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Volume 55 (2002)
- Issue 6 Pages 697-
- Issue 5 Pages 483-
- Issue 4 Pages 345-
- Issue 3 Pages 247-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 55, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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I. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAYUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, HARUMI ENDO, CHIEKO TAMURA, KEIKO JI ...2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 139-153
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (CZOP), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, and penicillins. Fifteen species, 1,062 strains, of Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from January to December, and consisted of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; n=127), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA; n=123), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=104), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=58), Streptococcus pyogenes (n=100), Streptococcus agalactiae (n=50), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=125), Enterococcus faecalis (n=150), Enterococcus faecium (n=50), Enterococcus avium (n=50), and Peptostreptococcus spp.(P. anaerobius, P. asaccharolyticus, P. magnus, P. micros, P. prevotii; n=125). CZOP possessed stable antibacterial activities against all strains tested throughout 5 years. The MIC90 of CZOP against MRSA and S. haemolyticus tended to decrease while against S. pneumoniae and Peptostreptococcus spp., tended to increase year by year. However, the MIC90 just changed a little and were consistent with the results from the studies performed until the new drug application approval. Increases in the MIC90 against S. pneumoniae were also observed with cefpirome (CPR), cefepime (CFPM), flomoxef (FMOX), sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), and imipenem (IPM). Increases in the MIC90 against Peptostreptococcus spp. were also observed with ceftazidime (CAZ), CPR, CFPM, FMOX, SBT/CPZ, and IPM. The decreases in the sensitivities were not always considered to depend upon generation of resistant bacteria because the annual MIC range of each antibacterial agent was almost generally wide every year and the annual sensitivity of each strain to the agents extremely varied.
In conclusion, the annual antibacterial activities of CZOP against the Gram-positive bacteria did not considerably change. It, therefore, was suggested that CZOP had maintained high antibacterial activity during 5 years of post-marketing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
II. GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAYUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, HARUMI ENDO, CHIEKO TAMURA, KEIKO JI ...2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 154-180
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (CZOP), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. Thirty-two species 2,697 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from January to December, and consisted of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis (n=125), Escherichia coli (n=250), Citrobacter freundii (n=153), Citrobacter koseri (n=97), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=150), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=100), Enterobacter aerogenes (n=50), Enterobacter cloacae (n=125), Serratia marcescens (n=153), Proteus mirabillis (n=103), Proteus vulgaris (n=77), Morganella morganii (n=141), Providencia spp.(P. alcalifaciens, P. rettgeri, P. stuartii; n=154), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=211), Pseudomonas putida (n=49), Burkholderia cepacia (n=102), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n=101), Haemophilus influenzae (n=210), Acinetobactor baumannii (n=63), Acinetobactor lwoffii (n=30), Bacteroides fragilis group (B. fragilis, B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron; n=129), and Prevotella spp.(P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, P. bivia, P. oralis, P. denticola; n=124). CZOP possessed stable antibacterial activities against M.(B.) catarrhalis, E. coli, C. freundii, C. koseri, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, M. morganii, Providencia spp., P. aeruginosa, and A. lwoffii throughout 5 years. The MIC90 of CZOP against those strains were consistent with those obtained from the studies performed until the new drug application approval. On the other hand, the MIC90 of CZOP against H. influenzae yearly obviously increased with approximately 65-time difference during study period. The MIC90 of cefpirome, cefepime, and flomoxef against H. influenzae also yearly tended to rise. The present results demonstrated that CZOP had maintained the antibacterial activity against almost Gramnegative strains tested. However, the decrease in the antibacterial activity of CZOP against H. influenzae was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1880K) -
KATSUMI TASAKA, AKITO ISHIDA, TADANOBU CHINZEI2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 181-186
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carbapenem susceptibility of 32 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recently isolated in Kakogawa municipal hospital was investigated. The MIC ranges of imipenem, panipenem, and meropenem were 0.25-16mg/L, 0.5-16mg/L, and <0.03-4mg/L, respectively, and meropenem showed the highest antipseudomonal activity among the three carbapenems tested. In the analysis based on the MIC interpretive standards established by NCCLS, the resistance rates of test strains for imipenem, panipenem, and meropenem were 6.3%, 15.6%, and 0%, respectively. We also investigated the in vitro combined effect of imipenem or meropenem with amikacin against another 20 isolates of P. aeruginosa by checkerboard titration assay. Antagonism (minimum FIC index>2) was not observed in any combinations against all strains tested. Super-additive effects (minimum FIC index<1) in the combination of imipenem and amikacin were observed in eight (40%) strains tested. In contrast, in the combination of meropenem and amikacin, super-additive effects were observed in 14 isolates (70%). These results suggested that meropenem is superior to imipenem in combined effect with amikacin against P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, meropenem showed higher antipseudomonal activities than other carbapenems tested in both conditions, alone and in combination with amikacin. With regard to the clinical efficacy and prevention of antibiotic resistance, meropenem monotherapy or combination therapy with aminoglycoside is the most superior treatment for pseudomonal infections, and the findings in this study suggest that meropenem is still clinically very useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (710K) -
CHIKA ISHII, MASAYO KAKUTA, TOMOMI ABE, TAKASHI FUKUOKA, MATSUHISA INO ...2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 187-195
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rapid bactericidal activities of panipenem (PAPM), imipenem (IPM), and meropenem (MEPM) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by using in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating the human plasma concentrations after intravenous drip infusion at 500mg for 0.5 hours. Against P. aeruginosa PAO1, PAPM and IPM showed rapider reduction in viable cell counts than MEPM at 0.5 hours after exposure. All drugs showed more than 3 log10 reduction in viable cell counts at 2 hours after exposure and bacterial regrowth was not observed throughout 6 hours. The initial bactericidal activities of the drugs against 4 clinical isolates within 1 hour after exposure were also investigated by the same method. Against P. aeruginosa strain 12475, the 3 drugs showed similar initial bactericidal activity but PAPM and IPM showed stronger initial bactericidal activity than MEPM against the other strains as did against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The morphological change of a strain 12489, for which the i itial bactericidal activities were different largely, after 0.5 hours exposure to simulated drugconcentrations was investigated by scanning electron microscope. PAPM and IPM induced morphological changes in most of the cells and cell lysis and bulge formation. On the other hand, MEPM induced changes of the surface structure of cells and slightly elongated cells, but not cell lysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (3558K) -
TETSURO CHIMURA2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 196-202
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the 6 years from May 1995, Chlamydia antibody titers were measured in nonpregnant and pregnant women. In positive patients, changes of the antibody titer during treatment as well as the transplacental passage of antibodies into cord blood were investigated.
1) Chlamydia antibody-positive patients(n=45)received the following therapy and changes of the IgA and IgG antibody titers during treatment were investigated:
Levofloxacin alone at 300 mg/day for 14 days(n=29), additional clarithromycin at 400 mg/day for 14 days(n=10), additional azithromycin at 500 mg/day for 3 days(n=3), clarithromycin alone at 400 mg/day for 14 days(n=3).
These patients were classified into four groups depending on either they were positive for both IgA and IgG(groups A-C)or were only positive for IgA or IgG(group D).
Clearance of antibodies over time tended to be faster for IgA than IgG, but 25/38(65.8%) showed negative for both antibodies after 6 years.
2) Antibody-positive women who were about 16 weeks pregnant(n=61) were treated with clarithromycin(400 mg/day for 14 days)and the cord blood antibody titer was measured at the term of delivery. Cord blood IgA was not detected and IgG was strongly correlated with the maternal blood level(r=0.945).View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
RESULTS OF CLINICAL STUDY OF TAK-751SHIROSHI ITO, TAE TAKEDA, MASATAKA HONDA, TAKASHI IGARASHI, KOSUKE JOH, ...2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 203-227
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBackground; The effective therapy for hemolytic uremic syndrome and encephalopathy caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli have not been established. Great attention has been drawn to the results of the clinical study of TAK-751S, performed in Canada. In Japan, a nationwide clinical study of TAK-751S had been performed since 1997 to investigate the preventive effect on the onset of HUS and the safety.
Methods; TAK-751S was administered in daily doses of 500 mg/kg for one week to 128 pediatric patients with colitis who were suspected of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection.
Results;
1. TAK-751S was confirmed to absorb Shiga toxin (Stx) existing inside the human intestine and to excrete Stx out of the body.
2. The incidence of HUS is 5.9% (4/68) and a tendency to inhibit the onset of HUS was observed as compared with the historical control. The complications of central neuropathy such as encephalopathy were observed in 3 of these patients with HUS.
3. Mild“sweating” and“nausea” were observed. There were 13 mild non-specific abnormalities of laboratory test values in 8 patients.
Conclusions;
From these results, it was clarified that TAK-751S absorbed and removed free Stx in the intestinal tract of pediatric patients with EHEC infection. The test drug could not inhibit the onset of HUS completely, but since HUS occurred within 48 hours after the start of administration in 3 of the 4 patients with onset of HUS, TAK-751S is a safe drug for pediatric patients with EHEC infection in which the preventive effect on HUS and encephalopathy are expected when it can be given from an early stage of the diseases. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of rapid diagnosis of HUS.View full abstractDownload PDF (2908K) -
2002 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 229-245
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (21460K)
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