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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
Cover10-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
Cover11-
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
i-iv
Published: November 01, 1977
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EITARO NOBUHARA, SHIGEFUMI KADOHISA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
399-404
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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The resolution of CT scanner can be decided by the size of matrix. Generally the limit of resolution is 1.5 times as large as the matrix. We used ACTA scanner (Automatic Computerized Transverse Axial Tomographic X-ray Scanner) made in the Pfizer Company of U.S.A., and researched the relation between the difference of absorption and perce ptibility by using of the eyesight discrimination as the mental evaluation method.
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MASAKATSU HATAGAWA, KAZUHISA KOSAKAI, KIMITO IMADA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
405-409
Published: November 01, 1977
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The moving double slit method, doveloped by Dr. L. G. Cole, can reduce the scattered rays without reduction of the primary rays. The method was abandoned because of the high tube energies and relatively long exposure time necessary, and becauee of the simultaneouse success of Poter-Bucky grids. However, rare earth screen film systems make less power requirement which would be easily satisfied with a new high rotation traget X-ray tube. We created the equipment of the double slit system which we compared with X-ray grids regarding the contrast of the radiograph and the amount of exposure to patients. We found that the moving double slit system produces higher contrast image, and less amount exposure to patient than X-ray grid at the same tube voltage.
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YOSHIHARU HIGASHIDA, TAKASHI NAKANISHI, AKIYOSHI OTSUKA, HIROMOTO UTSU ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
410-417
Published: November 01, 1977
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The objective plane in an ordinary tomograph is parallel to the table bed. This fact makes the tomography inadequate for those organs, having natural curvature. In an effort to solve this problem, we have devised an auxilary mechanism for inclining the film to a desired angle. After conduction basic experiments, this auxiliary device was put to clinical applications. The methods of X-ray tube movement adopted for the purpose were the circular zonography (α=5°), circular movement (α=36°). hypocycloidal movement (maximum blurring angle=48°) and the linear movement (α=50°). Results of Basic Experiments 1. With the increase in the film inclination angle, difference in density appears on the film. The angle of inclination permissible from the viewpoint of clinical examinations is up to 30°. 2. As the film inclination angle is increased, the locus of X-rays is distorted. 3. The X-ray photograph of an object which is parallel to the objecttive plane dose not change if the film is inclined. 4. As regards to an object which is vertically continuous through the objective plane, its X-ray photograph is greatly distorted if the film in clination angle is increased. This phenomenon differs with the method X-ray tube movement. From these results, it can be concluded that an ordinary viewing method is valid if the film is inclined as much as 20° for the circular movement, 30° for the hypocycloidal movement and 10° for the circular zonography. Clinical Applications.The film inclined tomography can be clinically applied, with a considerable effect, to cross-sectional photography of the head and the upper cervical vertebrae as well as to photography of the sternum, pyelo-ureter and the bronchus. In the photography of the head and the upper cervical vertebrae, the hypocycloidal movement was used where as for the sternum and pyelo-ureter, the circular zonography was adopted, and for the brochus, the linear movement.
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TAKESHI WADA, YOSHIHIRO OZAMOTO, HIDEJI NOBEZAWA, KAZUSHI NOZUE, SHINO ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
418-425
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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Nowadays, High Speed VTR is widely used in the industrial field. This time, we were able to have an opportunity to use this High Speed VTR in the medical field. Comparing static resolution, dynamic resolution and exposure dose (skin dose). We obtained the results as follows : This experiment was done with an Image Intensifier of 6 inch and a lens with focal distance 75 mm. 1) Static resolution is separated more than 15lp/cm on the stop motion picture. 2) Dynamic resolution is separated 4lp/cm on the stop motion picture, it 0.8 mm object which is moving with a velocity of 100 cm/sec on the play back motion picture. 3) Exposure dose (Skin dose) is less about from 1/2 to 1/10 than cineangiograms. This High Speed VTR is more efficiency than cineangiography. In the future, this system will be shown a remarkable progress.
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HIDEKI KATO, SEIJI FUJIKAWA, SADAO KAWASHIMA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
426-432
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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The irradiated area-exposure product [R-cm^2] monitoring, during X-ray fluoroscopic or photographic examination, was become to practice in general institutions. To obtain the Integral Dose [g-rad] from the area-exposure product value, based on the interaction of X-ray photon with scattering medium and concept of energy flux, the Specific Integral Dose [g-rad/R-cm^2] with the thickness of irradiated body and with the X-ray tube voltage was calculated. From the calculated result, a simulating equation of the Specific Integral Dose was considered. Specific Integral Dose [g-rad/R-cm^2]=In(V/100)/A+B V : X-ray tube voltage [kV] A, B : The value of A and B can be calculated as a function of the thicknness of irradiated body "Th" only. For example, in added filter (0.5 mmAl+0.05 mmCu) A=exp{-0.0527・(Th+9.300)} B=10・exp{0.0301・(Th-22.670)} The value of the Specific Integral Dose by this calculation is compared with the value by integration the dose from the curve of the isodose chart in several exposure conditions. As the result, this calculated Specific Integral Dose value is correct enough to satisfy in clinical apprication, but there is necessity of compensation for lung, bone and contrast medium.
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TAKAO TAKADA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
433-437
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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This paper describes the simple formula giving the dose rate in water around linear radioactive source. The formula was based on modified Sivert's formula. The calculated value was compared with several author's datas or experimental value, the results were as follows : 1) the maximum error between the calculated dose rate for ^<226>Ra source and Uchiyama's date was less than 10 percent. 2) agreement between calculated and measured attenuation curves with distance from Ra source was seen to be similar in Shape.3) agreement between the calculated dose distribution around ^<137>Cs source and Klvenhagen's data was seen to be similar.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
438-441
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
442-443
Published: November 01, 1977
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YUSUKE MORIYAMA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
444-453
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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The subject, safety of medical X-ray equipment, involves the problems concern many departments such as safety engineering, human engineering, reliability engineering, mechanical engineering, electric engineering etc., In this report, I made investigations into following subjects. 1. Causes of accidents. 2. The relation between human-machine system of medical x-ray equipment. 3. Consciousness and opinions of users about safety. 4. Safety plane. 5. The opinions of maker about safety.
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YASUYUKI OGAWA, TAKASHI WAKAMATSU
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
454-462
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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Development of radiation diagnosistic units have brought complicated risk, and increased. On the othenside, electro-biological substancese is also developed. For example, thresholds of electric shock is known in several respects. Threshold of macro-shock is about 20mA but microshock is 10μA. In case of angiocardio graphic examination, countermeasure is needed for micro-shock. Accordingly, Equipotential patient Reference system must be appleid to each units by electric lead cable. It is kept electropotential less than 10mV. Generally, regular examination must be needed.
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TAKASHI YOKOYAMA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
463-468
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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It has been our important subject how to secure in the relationship between man and the machine. The subject is still being investigated, and it is always new. It will be more particular in the medical field, in view that a patient has to accept everything provided by the machine which is operated by man. Modern medicine requires many kinds of radiological machine, which construct one special medicine field. It will be natural to take verious measures for safety so that we can minimize the accidental loss of man and/or materials, on not only the radiological machines but all of them. It will be fact, however, that the final security of safety is committed to the operating person, even how completely the machine may be designed for safety. This report is result from study about the "Human Factor" out of the verious factors on safety-measures, especially on the radiotherapy treatment machines and their periphery. In addition to above, the error protection system used in our center is also introduced.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
469-482
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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TAKESHI YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
483-489
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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In order to cope with the recent advancement of endoscopic diagnosis, detailed x-ray surface diagnosis of the digestive tract should be aimed at the problems of both viewing and interpretation of the films, together with the development of radiography technique. Psychological studies on the three dimensional interpretation of x-ray image viewed with human eye were carried out. Results are as follows. 1) Psychological phenomena on the perception of visible surface may appear also in viewing of the x-ray films. 2) Optical illusions discussed by psychologists may appear frequently in the x-ray film interpretation. 3) Objective three dimensional surface pattern may be correctly diagnosed by the logical interpretation based on visual acuity.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
490-495
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
496-502
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
503-507
Published: November 01, 1977
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HITOSHI KANAMORI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
508-514
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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The information theory of one dimensional discrete signals and continuous signals is explained, to introduce the concept of information capacity. Combining the sampling theorem, and the concepts of the random noise and the Gaussian noise, the fundamental formula of the information capacity of isotropic two-dimensional signals is given. It is emphasized that the information capacity is a new quantity to express the quality of radiographic systems synthetically ; the contrast, the sharpness, and the granularity being composed. The object spectra can be also composed in the information capacities, by which we can select the best system appropriate for the object.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
515-519
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
520-533
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
534-
Published: November 01, 1977
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Marilyn H. Sackett
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
535-
Published: November 01, 1977
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H. Jarvinen
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
536-
Published: November 01, 1977
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B.I. Ruden, L.G. Bengtsson
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
536-
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
537-
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
537-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
537-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
537-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
537-538
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
538-
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
538-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
538-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
538-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
539-
Published: November 01, 1977
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
539-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
539-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
539-540
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
540-
Published: November 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2019
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
540-
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
541-542
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
543-546
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
547-
Published: November 01, 1977
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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages
Cover12-
Published: November 01, 1977
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