This is part of paper concerning the residental sites of Japanese farm house. In the building structure of farm houses, there are two distribution features in Japan: in the south-western provinces, a dwelling house is generally of small size, but has many affiliated facilities and other various faculties, according the design of peasant farming-life and they are dispersed in each construction. In the north-eastern provinces, however, farm houses are bigger, compared with the formers and all kinds of functions are agglomerated in the main house-particular attention is given to snowy and cold areas. In the former district, there is less disposition to accept social class distinctions among the inhabitants. On the other hand, in the latter area, constructions attached to the farm-house of a poor landed peasant are small in number. It is a matter of general knowledge that wealthy farmers have sufficient establishments on their premises, and their constructions are arranged on the place, in order that they may easily get into communication with the main house, on account of family affairs. In spite of these distinctions, there is little difference between the peasantry and the wealthy farmer, because sheds for field work in farming areas extend on a large scale in each farm. This is a result of farm-land reform, a favorable aspect of rural economy and mechanized farming since the end of the war.
In districts along the Japan Sea coast, the main house is the nucleus of the arrangement of construction. In contrast with the district, the front yard centers on the Pacific sea board of Japan. The difference of arable areas in farming, caused by the climatic character, is probably due to the farming job and the stage of the farmers' activity in everyday life.
On the grounds of a farm house and its constructional arrangement, local features are formed through the influence of seasonal winds in winter and typhoons in summer. The physiognomy of a house that has an abhorrence of the north-eastern wind, as in China, has no effect on them beyond expections. Owing to the development of agricultural techniques, the structure of construction underwent a conspicuous change in farm house which were carrying on rice crop and sericulture in the thirty year span, 1900-1930. It was the formative period of a local definite type. In addition to this, the family system exerts a far-reaching influence upon constructions, too.

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Cult-groups, called Miyaza, were constituted so that specified protégés of a tutelary deity might take part in religious services as diviners in the feudal age (12-19 Cent.). In rural communities they had held an important position. Miyaza is not merely the object of such studies as religion, politics, or sociology, but also of cultural history, social education, economics, and geography of Japan.
Viewed in the whole country, the Miyaza cult-groups show a geographical distribution centering around Kinki region in rural villages of western Japan. Especially, in the Izumi district, Kinki, these groups are even now distributed extensively in the cities, towns, and villages. According to findings that investigated in detail by using records and carrying out surveys of habitual practices, these cultgroups have some local groups for the convenience of religious services of shrines in each village; the management of cult-groups is called Miyaza. Families affiliated with these groups are under the rule of the Miyaza at the village shrine belonging to the subordinate structure, and besides the villagers together with some other neighbouring villagers form a “Miyaza” area. Superstructure was composed of every individual villages (Miyaza villages), cult-groups called Miyaza formed dual structure. And then the district shrine was made up of villages of this kind.
How did the combining of a village with other villages called Miyaza come to be formed? Historical records concerning the question are limited. When a pilgrimage to the Kumano was being made, about 10 to 12 Cent., tradition says that the people there rendered service, patrol, pelicing, and guarding to its visit from the villages along the Oguri Roads; such organized groups were called Miyaza. The area of Miyaza is about the same as villages under a clan community where, about 5 to 7 Cent., a powerful clan had established their own patron deity of the place, and performed religious services in those days; for example: the “Go”, administrative division unit in ancient times, district in the era of Ritsuryo institution codes of laws and ethics from 7 to 11 Cent.; the district in the period of manor system from 12 to 15 Cent., and the village area, in the era of the Go village system, from 15 to 17 Cent. In the Shoen manor institution period, a district shrine was set up. People in the manor villages got Miyaza cult-groups together from district shrines, and carried on a religious service. After that, some shrines were gradually built up in the manor villages, and each of them had other smaller Miyaza cult-groups. Such being the case, in Miyaza, the existence of double structure is recognized and as a result of the circumstances the Miyaza cult-group system is kept still in partnership with neighbouring villages. Even villages in 17 to 19 Cent., clearly subsisted on these traditional practices. Through the cult-group system called Miyaza, the religious combination of villages was brought forth as an area under a single authority for a long time, and a community consciousness that the natives were the protégés of a tutelary deity in the same shrine had grown up.

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The author, having investigated geographically the first subcontract plants of the Daihatsu Manufacturing Company, of Ikeda City, Hanshin District, has made here a summary of various findings. Data for investigation of the second and the third subcontracted works, however, are undergoing a searching examination.
Regarding the distribution of subcontract plants, the formulas such as mean value x=x₁+x₂+……+x_N=1/NN∑x_i,
dispersion S²=(x₁-x)²+(x₂-x)²+……+(x_N-x)²/N=1/NN∑(x_i-x)²,
standard deviation S=√S²
were provided for. As a result of the geographical situation where the city of Ikeda stands, these formulas were not useful in illustration of the distribution structure in the subcontract factories. So, by using the dependence and subordination between the Daihatsu assembly plant and the plants of orders as a classification indicator, the plants designated for construction were distinguished from the other general factories of the same kind. They formed a connection with the Daihatsu, Manufacturers of vehicles, have two accumulation areas: one is an automobile manufacturing plant area on Higashi yodogawa-Ku, where machine tools and molding business relations are distributed: the other is an area in Taisho, Higashinari and Ikuno-Ku where the riveting and the plating business is distributed 24km. from the parent company through autoroads.
As might have been expected, at present, it had not been taken account that all kinds of profits would be arising among their subcontract plants from factory interrelationship because of the accumulation areas. Because of their small sum of capital industrialists of medium, small and smaller enterprises are obliged to be engaged in the subcontracted works, And especially, it must be emphasized, in the subcontracted works of rivet business, this subordinate relation is as clear as daylight. Thus the co-existence comes between the subcontracted works and the wholesale trades. The consequence is that these works have a defective competition with one another and with the wholesale trade.
In the distribution of subcontract plants, in machine business relations, three striped zones are forming in the Hanshin District; they are (1) area of smaller capital plants distributing within 10 kilometer zone from the Daihatsu parent company; (2) mixed zone with smaller, small, and medium capital plants in 10-25 kilometers; and (3) zone of medium capital plants distributing on 25 kilometers and over.
Establishments of the molding business relations are selected in proportion to the distribution numbers observed on the other general molding factories of the same nature which have no connection with the Daihatsu assembly plant. However, we could not make a survey of these kinds of the molding business plants in and around Ikeda City. Each establishment of subcontracted works forms a part of the parent company, in the point of assembling business. As a rule, the choice of the subcontract plants in each outside product is prevalent and popular by the initiative of the parent company, but there are exception in some cases. The limitations of growth in the subcontract industries are brought about according to the integrated expense and technical achievement. Continuous order business relations with the parent company, which do not have any guarantee for its subcontract plants, retarded the accumulation of the subcontract plants toward the neighbor of Ikeda City.

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