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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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HIROKI KOMATSU
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
674-675
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YUKIKO OSHIMA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
676-680
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AKIRA HASEGAWA
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
681-686
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David M Richter
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
687-693
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KYOICHI OTSUKA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
694-696
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SATOSHI ARAKAWA, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
697-699
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TOKIKO ENDO
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
700-706
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SHIGEO NISHIKI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
707-718
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TAKESHI HARA
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
719-722
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SUGUHA TSUTSUMI
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
723-725
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CHUDO KAZUSA
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
726-728
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HIROFUMI YAGI, REIKO KITAMURA, RIE SARUWATARI, NATSUKO DOI, ERIKO YAMA ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
729-736
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The half-value layer (HVL) of an X-ray beam for film-screen mammography is considered an important parameter for image quality and patient dose. Thus, HVL must be measured in accordance with The Manual of Accuracy for Mammography printed by the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology. The manual prescribes exactly the geometry of measurement, chamber position of measurement in the field, selection of chamber, and so on. However, the measurement of HVL is difficult in the actual clinical setting. This study examined the results of failure to perform the measurement of HVL in accordance with the manual for measuring HVL in the clinical setting. The investigation indicated that serious problems do not arise when measuring HVL for routine quality control even if the chamber in the field is not always set according to the manual and if a chamber for radiotherapy or diagnosis is used that is not recommended for soft X-ray by the manual.
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NAOKI OHMORI, KENJI ASHIDA, OSAMU FUJITA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
737-745
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Because the glandular content rate is an important factor in evaluating breast cancer detection and average glandular dose, it is important in mammography research to estimate and analyze this rate. The purpose of this study was to obtain a formula for statistical estimation of the glandular content rate, to clarify statistically the influence of age group and compressed breast thickness (CBT) on estimating the glandular content rate, and to show statistically the general relation between glandular content rate and the factors of age and CBT. The subjects were 740 Japanese women aged 20-91 years (mean±SD : 48.3±12.8 years) who had undergone mammography. In our study, the glandular content rate was statistically estimated from age group, mAs-value, and CBT when subjects underwent mammography, from a phantom simulation, and from MR images of the breast. In addition, multivariate analysis was carried to examine statistically the influence of age group and CBT on glandular content rate. The mean glandular content rate as estimated by age group was as follows : 35.6% for those in their 20s, 33.4% in the 30s, 27.5% in the 40s, 23.8% in the 50s, and 21.8% in those 60 and over. The rate for the subjects as a whole was 27.1%. This study indicated that overestimation occurred if the estimated value of the glandular content rate was not corrected in the 3D-measurement by MRI. In addition, this study showed that the statistical influence on glandular content rate was significantly larger for CBT than age.
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FUMIE MAEDA, AKIO OGURA, AKIRA MIYAI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
746-750
Published: June 20, 2003
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High-density film and the high-luminance view-box system are being recommended for mammograms owing to the improved detection of masses. However, this system causes an increase in radiation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether the detection of masses would improve using the normal-luminance view box and normal-density film with different types of contrast systems. Low-contrast detection using ROC analysis and high-contrast detection using an ACR phantom were evaluated for the following systems : high-density film and high-luminance view box, normal-density film and normal-luminance view box and normal-density film with wide latitude and normal-luminance view box. The results showed no significant variation in the detectability of the system with high-density film and high-luminance view box and the normal-density film with wide latitude and normal-luminance view box. However, in terms of low-contrast visibility, the system using normal-density film and normal-luminance view box was significantly reduced in comparison with the others. Therefore, the system with normal-density film with wide latitude and the normal-luminance view box is recommended because of reduced radiation dose.
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RYU KAWAMORITA, KEISUKE IWAI, YASUSHI TAKEUCHI, DAIGO KURODA, SATORU I ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
751-758
Published: June 20, 2003
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Until recently, conservative radiation therapy of breast cancer using a wedge-filter combined with rectangular tangential irradiation was widely carried out. This method of irradiation creates uniform dose distribution in the target, minimizing the radiation dose to the lung. However, this method of irradiation results in many cases in which the amount of dose in the irradiated area differs as a result of the shape and size of the breast. It is necessary to prevent excessive doses from reaching the lung. IMRT ensures a uniform dose to the target. Therefore, IMRT was examined because of the possibility that the normal tissue dose can be effectively utilized in cases of conservative radiation therapy of breast cancer by providing a minimum dose. To compare the irradiation of each method of rectangular tangential irradiation, an electronic compensator (ELC), and IMRT, which uses Dynamic MLC, we evaluated target dose uniformity, standard deviation, and target differential DVH in 13 examples. We evaluated the lung dose of the irradiated side (V_<30>, 30 Gy volume) of the lung to the volume of the lung on the irradiated side based on the report of Hernando. With this method of irradiation, irrespective of the difference in the shape and size of the target, dose uniformity with ELC was very good. IMRT can reduce the lung dose in comparison with the other irradiation methods. However, it is apt to cause a high-dose area in the irradiation field. In addition, it affects the target and the skin-extracting contour, and the dose to the skin surface declines. Although ELC cannot offer lung doses that are as low as those of IMRT, most of the 13 examples planned for cure with ELC showed rates of 22% of V_<30> and below. In conservative radiation therapy of breast cancer, ELC is more effective than the rectangular tangential irradiation method and IMRT.
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MASATO UCHIKOSHI, TAKASHI UEDA, SHIGEO NISHIKI, KOUICHI SATOU, AKIHIKO ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
759-764
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MR imaging (MRI) has been reported to be a useful modality to characterize breast tumors and to evaluate disease extent. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI, in particular, allows breast lesions to be characterized with high sensitivity and specificity. Our study was designed to develop three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (3D-VIBE) techniques for the evaluation of breast tumors. First, agarose/Gd-DTPA phantoms with various concentrations of Gd-DTPA were imaged using 3D-VIBE and turbo spin echo (TSE). Second, one of the phantoms was imaged with 3D-VIBE using different flip angles. Finally, water excitation (WE) and a chemical shift-selective (CHESS) pulse were applied to the images. Each image was analyzed for signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (l.25 Ms/Mb) (SNR), and contrast ratio [(Ms1-Ms2)/{(Ms1+Ms2)/2}]. The results showed that 3D-VIBE provided better contrast ratios with a linear fit than TSE, although 3D-VIBE showed a lower SNR. To reach the best contrast ratio, the optimized flip angle was found to be 30° for contrast-enhanced dynamic study. Both WE and CHESS pulses were reliable for obtaining fatsuppressed images. In conclusion, the 3D-VIBE technique can image the entire breast area with high resolution and provide better contrast than TSE. Our phantom study suggests that optimized 3D-VIBE may be useful for the assessment of breast tumors.
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HIRONORI ICHIHARA, FUJIMI KINOSHITA, KAZUHISA HIYOSHI, TOSHIKO BEPPU, ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
765-770
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Identification of the sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer is often hampered by high radioactivity from the injection site, since the distance between the injection site and regional lymph nodes is quite short in these patients. We investigated the usefulness of the modified oblique view of the axilla (MOVA) method introduced by Haigh et al., aiming at better discrimination of the target and higher resolution. Compared with the standard anterior view (SAV) of the supine position and conventional oblique view (COV) imaging, MOVA was able to obtain a longer distance between the injection site and axillary lymph nodes in 20 of 21 lymph nodes. MOVA provided more effective information for visual evaluation of the geometry of axillary lymph nodes in half the cases, and one lymph node was detected only with MOVA. In contrast, SAV provided better imaging in one patient. Although our results support the usefulness of MOVA, the combined application of MOVA and SAV is desirable, since sentinel lymph node detection with the gamma-probe is performed in the supine position during surgery.
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Shuji Yamamoto
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
772-774
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
778-779
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
780-781
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
781-786
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
787-790
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
791-796
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages
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