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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
Cover13-
Published: September 01, 1980
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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
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Published: September 01, 1980
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Article type: Index
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
Toc5-
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
i-x
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MASAO HOSHINA, ISAO GOTO
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
547-554
Published: September 01, 1980
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The dose distribution is affected by irregular body contours and oblique beam incidence. In above conditions depth dose rates were measured with the paraffin wax filter to compensate tissue deficit. The thickness of this filter (compensator) to compensate for reduction in scattered radiation were determined for mounting distance of compensator 30 cm. The thickness ratios of compensator needed to absorbed the same amount of radiation as a given thickness of tissue deficit were respectively 0.76,0.60 and 0.60 for field size 5×5,10×10 and 15×15cm^2. The results obtained are as follows : 1) If the compensating filter is used, the dose rates on a central axis agree within ±2%. 2) The dose rates on a central and off axis for oblique beam incidence agree within ±3%.
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KAZUHIKO SAITO
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
555-567
Published: September 01, 1980
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The automatic exposure control devices used in Japan, are ionization chamber devices, and photo-multiplier fluorescence X-ray detector devices (so called phototimer). Phototimers occupy 93% of the distributions. The components of the automatic exposure control systems are the X-ray termination timing unit and the X-ray generator (Fig. 1). To evaluate these systems' performances, first of all, it is necessary to consider the dynamic characteristics of the X-ray generators. The X-ray generators' dynamic characteristics at the view point of the automatic exposure control systems are accuracy of X-ray tube voltage, tube current, and opening and closing response of the main circuit. Though the automatic exposure control device has an excellent performance, the total system performance may be in lower state with the poor X-ray generator dynamic characteristics. The fundamental characteristics of the automatic exposure control systems are response time, X-ray tube voltage dependence and object thickness characteristics. This report deals with these fundamental characteristics and states the performances of several kinds of the systems actually working in Japan. The respective shortest response time of these systems, built in a 12 peak generator and 2 peak generators, are 5,39 and 60ms. The shortest X-ray termination delay time from the termination timing of the device is 1ms of a 12 peak generator, and 10 ms of a 2 peak generator. The range of most of generators, is 1-30 ms. Tube voltage dependence compensations are insufficient. Object thickness charcteristics are well designed for several types and insufficient for a few systems. Film density differences for phantom thicknesses from 5cm to 20cm, are 0.1-0.4. The difference 0.4 means worse characteristics. The clinical radiographs by means of these systems are illustrated in this report. These evaluation methods are usefull for diagnostic radiological technology and the quality assurance.
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HISAYUKI MURANISHI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
568-578
Published: September 01, 1980
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The X-ray detective area and shape (Phototimer, Iontimer, Solidtimer, ) are very important subject on a automatic exposure systems. In this study we explain about the result for the basic problems of conventional utilized systems. The basic problems contains are the photo pick-up area and total characteristics of the automatic exposure system. Selection of photo pick-up area were introduced by statistics caluculation. Statistics calucalation was measured by the data of density distribution of 240 radiographies. The result of clinical uses, the our experimental photo pick-up is better than the convertional utilized type. Tube voltage characteristics of phototimer was given expression to ratio of screen and fluorescence paper of photo pick-up. We made explained that the phantom thickness characteristics was caused by the existence of reciprocity law failure. Phantom thickness characteristics and tube voltage characteristics are compensated with corrector circuit. The problem of time response for high speed cut off signal is settled when the X-ray controller used a high speed contactless switching unit.
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MASAJI OKAZAKI, YASUO HIURA, TAKESHI TAKADA, KAZUO IZAWA, OSAMU HIRUMA ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
579-585
Published: September 01, 1980
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Recently, almost all X-ray diagnostic devices for GI series are provided with automatic control unit of exposure time in radiography. However, it is not so simple to obtain always X-ray pictures of best quality which contain constant film density suited with the diagnostic examination of GI series, because the performance of the automatic control unit of exposure time in radiography is under the influence of tube voltage, thickness of the object, responsibility for very short time exposure, the covered area with contrast material on the input screen and the exposed area in the spot filming. The authors investigated the effect on the film density in respect to the above mentioned factors which have influence on the performance of the automatic control unit of exposure time in radiography, especially on the unit combined with an image intensifier. The results are as follows : 1) Film density as a function of tube voltage or the thickness of the object is more stable for the generators of 12 pulse three phase rectification than for the generators of single phase rectification. 2) The diagnostic table of over-tube system is superior to those of under-tube system on the film density as a function of tube voltage, and when using image intensifier fluorography the effect of the thickness of the object on the film density is reduced to a minimum. 3) Although the effect of covering on the input screen of an image intensifier on the film density is maximum at the central area of the screen, the effect of scattered radiation on the film density can not be negligible. The smaller the thickness of the object is, the more conspicuous is the increase of the film density and when the location of covering in the exposed object grows distant from the table-top the increase of the film density becomes more conspicuous. Generally speaking, the automatic control unit of exposure time in radiography, because of various supplemental circuits, dischages its essential function which produces a constant film density as far as the object of homogeneous construction concerned. However, inability of this sort of unit due to covering of photo pick-up area with contrast material is an urgent problem to be solved.
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TAKASHI WAKAMATSU
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
586-598
Published: September 01, 1980
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Recently, more and more, with the progress of the development of high resolution image intensifier and high out put X-ray tube, a method of angiography of using image intensifier has been remarkably advanced. Therefore, on this paper, in relation to the total system of radiography, we will be discussing automatic exposure control system which occupies one of the most important position on rapid sequence and cine-angiography with image intensifier.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
599-601
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
602-603
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
603-604
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
604-
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
604-
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
604-
Published: September 01, 1980
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
604-
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
604-620,684,68
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
605-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
605-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
605-606
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
606-607
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
607-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
607-608
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
608-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
608-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
608-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
608-609
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
609-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
609-610
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
610-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
610-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
610-611
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
611-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
611-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
611-612
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
612-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
612-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
612-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
612-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
612-613
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