衛生動物
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
65 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
原著
  • 津田 良夫, 林 利彦
    原稿種別: 原著
    2014 年 65 巻 3 号 p. 131-137
    発行日: 2014/09/25
    公開日: 2015/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    2003年5月から2013年12月まで週1回,国立感染症研究所構内にドライアイストラップを設置して,疾病媒介蚊のサーベイランスを行った.トラップは地面から7.5 mの高さにある樹冠部と地上(1.5 m)の2ヶ所に設置し,24時間継続採集を行った.これまでに3属,7種類,10,546個体の蚊成虫が捕獲され,ヒトスジシマカとアカイエカ群が全体の99.7%を占めていた.3番目に多く採集されたコガタアカイエカは初春に6個体,晩夏から秋に12個体が採集された.アカイエカ群は樹上のトラップでの採集数の方が地上のトラップよりも多く,これに対してヒトスジシマカは樹上では1~15%しか採集されておらず,探索行動の違いが示唆された.アカイエカ群の雌成虫密度は6月上旬から8月上旬に高く,この時期のアカイエカ群に関連したリスクが高いと予想された.また,ヒトスジシマカの雌成虫密度は7月中旬から10月中旬に高く,この時期にヒトスジシマカによって媒介される病原体の流行リスクが高いと考えられた.
  • Samuel ADU-ACHEAMPONG, Rosina KYEREMATEN, Samuel DADZIE, Maxwell APPAW ...
    原稿種別: Original Article
    2014 年 65 巻 3 号 p. 139-145
    発行日: 2014/09/25
    公開日: 2015/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was to provide baseline information on patterns of coil usage, user acceptability and susceptibility levels of mosquito coils in some parts of Accra, Ghana. Three hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered to obtain information on knowledge and perception of respondents on the usage of mosquito coils. Adult Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were tested for resistance to pyrethroid based mosquito coils using WHO standard protocol for testing household insecticide products. A total of 152 out of 320 respondents were direct users of coils. Close to 62% of this number frequently changes brands of coil they use. Over 61% of coil users indicated their willingness to continue to use coils even though there are adverse effects after use. Anopheles gambiae s.s. was the only species that was found in the study area. Mortalities of An. gambiae s.s. after exposure to coils were 37% for Angel®, 37.5% for Lord® and 15% for Heaven mosquito coil brands. More than half of the inhabitants in the area used coils to prevent mosquito bites. However, high levels of resistance was detected for all the three pyrethroid-based coils because West African kdr was detected in about 59% of samples of Anopheles gambiae s.s. that survived the exposure.
  • Mohamad REZA, 山本 大介, 松岡 裕之
    原稿種別: 原著
    2014 年 65 巻 3 号 p. 147-150
    発行日: 2014/09/25
    公開日: 2015/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    我々は以前の研究で,2.4 ppm の銅溶液により2週間以内に蚊幼虫(Anopheles stephensi)が死亡することを見出したため,銅溶液のオビトラップへの利用を考え実験を行った.3種類の蚊(An. stephensi, Aedes albopictusおよびCulex pipiens pallens)幼虫を用意し10 ppmの銅溶液中に放つと,幼虫は96時間以内に90%以上が死亡した.3.3 ppmの銅溶液のもとではCx. pipiens pallensは他の2種に比べて感受性が強く,60%が24時間以内に死亡した.An. stephensiAe. albopictus は48時間後にもまだ50%が生存していた.さらなる実験としてAn. stephensi, Ae. albopictusおよび野生のAn. sinensisに対して,10 ppmの銅溶液と銅を含まない水(0 ppm)への産卵を観察したところ,3種とも10 ppmの銅溶液と銅を含まない水とを区別することなく産卵した.これらの結果は銅溶液をオビトラップに用いることで,安価な蚊幼虫防除ができる可能性を示している.
  • 鶴川 千秋, 川田 均
    原稿種別: 原著
    2014 年 65 巻 3 号 p. 151-155
    発行日: 2014/09/25
    公開日: 2015/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiments on blood feeding of Aedes aegypti using the artificial membrane feeding system (Hemotek Ltd., Blackburn, UK), selection of good animal bloods and membranes, which were commercially available from reagent manufacturers or food companies, as good experimental materials for artificial membrane feeding of mosquitoes, were carried out. Among the 3 kinds of preserved bloods (chicken, bovine, and equine), the equine defibrinated blood, and the equine hemolyzed blood, the preserved bloods gave the best feeding results. Natural porcine gut for sausage casing was the most successful membrane as compared to the two collagen films and Parafilm®. Combinational use of the bovine preserved blood and the porcine gut membrane gave good feeding results for Ae. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.
  • 山西 浩
    原稿種別: 原著
    2013 年 65 巻 3 号 p. 157-162
    発行日: 2014/09/25
    公開日: 2015/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    A survey of Paragonimus ohirai metacercariae in the brackish water crab Sesarma dehaani was conducted from 2010 to 2013 on the Kikuyajima Sandbank near the mouth of the Maruyama River in northern Hyogo Prefecture. The infection rates from 2010 to 2013 were 88.3%, 81.6%, 84.4% and 87.5%, respectively. The numbers of metacercariae per crab were 14.8, 10.9, 6.7 and 10.9 from 2010 to 2013, respectively. The maximum number of metacercariae found in a single crab was 163 in 2010, 97 in 2011, 41 in 2012 and 84 in 2013. On the opposite shore of the Kikuyajima Sandbank, the infection rate of S. dehaani with P. ohirai metacercariae was 35.3% in 2011.
    Adding the data from 2001 to 2009, the change of the infection rate and the numbers of metacercariae per crab were considered. Despite the high infection rates observed on the Kikuyajima Sandbank, the number of P. ohirai metacercariae in S. dehaani was recently observed to decrease through 13 years.
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