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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
App1-
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M. NISHIO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
243-246
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M. FUKUHARA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
247-250
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H. MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
251-254
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A. KATAYAMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
255-256
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H. KATOU
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
257-258
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H. SUMIDA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
259-260
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H. HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
261-262
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H. YAMASAKI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
263-264
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Katsuhiro INOUE, Norio YOKOTA, Hiroshi MURAI, Naotoshi KUMAGAI, Jyun M ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
265-274
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The water qualities of rainwaters under tree crown and stem flow waters of the natural closed beech (Fagus crenata) and the man-made Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stands and of the rainwater in adjacent open plot were studied in the foot of Mt. Fuji from Jun. 22 to Dec. 6, 1989. The rain fall under tree crown and the stem flow rainfall were about 68% and 9% for the beech stands and about 65% and 4% for Japanese cypress stands, respectively. About 53% of the open plot rainwaters were an acid rain. The enrichment factors (E) of SO_4^<2-> and NO_3^- + NH_4^+ in the open plot rainwater to Na^+ in seawater were 5.7 and 18442, respectively, indicating their industrial origin. The E values of Ca^<2+> and K^+ were 14.0 and 20.1, respectively, suggesting that Ca^<2+> was Asian long-range eolian dust origin and K^+ was an exudate from the trees. Mg^<2+> and Cl^- having E values of 0.9 and 1.0, respectively, were dominantly sea water origin. The rainwater under tree crown and the stem flow water of the beech stands were characterized by the increase of Ca^<2+> and K^+, but the decrease of H^+. The rainwater under tree crown and the stem flow water of Japanese cypress were characterized by low pH, suggesting that organic acids were exuded from Japanese cypress. The nutrient balance, the difference between the concentration of chemical species in the open plot rain water and their concentrations in the rain water under tree crown and the stem flow water, suggested that NO_3^- and NH_4^+ were partly absorbed as a nutrient by these trees. The pH value of percolation waters collected from 20 cm, 40 cm, and 70-80 cm depth ranged from 6.8 to 7.1 and the percolation water was characterized by a considerable amount of Na^+ and Ca^<2+>. These bases were extracted from a basaltic volcanic ash or scoria in Mt. Fuji. Our results reveal that a beech tree and basaltic volcanic ash have neutralization capacities to acid rain, but Japanese cypress promotes an acidification of their rainwater under tree crown and their stem flow water.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
274-
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Shinjiro KANAZAWA, Yasuyuki OSHIMA, Yasuo TAKAI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
275-280
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The litter was taken, by using a litter-trap, from the subalpine coniferous forest of the Mt. Shiga IBP area in Central Japan. The litter was separated into leaves, branches and bark of Tsuga diversi-folia, a coniferous tree, and Betula ermari, a broadleaf tree, and feces. Organic components and chlorophyll-type compounds in each fraction were characterized by using the modified method of proximate analysis of Waksman and by analysis of chlorophyll. The following results were obtained. (1) The characteristics of the organic matter in the litter of the coniferous tree are related to those of the Pwh soil type. On the other hand, those of the broadleaf tree are not related to those of the B_D soil type, that is, the polysaccharide and hemicellulose contents in the B_D soil type increased remarkably in comparison with that in the litter or the broadleaf tree. The result suggests that the decomposition processes of the litter and the accumulation processes of organic components in Pwh and B_D soil types differ in a striking way. (2) The amount of each organic component and chlorophyll in the feces of fauna appeared remarkably similar to the dark brown pellets in the organic horizon. It was clear that a part of the dark brown pellets originated from the feces of fauna. This result suggests that during the early period after incorporation of the litter into the organic horizon, the decomposition processes of the litter have two results : namely, in one way, litter may undergo the degeneration and minuteness, keeping the original form of plant debris ; and in another way, litter may first change from plant debris to feces of fauna, and then undergo the degeneration and minuteness. (3) The amount of each organic compound in the annual litter fall can be roughly estimated at 422 kg for lipids, 467 kg for polysaccharide, 434 kg for hemicellulose, 348 kg for lignin and 58 kg for proteins on the base of ha, respectively.
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Yukihiro TAMURA, Masasi UWASAWA, Takehiko TAKAYA, Makoto TAKEUTI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
281-288
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1) in the harvesting stage, the relationship of stems weight and the weight ratio of pods (seeds and podshells) in total weight was negative linear regression. And in the stage of topmost leaf expanding, the relationship of stems weight and the weight ratio of leaves (leaves and petioles) in stems and leaves weight showed negative linear regression. 2) With the abovere lationship, we formulated the equations that calculate total weight and pods yield with stems weight in the harvesting stage, and leaves weight with stems weight in the stage of topmost leaf expanding. 3) With the above equation, we can calculate the maximum weight of pods yield and leaves. 4) It was shown that the transition of stems weight could be inferred from the relationship of stems weight in the flowering stage and the stage of topmost leaf expanding. 5) The yield of soybean was severely influenced with the meteorological condition. 6) It was clear that the constants of the above equation, the maximum yield and the maximum weight of leaves were dependent upon the meteorological condition in a specific period, but not dependent upon the temperature summation and the total amount of insolation in a cultivation period. 7) It was necessary for the high yield of soybean to obtain 100-150 kg/10 a weight of stems. But it is clarified that this weight of stems could not always be obtained with the meteorological condition.
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Hiroaki SUMIDA, Kazuhiko YAMAMOTO, Yasuaki MATSUZAKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
289-295
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Effect of decomposition of city refuse compost on periodical changes of amino acids in soils were investigated accompanying with mineralization of nitrogen compounds. City refuse compost was applied to soils (Light-colored Andsol and Brown lowland soil) at the rate of 10 mg as nitrogen per 10 g dry soils in each plot. At the end of each incubation period, contents of amino acids in hot water soluble fraction (F-1) and residual fraction (F-2), and mineralization of nitrogen from city refuse compost were determined. The results obtained were as follows : 1) Two kinds of acidic amino acids (aspartic and glutamic acids) and neutral amino acids such as alanine and glycine were apparently dominant both in original soils and compost. 2) In F-1 fraction, city refuse compost was rich in basic amino acids compared with original soils, and these differences in amino acid composition showed the discrepancies of microflora. 3) Accumulation of amino acids in F-1 and F-2 at the early stage of incubation was more marked in Brown lowland soil compared with in Light-colored Andsol, and this result might be the difference in decomposition of city refuse compost in each soil. 4) In F-1 fraction, the ratios of serine and glycine in total amino acids were increased with the length of incubation period ; these results were also apparent in the mineralization process of nitrogen, especially, in the case of Brown lowland soil. 5) Total amino acid contents in F-2 were markedly high compared to those of F-1 ; however, it is suggested that F-1 was important fraction to investigated decomposition of organic waste and mineralization of nitrogen in soils.
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Satoshi SAWATA, Hidemasa KATO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
296-302
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The amount of nutrients in A_0 horizon and surface mineral layers were examined. The difference in the accumulation of nutrients, especially calcium, was apparent between sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa S. et Z.) stands. 1) The total calcium content in A_0 horizon was increased with the increase in the age of sugi stands especially in the leaf litter of L layer. But such a marked tendency wasn't observed in hinoki stands. 2) In the surface horizon beneath the sugi stands, the total amount of calcium has increased rapidly after 45 years old. A large portion of total calcium was in exchangeable form. 3)the calcium content of the fresh litter and the weight of A_0 horizon in the sugi stands were about two-fold of the hinoki stands ; consequently the total amount of calcium in soil profile under the sugi stands was approximately 3- to 4-fold of that of hinoki stands. 4) The nutrients in the soils of a 65-year-old sugi stand were compared with those of a same years old hinoki stand ; the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the sugi stand were evident, but not in the hinoki stand. This accumulation of calcium in soil was estimated to be approximated by equivalent to the total amounts of litter falls in about 30 years.
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Fuminori KANEKO, Takeshi OHASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
303-311
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The composition of 431 nutrient solutions for hydroponic cultivation of tomato, strawberry, Japanese hornwort and welsh onion were investigated from the standpoint of forming of calcium phosphate precipitation. The results were summarized as follows. 1) There were 23 nutrient solutions which had precipitation. These nutrient solutions had a higher value of electric conductivity, concentration of P, Ca, Mg, Fe and B than the other nutrient solutions which had not precipitation. 2) The composition of the precipitations in nutrient solutions were identified as brushite(CaHPO_4・2H_2O, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) by using X-ray diffraction. 3) From the results if calculations of p(HPO_4^<2->) and p(Ca^<2+>) in nutrient solutions for hydropinic cultivation which were used by farmers, 16% of 431 nutrient solutions were supersaturated with equilibrium condition of brushite, but none of them were undersaturation with gypsum.
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Fuminori KANEKO, Takeshi OHASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
312-318
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The preventive measures of calcium phosphate precipitation in nutrient solution for hydroponic cultivation were discussed as follows. The formation period, the pH an ion strength which precipitate calcium phosphates (CaHPO_4・2H_2O : brushite ; CaHPO_4 : monetite ; Ca_8H_2(PO_4)_6・5H_2O : OCP) in the Japanese standard solution which is typical composition in Japan were examined. The nutrient solutions were prepared pH 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2 and 7.4 by addition of KOH and ion strength values from 0.023 to 0.045 by addition of KNO_3. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The precipitation of calcium phosphate and more than 80% of appended Mn was complete in the period of 24 hours after the set up of the condition of nutrient solution in which pH was 7.4 and ion strength was 0.040. 2) The precipitation of calcium phosphate was dependent upon pH, p(HPO_4^<2->) and p(Ca^<2+>) of nutrient solution and was found above the condition of nutrient solutions in which pH was 6.6, p(HPO_4^<2->) was 3.91 and p(Ca^<2+>) was 2.70. 3) From the discussion on the calculations of thermodynamic condition of solubility equilibrium of calcium phosphate in Japanese standard solution, brushite, monetite, and OCP precipitated above pH 6.8, 6.6, 6.4, respectively. 4) The preventive measure of calcium phosphate precipitation in nutrient solution for hydroponic cultivation were considered that the pH of nutrient solution was maintained under pH 6.4.
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Ritus YAMANAKA, Mika SAKATA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
319-324
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Hiromichi YAMAZAKI, Tuguo HOSHINA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
325-328
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Toshiro MATSUNAGA, Masashi UWASAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
329-331
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Kazuhisa HASEGAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
332-337
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Yoshihiko TAKAHASHI, Toshiaki. CHINUSHI, Tomio NAKANO, Takuji OHYAMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
338-340
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Kisaburo SAMUKAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
341-343
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Yoichi UEHARA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
344-349
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
350-
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
351-359
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
360-361
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages
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