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Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Published: October 01, 1989
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Index
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Index
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
i-iii
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
iv-v
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
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SHUICHI YAMAUCHI, AKIYOSHI OHTSUKA, HIROSHI MIZUTANI, KEIJI SHIMIYA, M ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1603-1608
Published: October 01, 1989
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Generaley, for X-ray film, it has been said that the shape of the H & D curves is not affected by the light spectrum emitted from the screens. We investigated the relationship between the color emitted from screens and the H & D curves of X-ray film. H & D curves were measured using the inverse square sensitometry method. Three cases of screen-film combinations were employed: (1) blue and green emitting screens were combined with four blue sensitive and five green sensitive films; (2) blue and blue-green emitting screens with four blue sensitive films; (3) Green and blue-green emitting screens with four green sensitive films. The differences in shape of H & D curves were estimated using and average gradient. Results indicated that for fact, the shape of H & D curve in many types of film were changed by light spectrum emitted from the screens. The rate of change was different depending on the type of film used. The average gradient difference was of 0.19, at maximum.
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YOSHIZO NAKAZA, NORIO NAKAO, TATUJI SHIMADA, KEIJI KAMINO, MASAHIKO OD ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1609-1614
Published: October 01, 1989
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The use of carbon-dioxide (CO_2) for colon insufflation as negative contrast media in radiograph is not new. Room air consists of about 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen. therefore, a buffer system of carbon-dioxide in the human body has limited chemical contact for nitrogen, so that nitrogen gas should stay for a very long time. Thus, the patients may have pain if the gas expansion creates an ischemic situation in the colon blood stream with the body heat. Ninety-eight consecutive patients scheduled for barium enema studies were assigned randomly to insufflation with either air or CO_2 in a double blind, prospective trial. Clinically relevant pain was experienced by 49% of the patients after insufflation with room air, compared with 26% of patients in whom CO_2 was used for insufflation. (p<0.02, x^2)
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MASAKATSU HATAGAWA, KENJI KISHIMOTO, RIE YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1615-1620
Published: October 01, 1989
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Image qualities were evaluated in terms of the noise equivalent quanta number (NEQ (u)), which is the total evaluation method including the gamma, modulation transfer function (MTF) and Wiener spectrum. Then, we carried out some experiments to observed the usefullness. NEQ (u) was applied for evaluating various systems with large differences regarcling gamma and speed. As a result, it was found that NEQ (u) was affected to great extent by gamma and it was seen as not being sfficient for evaluating the image quality by MTF and Wiener spectrum only. In some systems with the same system speed, it was shown by calculating NEQ (u) that a combination of high-speed film with a low-speed screen is available for the fine structure object and a combination low-speed film with high-speed screen is available for large structure object. These results are in good agreement with the clinical evaluations carried out. NEQ (u) is a usefull method for evaluating of the radiographic image quality.
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YUKIO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1621-1626
Published: October 01, 1989
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Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) has been noninvasively estimated by measuring the radioactive inert gas (Xe-133) clearance rate of the fast (gray matter) compartment of the brain. However, there are some technical problems in the Xe-133 clearance method as follows : (1) statistical errors due to low accumulation of Xe-133 in the brain, (2) relatively high radioactivities in the blood, which requires the correction with the measurement of radioactivities in the expiratory gas, and (3) inappropriateness of the mathematical equation for calculating rCBF. Since 1974, we have studied for solving the above problems. We have developed a super high sensitivity collimator for minimizing the statistical errors and a method for eliminating air passage artifact. Also, we have studied about the limitation of the mathematical equation for calculating rCBF. In this report, we summarize these problems in the measurement of rCBF by the Xe-133 clearance method.
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HIROYOSHI FUKUKITA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1627-1633
Published: October 01, 1989
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The SPECT system for image diagnosis in nuclear medicine is as important as X-ray CT in diagnostic radiology and, therefore, this is now widely used in daily practices. However as far as the spatial resolution and the sensitivity are concerned, the SPECT system is apparently inferior to the PET system. In this study we evaluated the influence of various hardware systems over the quality of the image obtained through SPECT system. This includes the arrangement of scintillation detectors, designing of special collimators, development of various methods for data acquisition, etc. In conclusion, we can say that the improvement of hardware systems, which are developed by the makers and are proposed by the users as well, will promote a further improvement of the SPECT image quality.
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MINORU HOSOBA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1634-1639
Published: October 01, 1989
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To perform accurate in vivo quantification by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in the brain, following techniques are being developed, 1) Optimized filtering to improve signal to noise ratio, and 2) Attenuation correction in non-uniform attenuator. 3) Accurate compton scatter compensation. In this paper, verious efforts on above three techniques in softwear towards quantification of SPECT data will be reported. Common filters such as Butterworth, Wiener and Metz filters defined on frequency domain should be standardized and the optimized parameters be registered on database depending on the organ and radionulide used. Those parameters can be determined empirically from phantom experiments or by using normalize log power spectrum of the image. More accurate images can be reconstructed by using Radial Post Correction (RPC) method with attenuation correction for the cranial bone. Energy weighted acquision method which compensate compton scatter event by event is thought to be promising in the nuclide with lower enegy emitter.
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KOUJI MISHIO
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1640-1645
Published: October 01, 1989
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Though the use of instruments for SPECT imaging is prevailing, the SPECT images from the several instruments appears many difference in quality respectively. For the purpose of studying the cause of different image quality between several instruments, SPECT images of the same phantom were acquired and processed using 6 instruments in 5 institutes to compare. Up to now the quality of SPECT images was fundamentally dependent on the hardware, but factors of software, such as reconstruction algorithms and determinations of several parameters seemed to have more important effect upon the image quality. The adoption of appropriate processing method after minimizing the imaging deterioration due to the hardware would make the difference of image quality minimum, and could make the standardization of SPECT imaging possible.
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YASUAKI SHOJI, YASUO AIZAWA, TAKENORI HACHIYA, EIICHI HAGAMI, HIROSHI ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1646-1653
Published: October 01, 1989
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Positron emission tomography (PET) measures quantitative values of physiological and biochemical functions by means of quantitative measurements of tracer concentrations in vivo and sophisticated tracer labeled by positron emitting radioisotopes (^<11>C, ^<13>N, ^<15>O, and ^<18>F). In order to achieve quantitative measurements as a clinical diagnostic tool we should remind several points to maintain data quality in routine PET study as follows: That is, cyclotron and radio-synthesis system should be managed properly, physical characteristics of PET device should be known to convert tracer concentration to physiological functions, maintenance of PET devices should be done properly, and circumstances of subject side should be kept to be comfortable to keep steady positron for rather long scan period.
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HIROSHI FUJIE
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1654-1661
Published: October 01, 1989
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Fifty-five patients of cerebral occlusive diseases were studied using IMP and single photon emission tomograph (HEADTOME-II). Early imaging was begun after intravenous injection of IMP and delayed imaging was performed 3 hours more later. We classified the change of IMP distribution into 4 types, type 1 : no uptake of the lesion in both early and delayed images, type 2 : low IMP uptake of the lesion in early images but recognized redistribution of IMP in delayed images, type 3 : high IMP uptake of the lesion in both early and delayed images, type 4 : high IMP uptake of the lesion in early images but it decreased more rapidly in delayed images. In cases of type 3 and 4 recanalization of the occlusive arteries was found by cerebral angiography. The difference of IMP distribution has relation to the time of recanalization and the amount of collateral circulation at the lesion. Clinical prognosis shows a tendency to be better in cases of type 2 and 4 than type 1 and 3. IMP brain scans with SPECT seems useful for estimating the prognosis of patients.
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TOORU FUJITA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1662-1663
Published: October 01, 1989
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SHIGEHARU HORIO
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1664-1671
Published: October 01, 1989
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1672-1680
Published: October 01, 1989
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1680-1681
Published: October 01, 1989
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1682-1685
Published: October 01, 1989
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1686-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1686-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1686-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1686-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1686-1687
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1687-1688
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1688-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1688-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1689-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1689-
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Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1689-
Published: October 01, 1989
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1689-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1690-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1690-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1690-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1690-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1690-1691
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1692-1694
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 45 Issue 10 Pages
1695-1696
Published: October 01, 1989
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