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2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
4-5
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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HIROKO NISHIDE, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
739-
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TOMOTAKA SOBUE
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
740-744
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JUNJI SHIRAISHI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
745-748
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TADAOKI MORIMOTO, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
749-758
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SEIEI YASUDA, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
759-765
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HIROSHI WATANABE
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
766-771
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YASUHARU SEKIGUCHI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
772-779
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KINYA OOTSUKA, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
780-790
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TORU MATSUMOTO, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japan ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
791-799
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KEIJI YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
800-806
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HIROSHI NAKAHARA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
807-810
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KAZUTAKA OKADA, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
811-816
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TOSHIO HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
817-818
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TATSUSHI TOMOMITSU, HIROAKI MIMURA, KENYA MURASE, TSUTOMU TAMADA, TERU ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
819-825
Published: June 20, 2005
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Many analyses of bone microarchitecture using three-dimensional images of micro CT (μCT) have been reported recently. However, as extirpated bone is the subject of measurement on μCT, various kinds of information are not available clinically. Our aim is to evaluate usefulness of fractal dimension as an index of bone strength different from bone mineral density in in-vivo, to which μCT could not be applied. In this fundamental study, the relation between pixel size and the slice thickness of images was examined when fractal analysis was applied to clinical images. We examined 40 lumbar spine specimens extirpated from 16 male cadavers (30-88 years; mean age, 60.8 years). Three-dimensional images of the trabeculae of 150 slices were obtained by a μCT system under the following conditions: matrix size, 512×512; slice thickness, 23.2μm; and pixel size, 18.6μm. Based on images of 150 slices, images of four different matrix sizes and nine different slice thicknesses were made using public domain software (NIH Image). The threshold value for image binarization, and the relation between pixel size and the slice thickness of an image used for two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal analyses were studied. In addition, the box counting method was used for fractal analysis. One hundred forty-five in box counting was most suitable as the threshold value for image binarization on the 256 gray levels. The correlation coefficients between two-dimensional fractal dimensions of processed images and three-dimensional fractal dimensions of original images were more than 0.9 for pixel sizes≤148.8μm at a slice thickness of 1mm, and≤74.4μm at one of 2mm. In terms of the relation between the three-dimensional fractal dimension of processed images and three-dimensional fractal dimension of original images, when pixel size was less than 74.4μm, a correlation coefficient of more than 0.9 was obtained even for the maximal slice thickness (1.74mm) examined in this study.
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FUMITOSHI NAKAMURA, TOSHIHIKO KANNO, TATSUO TORIZUKA, ETSUJI YOSHIKAWA ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
826-832
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Purpose: Although simultaneous emission transmission acquisition (SET) is the ideal method for positron emission tomography (PET) because the same patient position can be used for both emission and transmission scans, the quality of PET images is subject to interference by the cross-contamination of each data. In recent years, segmented attenuation correction of transmission data has made it possible to exclude the contamination from emission data. In the present study using a phantom, the physical property of emission data in SET acquisition was evaluated in comparison with that in separate scan. Methods: We measured scatter fraction, scatter projection, % random, and noise equivalent count rate in the sinogram. Next, we determined the acquisition time of the SET scan to obtain the same coefficient of variation as the separate scan in reconstructed images. Results: In the evaluation of the strength of the line source, the physical property of emission data in the SET scan seemed inferior to that in separate scan, and SET scanning was not effective enough to reduce the acquisition time of PET examinations. Conclusion: SET scanning has the advantage that the same patient position can be used for emission and transmission data; however, further studies may be necessary to apply it to clinical examinations.
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TADAMITSU IDEGUCHI, YOSHIHARU HIGASHIDA, FUMIO AKAZAWA, YASUYUKI KAWAJ ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
833-839
Published: June 20, 2005
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In mammography units, the X-ray tube focal spot is located directly above the chest wall edge of the detector. Therefore, the X-ray beam is incident at a different angle along the cathode-anode axis. When the X-ray beam is incident on the imaging plate (IP) at a relatively large angle, the resolution property of a new imaging plate with dual-sided reading system would be degraded compared with the conventional imaging plate because of the parallax effect, which produces a shift in the image on two sides of the imaging plate. To evaluate the oblique incidence effect of the X-ray beam on the degradation of resolution properties and detection of simulated microcalcifications of a new CR system with a pixel size of 50μm, its basic imaging properties and observer performance tests were compared with those of a conventional CR system. The resolution properties were evaluated by measuring modulation transfer functions (MTFs). Observer performance tests were conducted to compare the detectability of simulated microcalcifications of CR systems. Degradation of presampling MTFs for the new system is greater than that of the conventional CR system when the X-ray beam was incident at the same angle on the imaging plate. We found that the degradation of the area under the ROC curve (Az) for the new CR system was greater than that of the conventional CR system when the X-ray beam was incident at the same angle on the imaging plate.
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TOSHIHIRO OGURA, KAZUAKI TAKATSU, RYOUICHI NEGISHI, KOUICHI KOIZUMI, M ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
840-846
Published: June 20, 2005
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To develop a novel method of detecting rectal cancer, we assessed relationships between intra-abdominal fat distribution and rectal cancer in Japanese patients. Subjects comprised 38 patients with rectal cancer apparent on CT-colonography and 110 other cases. The intra-abdominal fat area was determined by calculating pixel distribution with attenuation values from -140HU to -40HU. The area of intra-abdominal fat was measured on axial images using an interslice gap of 10mm. Profile curves of intra-abdominal fat were in the plane direction from diaphragm to anus. Of note is the fact that Ogura's peak, a secondary small peak around the rectal cancer, was apparent on the profile of intra-abdominal fat, with 73.7% of rectal cancers displaying Ogura's peak. In comparison, only 19.1% of other cases displayed Ogura's peak on this profile. The relationship between fat and rectal cancer is difficult to explain. However, making good use of these results showing intra-abdominal fat distribution, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting rectal cancer according to the presence of Ogura's peak has potential as a method of mass screening. As only 148 cases were investigated in the present study, the accumulation of additional data is needed. More detailed studies with larger patient populations are warranted.
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YASUYUKI TAKAHASHI, MASAYA DOI, TAKAKI YAMADA, TOSHIO TAMANOI, KENYA M ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
847-851
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Although the prevention of habituation-related diseases has become an important topic in Japan, the early detection of cancers such as lung, gastric, and breast cancers is an important issue for x-ray-related imaging modalities. High cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness are necessary to perform mass screenings such as those for lung cancer. In order to assess cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness, a total of 100 institutions nationwide were investigated, with a 41% of recovery rate. There were at least one or two institutions in each prefecture. Cost-benefit analysis was based on factors including the price of the medical check-up vehicle, its service life, and income from the examinations. The mean price of medical check-up vehicles used for chest X-ray examinations was 4,445,000 yen. Cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the expense incurred to discover one lung cancer. According to our research, the cost-effectiveness involved in detecting one lung cancer by conventional chest X-ray examination was about 2,270,167 yen/person. Since this amount seems unduly high, it is necessary to improve cost-effectiveness.
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MICHIHIRO YAMASAKI, HIDEHIKO NONOGAKI, KOJI HARA, YUTAKA NARUSE, HIROT ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
852-860
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CT-colonography (CT-C), a new diagnostic imaging technique for cancer of the large intestine-which is increasing rapidly owing to westernized eating habits-has advanced from the developmental stage to the stage of practical application, thanks to progress in MSCT and workstation development. Therefore, based on the results of CT-C application using 16 lines of MSCT to a screening test, we reviewed the usefulness of CT-C in our clinic. We supplemented defective depiction, and found that change of position was effective for virtual image exclusion. We consider that CT-C can support diagnosis if the target of screening tests is a polypoid lesion of more than 6mm. In addition, it is expected that the number of examinations performed during office visits will increase because of the decreased invasiveness of the procedure, its lack of pain, and its ability to provide early lesion detection.
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HIROSHI CHIHARA, HIDEAKI UOZUMI
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
861-867
Published: June 20, 2005
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In recent years, ^<18>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has become a remarkable new modality for use in preventive medicine. FDG-PET examinations have many characteristics that are not available through conventional examinations, including the diagnosis of cancer. However, devices and examination techniques that take advantage of the merits of FDG-PET examinations are still required. In addition, many problems related to the management of facilities need to be solved. Therefore, we introduce the current situation of FDG-PET examinations in our facility and discuss our problem-solving efforts. FDG-PET examinations are very useful as screening examinations for cancer, and, in the future, FDG-PET will combine with other techniques and examinations in preventive medicine to provide a general cancer-screening system. For the future development of FDG-PET, we need to focus on the effective utilization of FDG-PET examinations and to establish evidence of their effectiveness. Moreover, we must create guidelines for the improvement of technology and the standardization of PET examination facilities.
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YASUKO MINAGAWA, MASARU SEKIYA, MASAKI TSURUMAKI, KIYOKO KAZAMA, TAKAS ...
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
868-873
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We performed ultrasonography screening for the hip joint in 145 infants between January 2003 and January 2004 at Nakajo-machi in Niigata Prefecture. This ultrasonographic study was conducted by Graf's method. The method could discriminate normal hip joints and was able to visualize 11 abnormal hip joints as well. All abnormal hip joints were dysplastic. This method is more useful than x-ray examination for infants, since the cartilaginous femoral head and the soft tissues around the hip could be clearly visualized. As a result, ultrasonography appears to be a useful screening method for congenital dislocation of the hip joint, without the hazard of radiation caused by x-rays.
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SHIHO GOMI, YOSHIMASA NAKAMURA, YOSHIHISA MURAMATSU
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
874-880
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The primary screening method for lung cancer in Japan is the chest x-ray, although it is not the accepted international standard because its accuracy is lower than that of procedures used to detect other types of cancer. Since the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer are higher than in many other cancers, more effective screening modalities need to be developed. Lung cancer screening was improved about ten years ago through the introduction of computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques. CT provides a higher level of accuracy in detecting early lung cancers and there have been reports of improvement in the five-year survival rate, although its effect on decreasing the mortality rate has not been demonstrated as yet. There are two significant disadvantages, however, associated with using CT for the detection of lung cancer. First, CT scanning results in a considerably higher level of radiation exposure than chest x-ray. Secondly, CT scanning is so sensitive that it can reveal shadows unrelated to lung cancer, resulting in additional, but unnecessary CT scans being performed for further examination. Accordingly, this report reviews the basic points that should be considered when conducting CT scanning for lung cancer screening purposes.
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MAYUMI KITAGAWA
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
881-886
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In Japan, screening examinations for gastric cancer have been conducted for 50 years because of the high prevalence of this type of cancer. Gastric X-ray screening examinations have contributed to the detection early gastric cancer. In 2001, Hisamichi et al. reported that X-ray examination is a valid technique in gastric cancer screening. However, they indicated that problems in the uncertainty of accuracy and the risk of radiation exposure at a young age. On the other hand, endoscopic screening examination, pepsinogen-method and H. pylori method are not acceptable because of incident risk. Our future goals are to improve the precision of gastric X-ray examinations in cancer screening nationwide and to advocate for annual gastric screening examinations in higher risk groups. As a result, it is hoped that gastric cancer X-ray screening examinations can contribute to preventive medicine.
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
887-890
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
891-
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
891-
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
892-
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
893-894
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
895-896
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
897-899
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
900-903
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
904-907
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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