The purpose of the present paper is to investigate what influences Matteo Ricci's world maps had in the culture of Korea, which was the closest to China among the countries in the Chinese cultural sphere.
In the Li-Cho period of Korea, there were some fanciful world maps in Shan-Hai-Ching style, called T'yon-Ha To or T'yon-Ha Ch'one-To. On the other hand, early in the 15th century they also had world maps, which describes the entire world already, known to the Chinese of the day with a supplement of a detailed map of Korea (They even show their in acquaintances wich Islamic geographical knowledges.).
The Li-Cho dispached envoys to China every year, who imported new things from China in a comparatively short time. It is probable that Matteo Ricci's world map in Chinese translation reached Korea already in the next year of its publication. Futhermore, we have in Korea the sole existent copy of the Lian-I Hsuan-Lan Tu, which was published by Li Ying-Shih in the next year following the publication of the best edition of Ricci's Kun-Yü Wan-Kuo Chúan-Tu and has almost the same geographical content with the latter, the main difference among them being their divisions into parts. It was a group of positivistic scholars (Si-Hak P'yo) aiming even at social reformations who accepted not only Ricci's world maps but also other things introduced by Western missionaries. Although those scholars had made extensive study of their own country, Korea, their scope for the world was naturally limited.
The acceptance of Richi's maps, however, made it possible for them to extend their geographical knowledge beyond the already-known world, namely, as far as Europe, Africa and the new continents. There is evidence to show that they even knew the holiocentric theory by the latter half of the 18th century. They compiled an encyclopedia and incorporated into it their positivistic scholarship, including the geographical knowledge of the world. Although the Chinese world maps, based on such European knowledge as mentioned above, gave a new impulse to the rise of the modern Korean thought, it could not attain its full development because of the immaturity of historical and social conditions. As another reason for this unsuccessful development we might take account of the limitations of the positivistic scholars who could not go beyond confucianism. Thus, the acceptance of Ricci's world maps on Korea, unlike the case with Japan, ended without their wider diffusion and the maps passed in disuse, following the same course as in China after the middle of the Ching dynasty. just like the T'yon-Ha To in the Li-Cho period, Ricci's world maps were accepted in Korea, as one of the cultural overflows from China, and so they shared the same fate as in its mother-land, China.

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This paper comprises an investigation as to what kind of industries have a possibility of being located on the so-called ‘suitable factory sites’ (the lots which the Ministry of International Trade and Industry selected for industrial utilization, in conformity with the law enacted in March, 1959, in regard to the survey of factory location). The area chosen for the present research is the Chukyo district covering three prefectures called Aichi, Mie and Gifu (Fig. 1)
In order to promote a study of this kind, it should be clarified, first of all, a land under what conditions the individual branch of industry finds appropriate. As to this question, our last research work, though not sufficient, can be made use of (H. Iseki & K. Ito, “A Study of conditions Governing the Selection of Factory Location in Minor Group Industries, ” The Human Geography, 18-3, 1966).
Therefore, the present study is to examine mainly to what extent and in what form each of the ‘suitable factory sites’ possesses such location conditions for minor group industries as shown in the results of our last investigation, and further, is to collate the new results with those of the last survey.
To put this more concretely;
(1) On the two bases of the type of location conditions used in the last survey (i.e., road, railroad, port, proximity to cities, industrial water supply, electric power, drainage availability, load carrying capacity or stability of land, price of land, location of resources, availability of related enterprises, labor force supply, commutation facilities) and of the degree to which each of the conditions is required in terms of its quality and quantity, the definite nature and location of each suitable factory site were arranged, and the location conditions, respectively valued, were classified into several stereotypes (Tab. 1).
(2) These location conditions stereotyped for each of the suitable sites were compared with a result of the last survey, namely, ‘the figure showing characteristics of the demands for industrial lots, classified by minor group industries, ’ and the types of industry favorable to each site were selected (Tab. 2).

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It seems to the present writer that the regional concept in the field of geography has remarkably developed in the recent 20 years. In Japan, however, there are not so many studies made on the formation and development process of nodal regions. The purpose of this study consists in reconstructing the process through which Tokachi (called Kasai until 1932) Sub-pref ectural Area has become “Tokachi Region.” For this purpose, special attention has been given to the relationship between the nodal region and the uniform one.
The results of this research are summarized as follows.
(1) The agriculture in Tokachi had already been restricted on bean production since around 1900, that is to say, since the beginning of land reclamation in Tokachi. In the circumstances of the bean boom caused by the World War I, Tokachi became a main area of bean production in Hokkaido, and such a status of Tokachi lasted until recently.
(2) This characteristic of agriculture has been almost homogeneous throughout Tokachi, except its coastal area. Therefore it may be concluded that Tokachi Region has assumed a uniform character since the end of the Meiji era (around 1910).
(3) Owing to the fact that the Sub-prefectural Office was established in Obihiro in 1897 and that in 1907 this town was connected by railway to Otaru and Sapporo, both of which were more developed, Obihiro became a dominant center in Tokachi Region. But on the other hand, Moyori (called Hiroo at present) and Ohtsu, historical port settlements, were left behind Obihiro, because they had no railway connections.
(4) With the rapid growth of bean production, Obihiro became a center of the bean circulation, where many wholesalers dealing in fertilizers, agricultural implements and daily necessaries had long lived. Thus, so-called bean brokers emerged in Obihiro, who were in some cases wholesalers of other goods or landowners as well and whose influence was expanded throughout Tokachi. It was through this process that Tokachi Region as a uniform one acquired the nodal character.
(5) The differentiation of central-place hierarchy took place approximately between 1920 and 1935, as a result of the following facts: (a) construction of the railway and establishment of the stations, (b) fixation of the location of town or village offices, (c) differentiation of hierarchy in the agricultural circulation system. This central-place hierarchy has continued to the present time on the whole.
(6) As understood from these facts, Tokachi Region has been not only a uniform region but also a nodal one with its center, Obihiro, and is suitable to the name of “substantial region.”
(7) In this paper, it proved obvious that the role of railway was of great importance to the formation of the. region. At least in such a newly developed district as Hokkaido, where in many cases railway was constructed before colonization, railway stations, together with village offices, often became a historical core of the central place. It is suggested that in such a district the function of the railway was not limited to passenger or goods transportation.
Because of several restrictions, this report is confined to a sample study taking Tokachi Region as its field. Therefore, a general theory concerning with the relations between region formation and central places will only be formulated after studies having been made in other fields and after careful comparisons between those studies and the present one. The writer wishes to make it his prospective subject to form such a theory.

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