Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology
Online ISSN : 1881-4883
Print ISSN : 0369-4305
ISSN-L : 0369-4305
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Volume 63, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Opening Article
Educational Lecture—Interpreting Medical Images for Radiological Technologists
Basic Lectures—The Basics of Clinical Economics
Clinical Technology Course
Series—Law and Medicine
Scientific Committee Report
Science Exchanges Committee Report
JIRA Topics
Originals
  • Examination of Types of Exposure and Management Methods for Nurses in Interventional Radiology
    Hiroshige Mori, Kichiro Koshida, Tomonori Fujii, Katsuhiro Ichikawa
    2007 Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 401-411
    Published: April 20, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 18, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.401
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Although a large number of studies have been done on exposure to operators and doctors during interventional radiology(IVR), there have been very few reports on nurses. This study was carried out to clarify the situation regarding exposure for nurses, and provides examples of how to estimate and manage. We measured space dose-rate distributions with an ionization survey meter, and personal exposure dose by a small fluorescent grass dosimeter(Dose Ace). The experimental results disclosed that there tended to be two types of exposure depending on the task performed. Head and neck(collar level)were associated with the highest exposure dose, which was observed in nurses assisting operators. Alternatively, knees showed the highest exposure dose, which was observed in nurses observing and assisting the patient. When estimation of skin equivalent exposure at the knees is needed, it can be calculated by using the value measured at the collar level. Furthermore, in estimating exposure dose, the directional and energy characteristics of personal dosimeters should be considered adequate. For radiation management, a circular protective sheet can be placed around the patient's lower area and a protective screen near the patient's head, and basic and practical education can be given. We concluded that these are highly useful for the personal monitoring of nurses engaged in IVR.
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  • Gravity Sag View of Lateral Radiography of the Knee
    Kuniyuki Hidaka, Yasuhiro Yanagawa, Kiyosumi Kawamoto, Daisuke Maeda, ...
    2007 Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 412-419
    Published: April 20, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 18, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.412
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The gravity sag view(GSV)is a lateral radiograph taken in the same position when the posterior sag sign is observed. The purpose of this study was to standardize the radiography technique for GSV by adjusting lateral rotation. To confirm the benchmark and correction angle(CA)for the GSV position, we assessed three-dimensional(3D)CT of the GSV position of the knee using normal volunteers. The benchmark is established at the 3-point of the leg and adjusting the CA of the knee is established by estimating from Rosenberg technique radiography. This helped not only to correct external rotation in the initial radiography but also to correct rotation for repeat radiography. Our method is quantitative and highly reproducible, and it increases the success rate in adjusting lateral radiography of the knee.
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  • Improved Visualization of Cardiac Pacemaker Lead on Chest Radiographs
    Nobuaki Suzuki, Shigeru Sanada, Masayuki Suzuki, Kazue Seino, Hiroyuki ...
    2007 Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 420-427
    Published: April 20, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 18, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.420
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chest radiographs provide significant information about the pacing lead for the management and follow-up of post-cardiac pacing patients. However, the pacing lead is not always clearly visible because of cardiac insertion via the mediastinum and low contrast on the chest radiograph. We developed an image-processing technique that improves visualization of the cardiac pacing lead on chest radiographs to facilitate management after pacemaker implantation. In this study, 117 chest radiographs obtained during pacemaker follow-up were analyzed. These chest images were smoothed using a median filter, sharpened by unsharp masking, then binarized by thresholding using the moving average method. To evaluate the usefulness of these processed images, four cardiologists compared the original and processed images using the two-sample preference test. As a result, visualization of the pacing lead was significantly improved on all processed images compared with that on the original images. We conclude that this image processing technique can facilitate pacemaker management.
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  • Evaluation of Non-lead Board as X-ray Protective Material
    Yoh Katoh, Masahiro Fukushi, Shinji Abe, Yoshiyuki Nyui, Tomokazu Numa ...
    2007 Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 428-435
    Published: April 20, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 18, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.428
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    For security, boards containing lead are commonly used to partition off rooms adjacent to radiation facilities. From the viewpoints of environmental safety and of material recycling during the process of remodeling or repair, however, the trend is toward avoiding the use of lead-containing radiation-protection board. Consequently, we developed a lead-free board(W 910×H 1820×D 12.5 mm)composed of a mixed material incorporating calcium sulfate and barium sulfate to be used as a partition at a diagnostic X-ray institution. The mass attenuation coefficients of the lead-free board were lower by about 12% and 60% for energy ranges of 25∼37 keV and 38∼41 keV, respectively, as compared with those of lead. Lead equivalents for the newly developed board(12.5 mm thickness)were 0.87±0.01 mmPb at 100 kV tube voltage, 0.60±0.01 at 125 kV, and 0.47±0.01 at 150 kV. A double-layer lead-free board proved to have enough shielding ability even at usual photographic frequencies.
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Note
  • Assessment of Physical Frame-based Abdominal Thickness Estimation by Evaluating Conditions with Fuzzy Control
    Automatic Exposure Control(AEC)in Diagnostic X-ray Apparatus
    Yuji Kondo
    2007 Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 436-444
    Published: April 20, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 18, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.436
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In digital X-ray photography of the abdomen and lumbar vertebrae, the automatic exposure control(AEC)system installed in the radiographic stand is essential for imaging at an appropriate dose. The AEC system has been used in many medical facilities. As patient size needs to be adapted, currently available AEC systems are equipped with a mechanism that enables an increase/decrease, by stages of 7-9, in AEC for X-ray dose. Adjustment of this function, however, depends largely on the radiologist's experience, as such X-ray dose control is lacking in reproducibility and quantification. We performed fuzzy reasoning using a measure of obesity(body-mass index: BMI)that was determined from the patient's height and body weight and estimated his/her abdominal thickness. On the basis of this estimated value, we established a methodology to define the conditions for X-ray photography of abdominal thickness in the area of increased patient thickness. We speculated that this methodology might provide better reproducibility and quantification for X-ray dose control in the area of increased patient thickness than the conventional AEC system.
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