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Adriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline group with a structural formula very similar to daunomycin, was tested for antitumor activity against ascitic and solid tumors. Its antitumor activity was compared to that of daunomycin, mitomycin C and endoxan. A strong inhibiting effect is exerted by adriamycin on the growth of EHRLICH ascites carcinoma, ascitic Saroma-180, Hepatoma MH-134, Lymphoma 6 C₃HED·OG, Leukemia L-1210 and solid Sarcoma-180. The survival time of treated animals is considerably increased. However, the growth of solid YOSHIDA sarcoma was weakly inhibited.

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Eighty patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with cefazolin (CEZ) and ephaloridine (CER), using a double blind method, and the following results were obtained.
Strains of E.coli isolated from patients were more sensitive to CEZ than to CER.
Disappearance of the organisms in urine of the patients with acute or subacute urinary tract infections was statistically more rapid in the group treated with CEZ than in the group treated with CEK (α=0.01). However, no significant differences were noted between both drugs in clinical effectiveness and relapse rate. The therapeutic effect of CEZ, therefore, proved satisfactory as that of CER.
No adverse reactions were encountered except eruption in each one patient of both groups, who were dropped out in this experiment.
Laboratory examinations were made on peripheral blood figures, liver and renal function before and after therapy, without any abnormalities observed.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Biological aspects (acute toxicity, blood levels, tissue distributions and urinary excretions) of prolinomethyl tetracycline were investigated in mice, rats and dogs. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) The LD₅₀(expressed as mg of tetracycline hydrochrolide/kg) of this preparation by intravenous injection were 114mg/kg in mice and 115mg/kg in rats.
2) In 7-day acute toxicity test all mice treated with prolinomethyl tetracycline preparation (200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection) were survived during full term. However, in the same dose level of pyrrolinomethyl tetracycline preparation only one of ten mice survived.
3) The average percent recovery in urine after 5mg/kg intravenous injection was 66.2% in rats during 30 hours and 43.8% in dogs during 10 hours.
4) The mean peak serum concentration 30 minutes after 5mg/kg of prolinomethyl tetracycline given intravenovsly to 4 female Beagle dogs was 4.9 μg/ml.
5) The lung, liver, spleen and kidney concentrations in rats were determined after 5mg/kg intravenous injection. The peak levels in these tissue found at 30 minutes after administration were 1.2, 7.5, 1.6 and 8.4 μg/g, respectively.
6) The above-mentioned biological observations indicating relatively low toxicity, prolonged blood concentration and good tissue distribution suggest that prolinomethyl tetracycline should be considered as a useful new tetracycline derivative for intravenous injection.

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[in Japanese]

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Efficacy of cephalexin suspension was assessed in 55 children, totaling 77 cases, of urinary tract infections and the following results were obtained.
1. Observations were made on 55 children. There were 12 boys and 43 girls. Fourteen patients, 7 boys and 7 girls, were infants less than one year of age. The remainder was children over one year.
2. Urological investigations, which were performed mainly on the cases with recurrent urinary tract infections, revealed obstructive uropathy in 10 children, i. e., 18.2 % of 55 patients.
3. Among the organisms isolated,Escherichia coli was predominant, being cultured in 73.9% of the cases. There was no apparent relationship noted between the presence of obstructive uropathy and the species of the causative organisms. Percentage of resistance of E. coli to various antimicrobial agents were examined by disc methods. The resistance of E. coli was lowest to colistin, 2.2% to cephalexin, and became higher in ascending order of kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin.
4. The results of treatment with cephalexin suspension were interpreted to be excellent in 17 cases, good in 32 cases and ineffective in 21 cases, which showed 70.0% of efficacy rate. Total efficacy rate was 60.9% in the obstructive group and was 74.5% in the non-obstructive group. Seventeen patients, in whom response to cephalexin suspension was excellent, all belonged to the non-obstructive group. Fifty percent of the patients of the obstructive group, in whom response to cephalexin suspension was good, experienced recurrent infections within two weeks after discontinuation of the drug. Efficacy rate was highest, i. e., 92.9% in the patients with non-obstructive lower urinary tract infections.
5. Efficacy rate was compared between the following two groups: The one with a smaller dosage and a shorter duration (40-59mg/kg/day for less than 14 days) and the one with a larger dosage and a longer duration (more than 80mg/kg/day for more than 15 days). In the obstructive group the efficacy rate was higher in the latter than in the former, i. e., 71.4% versus 33.3%.
6. In the group of obstructive recurrent urinary tract infections the period until recurrence did not appear to be related to the type of chemotherapeutic agent as well as its dosage, duration or suppressive effect on acute inflammatory process.
7. Based upon the results mentioned above, considerations were made on the criteria of evaluation of therapeutic responses of the antimicrobial agent against urinary tract infections. Comparison of therapeutic response of a new antimicrobial agent with that of others and decision of whether urinary tract infections could be a good indication for it should depend on the criteria supplemented with the period required for the urinary findings to return to normal and for the causative organisms to disappear, primarily obtained with clinical observations in acute simple urinary tract infections. Evaluation of preventive effect against relapse, however, should be based on another criteria for recurrent urinary tract infections.

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[in Japanese]

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