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Article type: Cover
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
Cover10-
Published: January 20, 1972
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Article type: Cover
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
Cover11-
Published: January 20, 1972
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Article type: Appendix
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
App5-
Published: January 20, 1972
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Seiichi Sawada, Hiromu Yoshida
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
321-329
Published: January 20, 1972
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In the radiologic examination of infants' hip joints, the protection of gonads from unnecessary radiation exposures is indispensable, though there are some technical difficulties in practice. The extent to be protect from radiations has been investigated, and then the form and the size of the protective lead applicator have been determined. The protector consists of the base which is attached to the front of the multi-leaf collimator and the protective lead applicator, and they are connected with pantograph-mechanism. Changing the distance between base and lead applicator of the protector, we can appropriately protect gonads according to age and physique of patients. As the form of the lead applicator is projected on the patients' skin by the light beam of the collimator, the exact protection and the positioning are completed. The protective applicator is distant from a patient, so either the patient or the protector is kept clean and safe.
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Tokio Kamiya, Hiroyuki Takeo, Yasushi Ogisu
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
330-338
Published: January 20, 1972
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The protector which we originally deviced is made of the epoxy rosin containing carcium and zirconium. It is fixed between the X-ray tube and the subject who is examined. In the general exposure condition, the shutting rate of the X-ray by this protector is abut one and half times as much as that by the lead equivalence. To know the effect through the body, the X-ray exposure measurements were made on the fluoro-glass dosimeter or on the film which set behind the body protected by either this protector or the lead plate. The former can diminish the X-ray to the one fifth, while the latter diminishes it to the one third. The bed was specially designed. The water proof canvas tightly fixed with the solid rim of the bed is slightly concaved when the subject is in the recumbent position on it, like a hunging net cradle. The protector at the arm extended from the solid rim is easily set over the genital organs of the subject. No re-examination is necessary in the experience of 1000 cases. Conclusion : 1) For using the specially designed bed, it is not necessary to force to restrict the movement of the subjects and it is easy to set the protector at the proper position over the genital organns. 2) This protector does not disturb the X-ray examination of the hip joints if it covers them at the periphery. 3) Our devised epoxy rosin protector diminishes the X-ray exposure to the genital organs more effectively than the other protectors.
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Hiroshi Onodera, Nobuo Sasaki, Yasuo Aizawa, Masami Sato
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
339-342
Published: January 20, 1972
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The image qualities of radiograms produced by a film changer (AOT, made by Elema-Schonander) under various conditions, especially concerned with cerebral angiography in our institution, were evaluated by graphical representations of the contrast response in comparison with the image of ordinary cassette radiography. The results of evaluation were demonstrated in Fig.5-8. Several practical aspects of their evaluation in serial cerebral angiography in routine work were briefly discussed.
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Takeshi Sawada, Kenichi Ito, Takeo Kaneko, Minoru Matsui, Toshio Yamam ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
343-346
Published: January 20, 1972
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A high energy X-ray TV have made much contribution to ensuring a field control during radiation therapy. The function of the collimeter was continuously observed on moniter TV. The more important was the fact that the TV image recorded on video-tapes during the whole couse of therapy was useful for future reference. To obtain a better TV image, some investigations performed regarding a fundamental characteristics of the luminescent screen used for this purpose, operating the linear accelator (Toshiba LMR-13). There was basical differnce between X-ray of linear accelator and gamma ray of telecobalt unit in that the former consisted a series of pulses, but the latter was continuous beam. Relation between the dose of high energy X-ray and the brightness of the luminescent screen was studied to answer a question whether the screen was saturated by X-ray or not. It was obtained results that brightness of the screen was proportional to X-ray dose.
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Ichiro Reiki
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
347-353
Published: January 20, 1972
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The reliability of medical accelerators (Betatron, Linac) was considerd. The consideration was based on reliability engineeing. The electrical equipment have a particular failure that is called random failure. For this reason, the failure rate of the electrical equipment is higher than that of mechanical equipment. The failure rate of medical accelerators was investigated on the basis of our field data. The failure rate was about three times as large as general electrical equipment. Intermittent operation and pulsed operation can be considerd as the reasonable reason of the failure rate. collecting field data and using them are needed for the maintenance of these equipment.
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Takeshi Sawada
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
354-363
Published: January 20, 1972
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In supervoltage x-ray it is well known that the dose beneath the skin surface depends upon the build-up effect of x-ray. The purpose of this paper was to discuss whether the build-up effect gave some influences to the effect intensifying screens or not, for the diagostic linacgraphy. Three kinds of intensifying screens were used GS-Kyokko, RS and Gd-Toshiba. And in each case it was discussed whether the Pb-foil should be used or not. (it's thickness 0.1 or 0.3mm) When the intensifying screen was used the contrast of the film was good but the sharpness was unsatisfactory without the Pb-foil.
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Tomio Tsuruga, Makoto Kuranishi, Tetsuro Nakayama, Takeshi Nakayama
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
364-370
Published: January 20, 1972
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Dosimetry by means of ionization chamber has been widely used in conventional Roentgen and Cobalt-60 gamma ray therapy. Measurement of absorbed dose of Cobalt-60 gamma rays using the cavity ionization chamber has been already well established. When the ionization is measured in an air-filled cavity placed at a point in the irradiated medium, the absorbed dose in the medium may be estimated from the Bragg-Gray relationship. In order to measure the cavity ionization, a thimble ionization chamber has been developed at our center. The cavity wall is made of the MixD, the thickness is 1.8 mm, and the cavity volume is 3 mm φ×7.5mm. The collecting electrode is made of 0.6mm φ sized acrylic resin wire, which are coated by Aquadag. The response of the Radocon Roentgen-dosimeter has been investigated, and the R, -rad conversion factor is calculated by both the absorbed dose which was measured by this chamber at a point in the water exposed to electrons and the data measured by Roentgen-dosimeter. The obtained conversion factor for the Radocon 602 probe of the ratio was ca. 1.02-0.89 at 4 to 26 MeV, as for 606 probe of the ratio was ca. 0.91-0.8 at 8 to 26 MeV.
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Takenori Hachiya, Yasuaki Shoji, Mikio Kan
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
371-378
Published: January 20, 1972
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Three kinds of focused collimators for 5 in. diameter NaI crystal of Toshiba Universal Scintiscanner were investigated with the line source response method and geometrical method, which were developed by Hine et al. The FWHM measured focal length and sensitivity of each collimators were indicated on Table 1 and 2.
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Hiroshi Inatsu, Seiiti Kawano, Kousaku Nagata, Teigo Shinozaki, Kunio ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
379-382
Published: January 20, 1972
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Screen-film system is generally used, in radiographic system. Sharpness of screen-film system is frequently measured by means of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). But it is prospected for the reason of irradiation, that MTF is changed by film density. Therefore, we evaluted the relation of MTF with film density concerning screen-film system. And we intended to know the optimum density of x-ray picture. In the result of experiment, the higher film density, the poorer MTF is. Consequently, X-ray film MTF in low density is better than in high density. It was found that MTF is changed by film density. Therefore, MTF exist as function of density. Many line density function is developed by a line spread function. The study of the irradiation is a task affter this.
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Tadashige Makino
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
383-392
Published: January 20, 1972
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The X-ray output and the wave number are measured at several conditions, using the transformer X-ray apparatus of single phase, full rectifier system. The results are the followings ; 1) The output and measured time are linear in log-log plot. 2) The output and distance are linear in log-log plot. The correction factor of the output to the distance is estimated using the 1/r^2 rule. 3) The wave number and distance are linear in log-log plot. The correcrion factor of the wave number to the distance is estimated using the standerd value at some distance. This factor has the same meaning as that of ηγ to the μ-value. 4) The wave number and current are linear in log-log plot. The correction factor of the wave number to the current is estimated using the standard value at some current. This factor has the same meaning as the current correction factor iβ in the μ-formula. The term 1) is necessary to select the apparatus condition from the estimated output using μ-formula. The terms 3) and 4) mean that the wave number is not constant in the μ-formula. The wave number in the wide beam is, in appearance, observed to depend not only on the distance but also on the voltage and current.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
393-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
393-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
393-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
393-394
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
394-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
394-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
394-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
394-395
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
395-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
395-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
395-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
396-397
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
397-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
397-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
397-398
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
398-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
398-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
398-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
398-399
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
399-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
399-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
399-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
399-400
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
400-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
400-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
400-401
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
401-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
401-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
401-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
401-402
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
402-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
402-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
402-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
402-403
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
403-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
403-
Published: January 20, 1972
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1972 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
403-404
Published: January 20, 1972
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