巻号一覧
2 巻, 3 号
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須藤 賢1950 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 1-11,94
発行日: 1950/07/30
公開日: 2009/04/28
ジャーナル フリーUrban communities on the Grand Canal consist of cities surrounded with ramparts, and slender and long streets formed along the coasts of the canal. Those cities in North China, are formed artificially and comparatively regular rectangles, while in Yangtze Delta their forms are made irregular hindered by creeks.
In North China canals surrounding the cities mean moats and their main use is the defence of the cities, but in Yangtze Delta those creeks are for water transportation, irrigation and for everyday life. In the cities of North China waterways are not often seen. But in Yangtze Delta the cities have many waterways which play an important part in transportation and in other daily activities of the people.
The scale of the towns of those long streets along the coasts of the canal depends upon the parts those towns play in transportation. In North China the farther the towns are situated from the walled cities, the less thriving are they, and that is also the case with Yangtze Delta, where, however, at the foot of a bridge of the canal those towns regain their activities.
A phenomenon common to the north and south of the Yangtze is Su Ho Ton (Blind Alleys), which seem not to have been made purposely for the befence of the cities but to have been born spontaneously.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1202K) -
田中 豊治1950 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 12-25,94
発行日: 1950/07/30
公開日: 2009/04/28
ジャーナル フリー1. In mountain villages great owners of forests are also main owners of arable land. As the forests are still in the possession of those great landlords and not yet distributed among the poor peasants, feudal control of landlords over the peasants still remains. Without the Re-distribution of forests there is no complete agricultural Reformation. The author shows the real state of things in several districts.
2. The San-in District.
The larger area of forests a village has the stronger the remains of feudal tenant system is there, which imposes upon tenant-farmers overwork and high rent. The prosperity of Japan's capitalism has involved such miserable lives of peasants.
3. The Southern Ou District. In this district also, the larger area of land and forests a landlord has. He is generally the owner of the larger farm land. This is the fundamental condition for the maintenance of nago (boss of village) system, since the farmers need forests as a source of manure, fuel, and timber.
4. The Kiso valley
The forests are in the possession of the Imperial Household. The forests here supply manure and forage.
5. Oki Island.
Pastures here are owned by individuals but have been offered for common use for the villagers. But as stress has been laid on the management by the individual farmers, this system has stood on the verge of ruin. The problem here is different from those of other districts.
6. and 7. If landlords are left to possess large area of forests, feudalism will remain in the villages, and capitalistic aggression will come out. The poor peasants, who have become independent as the result of Re-distribution of farm land, still needs forests to be distributed among them, before the democratization of the villages are really possible, since without forests agriculture and stock-raising would be incomplete.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1525K) -
氷期における東北アジアの復原的な一仮設川喜田 二郎1950 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 25-36,96
発行日: 1950/07/30
公開日: 2009/04/28
ジャーナル フリーEastern Siberia maintains an unique position in Boreal Forest as deciduous coniferous forest. It adapts to the dry and cold winter climate, and Larix spruce represents its characteritics so well. Here, also, there is no evidence of continental glaciers in the past, but permanent tundra exists in place of glaciers. Its main part seems to us as the product of diluvial deposits. From many points of view, the condition of formation is contradictory between glacier and tundra. If the glacial period of diluvium corresponds with the growth period of tundra, both would have maintained their influential spheres separately, without changing their mutual geographical orientation. If each formation periods differ, permanent tundra would due much to the second inter glacier period. In either case, Eastern Siberia experienced no great change since diluvium, but most flourishing period of tundra formation would be coinside with spreading period of loess accumulation and inland basin in southern part of continent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1268K) -
高田年野東北部の研究第3報籠瀬 良明1950 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 36-47,96
発行日: 1950/07/30
公開日: 2009/04/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the plain of Takada can be traced an old watercourse of the Hokura about five kilometers in length. What characterize this old watercourse are free meandering and natural banks, running on both sides of it and higher than the level by one meter or two with fields and hamlets on them. A long succession of fine paddy-fields stretehes on this old course of the river, which were brought under cultivation in middle ages. (Especially, it is the case with the lower course of the river.)
In the article two of those examples, Matsuhashi and Funatsu in the village of Honda are dealt.
[The author made a lecture on other such examples, Honda-Enokii and Katatsu, at the autumnal meeting of Association of Japanese Geographers last year, and explained why the region should be supposed to have been cultivated in Middle Ages, also explaining its characteristics. The details are to be mentioned in next number.]抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1305K) -
米國の場合小林 博1950 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 47-59,97
発行日: 1950/07/30
公開日: 2009/04/28
ジャーナル フリー1. We might see that there is a close relation between the numbers of satellite cities and the population of metropolitan areas. That is: the population of metro politan areas which have more than 30 satellite cities is, in almost all cases, more than 500, 000, but when they have less than 500, 000 population, the number of satellite cities decrease decidedly.
2. If we make concentric circles, every radius of which being 10km. from the city center, we can see three types of the distribution of satellite cities: (1) in the 1st type satellite cities are mostly seen in the first circle and (2) in the second type they are mostly seen in the second circle and (3) in the third type they are mostly seen in the third circle. As for the feature of their distribution to line-type, radius-type and plane-type can be seen. Land-form, the age in which they grew and paticularly the development of the communication facilities can be considered as the cause of these several types.
3. In the formation of satellite cities we find two types: one is what has developed from the historical city which has a core in it, the other is what has grown to such without any historical traditions. The former is freguently is the interdependent relation with central city, while the latter is formed in the process of decentralization.
4. Group cities are to be seen mostly in the Northeast. Its central cities are situated on a transportation center which have large hinterland or forland, and in the vicinity have an important productive areas. They are the center of industry as well as the center of economy.
On the other hand group cities which have less than 20, have chiefly industrial function only. The funcion of satellite cities is dominantly industrial or domestic, and the other function is few. In conclusion, group cities are a great organic fabication which have metropolitan city as a center.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1270K)
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