人文地理

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Not much later than the termination of the Second World War, the agricultural land reform was conducted in Japan, most of the tenanted lands being forced to be sold to the tenants. At that time salt producing fields were exempted from the reform, remaining in the hands of the field owner who did not themselves produce salt. The year 1971 saw the entire completion of salt field abolishment throughout the country, no tenanted salt fields being to be found at all. How in the course of the time until 1971 were they sold the tenants? And what kind of troubles were heard of in the process of extinction of the salt field tenancy? That is what to be disclosed hereafter in this paper.
The governmental monopoly system of the salt industry in Japan started in 1905, when the salt producing right was directly given to each producer. 86% of the salt fields of those days in Kagawa Prefecture were ones tenanted from the non-salt-making land owners, who restored or tried to restore the land from the tenants running the salt producing themselves around 1920. Disputes between the tenant and the field owner arose, mostly ending in the losing on the former side, especially in Kagawa Pref. This was the 1st epoch. The 2nd, which commenced in 1935, saw a lot of troubles caused by the economical burndens levied upon the tenant in the form of construction expenditure of the rationalized type of a salt factory. The consequence was that almost all the tenancy rights were purchased by the owners, who became owner salt makers. In the areas, other than Kagawa Prefecture, the salt field restoration to the ex-owners took place as well, the percentage of the tenanted field being exceedingly lowered. But Kagawa was one of the most chracteristic regions, where the tenancy right was vehemently resisted in being deprived of, it must be paid attention to.
In the 3rd epoch, around 1950, many land owners who were annoyed by heavy taxation, changed their mind to sell the land to their tenants. The result was a percentage increment of owner salt makers. Actually the tenanted salt fields almost disappeared those days. In and after 1955, salt producing method was converted into a new device, so-called falling down system and it urged the annihilation of tenancy system. This was the 4th and the last epoch, during which land owners made a remarkable concession in transfering one haft of the field for nothing to the tenants. Both ex-owners ran their own salt paddies.

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