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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
Cover19-
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
Cover20-
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
Toc7-
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Article type: Appendix
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
i-iii
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Article type: Bibliography
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
iv-
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Article type: Bibliography
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
iv-
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MASAJI TAKAHASHI, KAZUSHIGE TSUTSUI
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
951-961
Published: 1986
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Although conventional fractionation schedules with daily fraction of 180-200 cGy and 5 treatment days per week have been satisfactory in the treatment of some tumors, there is reason to believe that the results of radiaiton therapy could be improved in some cases by appropriate alterations in treatment schedules. Since the last decade, multiple daily fractionation schemes have been adopted in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck, the brain and other sites. Radiation biology provides the promising rationale on the use of multiple fractions per day (MFD) that increasing the number of dose fractions with a concomitant decrease in size of dose per fraction leads to a preferential sparing of late responding tissues and to a potential sensitization of tumors. In this article, results of radiation therapy with MFD were reviewed based on the radiobiological implications.
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NOBORU YAMAMOTO, HIROYUKI GESHI, HIROSHI HARASAKA, ATSUO SUZUKI, TAKAS ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
962-972
Published: 1986
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This study was carried out in order to obtain good contrast photographs in magnification angiography. First, we compared nine combinations of rare earth intensifying screens (Gd, Ba, La, Y-line) and sixth kinds of film. 1) Comparison of the gradient of characteristic curves by Inverse square sensitometry. 2) Comparison of measured values of photographic density differences by the Al thickness and iodine contrast medium when taking the X-ray photographs of a contrast phantom. 3) Theoretical examination of X-ray spectrum absorbed to intensifying screens of primary X-ray transmitted to contrast phantom and scattered X-rays. Then. we calculated the photographic differences from these data, and compared them with measured values. In the clinical comparison of this system, it is not sufficient to compare the gradients of characteristic curves ; it is also necessary to take X-ray photographs of phantoms with the tube voltage adjusted to the relative photographic sensitivities of the system. This is because film gradients mainly depend on the contrast of X-ray photograghs, and also because element compositions of intensifying screens produce differences to the contrast. Related to this phenomenon is the quality and quantity of scattered X-rays.
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OSAMU NAKAMURA, SABURO AKIYAMA, YOSHITOMO SANO, TAKAO ARAI, GUIO UCHIY ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
973-978
Published: 1986
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During the time of shielding the MRI room, it is necessary to consider shielding of the magnetic field as well as that of electromagnetic wave (radio frequency). In order to reduce these influences as much as posible, we must ensure that there is sufficient distance or install an appropriate shield. This is a report of the results of our experiments which were carried out in the MRI room to evaluate the shielding effect of the magnetic field and electromagnetic waves. Materials used for the shield were a 0.6 mm MT steel plate and 0.036 mm electric copper lief. The method of measurement was proportionate to MIL-STD-285. The effect of the magnetic shield was a 1/50 reduction in the magnetic field intensity, with almost complete shielding of the electromagnetic waves.
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YOSHIHIDE ISOBE, SHIN OZAKI
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
979-988
Published: 1986
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An attempt was made to express the three-dimensional relationship between body organs and incident high energy beams by applying three-dimensional images. In addition to the traditional CT cut-surface images, shading images in which the calculation was made faster and easier, was able to be applied. Presentation of the organ shape superposed by isodose curves can be obtained as shading images by inputting certain values of the isodose curves. This allowed easier three-dimensional recognition of how the isodose curves come close together. This paper describes the procedure of digital image processing of images of shading and CT cut-surface.
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KAZUYA YAMASHITA, KAZUO INAMOTO, KAORU MORIKAWA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
989-997
Published: 1986
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In the present paper, we have described experimental evaluation studies using the ROC analysis on displayed images of the radiographs converted after digitization. Two types of images were used in these studies : one was signal images composed of 2mmφ beads disseminated (absorbed images) and another was 2mmφ cavities (penetrated images) . The psychophysical experiment was carried out using the rating experiment of obtaining the ROC curve based on the signal detection theory. The detectability was evaluated by the maximum transmitted information. The results were summarized as follows : (1) The detectabilities of the images on the CRT were significantly lower than those of the original ones. The decreasing rate of information was 67.8% in the bead signal images and 65.6% in the cavity signal images. (2) However, the detectability of the cavity signal images was two times better than that of the bead. (3) Detectabilities could be improved to 98.9% by double gradient processing and 70.1% by quadruple gradient processing in the studies of the bead images.
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KUNIHIKO MOROZUMI, KAZUHIRO MASUDA, RYUICHIRO SATO, YUKIHIRO MATSUDA, ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
998-1000
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KAZUHIKO SAITO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1001-1029
Published: 1986
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Recently, three phase multi peak X-ray generators are popularly used in clinics and hospitals in Japan. The numbers of this generator installed in clinics and hospitals exceeded that of single phase two peak generators, the most popular machine for over 80 years. The characteristics of three phase multi peak generators are X-ray out put, reproducibility, exposure time, tube voltage percent ripple, and radiographic effect. These characteristics of clinically working machines were measured and reported in this paper. All the data were measured by X-ray tube voltage・current meter connected to the high-tension circuit of the generator, and to evaluate the generator's dynamic response, their waveforms include X-ray out put were observed by an oscilloscope. The advantageous features of three phase multi peak generators are high X-ray out put and exposure time control capable to cut off at shorter duration than the power supply period, 0.01s. On the other hand, there are problems on these points, too. One is the fluctuation of X-ray tube voltage percent ripple, and the other is linearity of X-ray out put to timer setting at very short exposure time.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1030-1047
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1048-1052
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IWAO TSUKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1053-1063
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Radiation induced neoplasms may occur under various kinds of radiation exposure. These neoplasms may be classified into two major groups. Group l, non-medical use and Group 2. medical use. Group I are included neoplasms following atomic bomb, accidental and occupational exposure. Group 2 are included therapy and diagnasis related neoplasms. Therapy related neoplasms are further divided into two subgroups, irradiation for beingn and malignant diseases. During past 20-years total of 90 patients with radiation induced neoplasms are registered at National Cancer Canter Hospital, Tokyo. Fifteen patients with radiation induced neoplasms are occured following occupational exposure, they are all doctors and radiological technitians. 46 patients with radiation induced neoplasms are occured following irradiation for beingn disease. Irradiation against lymphoademitis coli tbc, and benign skin deseases are common as first irradiation and secondary malignant tumor are most frequently occured in hypopharynx and skin. 29 cases with radiation incluced neoplasms are occured following irradiation for malignant tumor. Uterine cervix is most common first malignant tumor, skin, rectum and bladder cancer are most common secondary malignant.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1064-1070
Published: 1986
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1071-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1071-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1071-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1071-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1071-1072
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1072-1073
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1073-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1074-1075
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1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1075-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1075-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1075-
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Article type: Article
1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1075-
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1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1075-1076
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1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1076-
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1986 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages
1076-
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