We tested the drug-susceptibility of 112 strains of Streptococcus prieumoniae isolated from various clinical materials since January 1975 to May 1976, and observed the changes of susceptibility of this pathogen.
All strains tested remained very sensitive to benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine, but 59.8% of strains were resistant to tetracycline and 44.7% to chloramphenicol, and about 90% of chloramphenicolresistant strains were also resistant to tetracycline. The percentage of resistant strains to tetracycline or chloramphenicol is increasing. Cross-resistance between tetracycline and doxycycline or chloramphenicoland thiamphenicol was observed.
On this time we found three strains resistant to macrolides. Two of these strains were resistant to erythromycin, josamycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, mydecamycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, but one was resistant to josamycin, spiramycin, mydecamycin and chloramphenicol.

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Tetracycline is expected to be as effective as erythromycin in the treatment of pneumonia due toMycoplasma pneumoniae. In this clinical trial 12 cases with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniaewere given doxycycline (Vibramycin ‘Pfizer’), a long-acting derivative of tetracycline. Judging from time periods required for defervescence, improvement in symptoms such as cough and disappearance of shadows on chest X-ray, the therapeutic effect of doxycycline was excelletit in 8 cases and good in 4 cases.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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A female adult suffering from fish tape-worm infection was successfully treated with a single oral administration of 4,000mg aminosidine, a paromomycin.
The drug concentration in the segments of the worm removed were as high as 600mg/ml or more, meanwhile, serum level and urinary recovery in the patient were very low.
Consequently, it was presumed that some acute effect, such as neuro-muscular toxicity, of the drug, which was well absorbed into parasite, but ill-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of human, is one of the mode of antihelminthic activity, in this case.

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Transplacental ototoxic effects of BB-K8 on development of inner ear in intrauterine guinea pigs were evaluated by differential frequency pinna reflex test in range of 20kHz to 500Hz and histopathological examination of spiral and vestibular organs in new born guinea pigs from pregnant ones given BB-K8 i.m. during gestation.
Materials and methods: Twenty-five pregnant guinea pigs of the Hartley strain and 63 new-born guinea pigs from the pregnant ones were used in the study. Following antibiotics were given i.m. daily to the 20 pregnant guinea pigs from 7th day of gestation for 56 days. BB-K8 was given at the dose level of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively. Kanamycin (KM) was administered at the dose level of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively. Physiological saline solution (1.0ml/kg) was given i.m. to the pregnant guinea pigs for 56 days. The differential frequency pinna reflex test was performed in the frequency range from 20kHz to 500Hz to determine an extent of frequency of pinna reflex loss. The test was carried out before the start of administration of the antibiotics and once a week during the administration. After the last injection of the antibiotics, intravital perfusion fixation was carried out in the new born animals under anesthesia with nembutal. Histopathological examination was made in celloidin serial sections of the cochlea and vestibulum of the new born animals to observe an extent or degree of hair cell damage.
Results: (1) The differential frequency pinna reflex test revealed that new born guinea pigs from the pregnant ones given BB-K8 and KM respectively at the dose level of 100mg/kg did not show occurrence of pinna reflex loss at any frequency tested. At the dose level of 200mg/kg, BB-K8 did not result in transplacental hearing impairment in new born guinea pigs, but KM caused transplacental pinna reflex loss in the highest frequencies from 20k to 15kHz in 3 of 10 animals.
(2) Histopathological examination detected that unilateral incomplete loss of outer hair cells of the spiral organ confined to the basal end of cochlea was found in 3 of 13 new born guinea pigs from the pregnant ones treated, with BB-K8 (140mg/kg). In the animals, slight damage of hair cells in the vestibular organs occurred in 100%. These hair cell damages were enhanced slightly in the new born guinea pigs from the pregnant ones treated with BB-K8 (200mg/kg) and much more in the new born ones from the pregnant ones treated with KM (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg).
(3) These results suggest that BB-K8 has a mild potency to cause transplacental ototoxic damage in the inner ear of intrauterine guinea pigs within the pregnant ones treated for 56 days (normal gestation period approximately 70 days).

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Clinical investigation with a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin granules was performed with the results which may lead to the following conclusion.
1) Results of clinidal treatment: When midecamycin granules were administrated orally in 31 cases of representative infections in the otorhinolaryngological field, it was excellent in 7 cases, good in 20 cases, fair in one case and poor in 3 cases. When the cases in which it was excellent and good were considered together, good results were obtained in 27 cases, that is a ratio of effectiveness of 87.1 per cent.
2) Side effect: No side effect was shown with the oral administration of midecamycin granules.

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