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 52-58
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_52
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    Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the photohormones related to plant metabolism, development and senescence. For determination of ABA, tritium- or deuterium-labeled ABA has been used as an internal standard, because incomplete recovery was expected in the extraction and purification procedures. The simple purification method was applied for the determination of ABA concentration in soybean seeds without any internal standard. The soybean seeds were extracted with methanol including 2.6-di-tert-butyl-p-crezol as an antioxidant. After methanol was evaporated to dryness, the residue was redissolved in water, and the impurities in the solution were removed by mini column of octadecylsilane (C 18). The ABA was quantitatively recovered from the column and ABA gave a single UV peak by high performance liquid chromatography with a SIL 5-B column. The identification of ABA was done by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) system. The mass spectrum of standard ABA and the peak with the same retention time from soybean seeds gave the similar fragmentation patterns with various voltages of ionization. Also, the values obtained by mass spectrum with 263 m/z, a major peak of ABA and those by UV absorbancy, showed the same concentrations. UV spectrum of standard ABA and isolated ABA fraction from LC showed the same curve. From these results, the ABA concentration in soybean seeds can be analyzed simply by partial purification with a C 18 mini-column and analyzed by HPLC with UV detecter without an internal standard. The LC/MS system is very useful to identify the LC peak and to detectimpurities in the ABA fraction. ABA concentration change in seeds was compared in two isogenic lines, nodulated T 202 and non-nodulated T 201, grown in a rotated paddy field of Niigata Agricultural Station during seed development. In the early stage of seeds development (September 1, 1993), the ABA concentration of T202 seeds was initially higher and then decreased, while that of T201 seeds remained high in the middle stage of seeds development (September 22, 1993). The differential changes in the ABA concentration of seeds may influence nitrogen nutrition of plants or seed storage protein accumulation.
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  • Application of Nitrate Determination by CATALDO to Water Analysis
    Katsuhiko ITAMI, Yasuo KITAGAWA, Yoshiteru MORI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 59-60
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_59
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  • Simple Extraction Method for Measuring Exchangeable Cations in Soils That Is Not Required Measuring Cation Exchange Capacity
    Kunihiko KAMEWADA, Kadzuyuki SHIBATA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_61
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  • Sterility in Two-Rowed Barley Due to Boron Deficiency
    Keiko INOUE, Tomizou YAMAMOTO, Isao KOUYA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 65-68
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_65
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  • Progress and Prospect of the Research on Paddy Soil Management under Various Rice Growing System. : 3. Soil Management and Fertilization Method for Non-Tillage Rice Culture
    Yoshihiro KANETA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_69
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 74-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_74
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  • Molecular Biology of Nitrogen Nutrition in Plants. 3. : Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis
    Hitoshi SAKAKIBARA, Tatsuo SUGIYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_75
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  • 6th International Conference on the Conservation and Management of Lakes-Kasumigaura '95-
    Toshio TABUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 81-84
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_81
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 85-91
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_85
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 92-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_92_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 92-95
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_92_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 96-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_96
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 97-102
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_97
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_Cover3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: February 05, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.68.1_Cover4
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