The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 2186-5477
Print ISSN : 0368-2781
ISSN-L : 0368-2781
Volume 46, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • KOICHI DEGUCHI, NOZOMI YOKOTA, MASAMI KOGUCHI, YUMIKO SUZUKI, KANAE SU ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 349-363
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to study antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (OFLX), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OFLX were determined against clinical isolates obtaind from ophthalmic institutes all over the country and those isolated and identified from patients with various ocular infections during three years from September 1989 until August 1992, and the results were compared with those of the control drugs. The following results were obtained.
    1. Compared with the reports by others presented from 1984 through 1986, increases were observed for strains with moderate or low susceptibilities to OFLX such as Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Serratia spp., and glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods ((GNF-GNR).
    2. Although incidence of resistance to OFLX increased among the above strains, remarkably low frequencies was observed for the occurrence of highly resistant strains to OFLX with MIC value NF-GNR). 2. Although incidence of resistance to OFLX increased among the above strains, remarkably low frequencies was observed for the occurrence of highly resistant strains to OFLX with MIC value 100μg/ml. 3. The antibacterial spectrum of OFLX covered (G) NF-GNR, and the activity of OFLX was superior to those of aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephems used as the control drugs. 4. Low incidence of highly resistant strains to OFLX and its broad antibacterial spectrum suggested the usefulness of a 0.3% OFLX ophthalmic solution in achieving concentrations exceeding MIC for a prolonged period of time. 100μg/ml.
    3. The antibacterial spectrum of OFLX covered (G) NF-GNR, and the activity of OFLX was superior to those of aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephems used as the control drugs.
    4. Low incidence of highly resistant strains to OFLX and its broad antibacterial spectrum suggested the usefulness of a 0.3% OFLX ophthalmic solution in achieving concentrations exceeding MIC for a prolonged period of time.
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  • AKIHIRO KANEKO, FUMISADA TOMITA, INTETSU KOBAYASHI
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 364-366
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A model with cyclophosphamide-induced leukocytopenic mice was employed to investigate combined effects of each of several antibiotics (sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), ceftazidime, piperacillin and imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS)) with G-CSF on systemic infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ED50's of all the antibiotics except that of SBT/CPZ in these leukocytopenic mice were approximately two-fold higher than those in normal mice. No differences were observed between 2 groups of mice, one administered with G-CSF and the other without G-CSF, hence no additive or synergistic effects were observed between G-CSF and there antibiotics. With SBT/CPZ, however, the G-CSF-administered group showed higher ED50 than the group without G-CSF, and the ED50 of the former group was similar to that of normal mice, thus a synergistic effect was observed between SBT/CPZ and G-CSF.
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  • KAORU NAKAI, TAKESHI TOKUSHIMA, YUTAKA HIROTA, MASAKO NAGAMATSU, KOU T ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 367-373
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Each of 36 patients who underwent trachotomy for removal of malignant or benign tumors or for treatment of pneumothorax was infused with 2g of aspoxicillin (ASPC, Doyle® injection) intravenously over 1-hour period. ASPC concentrations determined at 1 postoperative time-point in tissues of the lung and trachea and in serum of each patient were analyzed pharmacokinetically to elucidate the transfer of ASPC to the thoracic tissues. The preventive effbct of ASPC against postoperative infections was also investigated in 39 trachotomy patients.
    1. The analysis of ASPC concentrations in 36 patients with trachotomy gave the following results;
    1) The peak blood level (about 80μg/ml) was attained at the end of infusion. The serum level then decreased with time to beloyv about 10μg/ml at 6 hours after the start of infusion, with an elimination half-life of about 1.4 hours, which was comparable to that in healthy adults.
    2) Peak levels in the lung and tracheal tissues were achieved at about 30 minutes after the start of infusion, at levels of about 30 and 40μg/g, respectively, which decreased to about 5μg/g in both tissues at 6 hours after the start of infusion.
    2. Thirty nine patients who were treated with ASPC before operation were examined for the preventive effect of ASPC against postoperative infections for 1 week after operation. No postoperative infection was noted in any patients and ASPC was found to be useful for prevention of postoperative infections.
    3. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were noted in any patients.
    Based on the results of the transfer into the tissues of respiratory organs and preventive effect against postoperative infections, we have concluded that ASPC is useful for prevention of infections after thoracic operation.
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  • SATOSHI KITAMURA, KIYOSHI MIYAKAWA, YOSHIHISA WAKABAYASHI, AKIO URABE, ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 374-387
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fluconazole (FLCZ) was administered orally or intravenously to 161 patients with systemic fungal infections complicated with hematological disorders and it was possible to evaluate clinical efficacies in 109 patients. Systemic fungal infections were documented in 48 patients and suspected in 61 patients.
    The overall clinical efficancy rates were 43.8% (21/48) in patients with documented fungal infections, and 55.7% (34/61) in patients with suspected fungal infections. Therefore, the overall clinical efficacy rate was 50.5% (55/109).
    Side effects were observed in 5 patients with an incident rate of 3.1% (5/161), but there was none of them was serious.
    These results indicate that FLCZ is an agent with good potential in treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders.
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  • TAKEO TAKEDA, YOSHIO HATAE, HISAYA NAKADATE, KOZO FUJITA, YUTAKA SUZUK ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 388-396
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A multi-institutional study was conducted between September 1990 and April 1992 to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in severe infections in cases of granulocytopenia in children with hematological diseases and cancers. A total of 60 episodes of infection were treated with the drug, and an overall efficacy rate of 80% (48/60) was obtained. The efficacy rate in patients who were positive for Endospecy test was 90.0%. A group of patients who had previously received other antibiotics showed an efficacy rate of 79.2%, while the patients who had not received previous antibiotic treatment showed an efficacy rate of 80.6%. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically insignificant, however. Granulocyte counts appeared to have influence on the efficacy of the drug, but the influence was not strong. Three patients had nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea, and 2 other patients showed abnormal liver function test parameters though they recovered soon after the cessation of the drug treatment. From these results, we have concluded that IPM/CS is an effective antibiotic for treatment of severe infections with hematological diseases and cancers in children.
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  • IKUHIRO SAKATA, JIRO MARUYAMA, HITOSHI TAKAHASHI, HIDEKI KITAGISHI, MA ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 397-403
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Patients with severe trauma and illness were treated at our critical care medical center. Many of these patients have diabetes, anemia and other underlying conditions which sometimes lead to serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    A clinical study imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was performed at our Medical Center IPM/CS was administered to 30 patients with serious infections. Clinical results were excellent in 11, good in 5, fair in 9 and poor in 5 patients, thus an overall efficacy rate of 53.3% was obtained. Bacteriological efficacy rate was 50% with eradications in 11 cases and decreases in 3 cases out of 28 cases examined. No side effects were observed in any patients.
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  • KEN MORIMOTO, SHUICHI NAKATANI, YASUYUKI SASAKI, HIROAKI KINOSHITA
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 404-410
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A prospective randomized trial was done to study effects of the duration of ofloxacin (OFLX) administration for prophylaxis against mastectomy wound infections. One hundred and seventeen women who were hospitalized, during periods between June 1990 and September 1992 were considered for enrollment in this study. Selected patients were treated with 600 mg of OFLX daily in 3 divided doses starting the day before surgery. One group was treated for 5 days and the other was treated for 10 days. A hundred and ten patients were found eligible to complete the study and 58 patients were assigned to the 5-day group and 52 patients were assigned to the 10-day group by the random-envelope method. Nine episodes of infections occurred among the patients in the 5-day group and 12 episodes of infections occurred among those in the 10-day group. The mean time until onset of infection was not significantly different between the 2 groups (12 versus 8 days). The number of strains isolated from the drainage tube when removed was highly correlated with occurrences of infections, and the number of strains isolated from infected wounds was also highly correlated with the need to use a different antibiotic. By multiple regression analysis, age was the only significant factor identified for wound infection. The duration of OFLX administration had no significant effect on the development of wound infections. Prolonged prophylactic use of this drug for mastectomy did not reduce the incidence of postoperative infections in this study.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 411-420
    Published: May 25, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (942K)
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