Four species of bat-fleas from Hokkaido and their hosts are studied. They are Nycteridopsylla nipopo from Murina aurata ussuriensis, Ischnopsyllus (Ischnopsyllus) elongatus from Noctula lasiopterus aviator, Ischnopsyllus (Ischnopsyllus) obscurus from Vespertilio superans, and Ischnopsyllus (Ischnopsyllus) needhami from Vespertilio superans. The occurence of I. obscurus in the north-eastern part of Hokkaido is recorded here for the first time.

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In order to investigate the relationship between calendar age of mosquitoes and physiological age determined by the observations of ovarioles after Detinova (1962) the examinations were carried out at 25°C and 80-90% RH conditions with the colonies of Culex pipiens pallens which have been collected in Tokyo and maintaned in this laboratory. The results showed that by 24 hours after emergence the follicles developed from N stage by Detinova to the stage I by Christophers. The follicles remained to I stage unless the mosquito fed on blood meals, however they continued to grow and the diameter reached to around 80 microns on three days after the emergence then kept almost same size until blood feeding. By three days after emergence over the half number of female mosquitoes took the blood meals and after six days over 90% were observed to finish blood feeding and also mating, which was determined by the presence of sperms in the spermatheca. After engorgement the follicles started to develop; by three days they reached to V stage and the longer diameter grew from around 100 microns up to about 550-600 microns. However the actual ovipositions took place a little later, and it was six days after engorgement that more than half of examined mosquitoes had been found to lay eggs. In twenty four hours after oviposition the saclike dilatations formed at ovariole pedicels completed their contraction and made the relics, therefore a considerable part of mosquitoes which were obtained in the field and found to have one relic per ovariole, that is, determined of one physiological age, could be considered to have elapsed around ten days after emergence. The mosquitoes which finished the oviposition were found to refeed on animals in a remarkablly short period after laying eggs; by 15 hours after oviposition more than half of the mosquitoes were observed to reengorge still having sac-like dilatations in ovaries. Whereas the period required to make the second oviposition could be considered to be almost the same with that in the first gonotrophis cycle, the second egg-laying would occur around 16 to 17 days after the emergence of the mosquito. So the physiological age of two would correspond to around 16-17 days of calendar age in the majority of mosquitoes.

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One year observation on the fluctuation of population density of Culex pipiens pallens was carried out in a large cave and in the chicken houses outside of the cave located in the vicinity of Tokyo, from Feburuary of 1963 to Feburuary of 1964. Physiological age was also determined with each collected specimens in accordance with Detinova's method and seasonal changes of age composition of the population were observed. The data on the density combined with those on age composition facilitated the dynamic analysis of natural population of mosquitoes. Five phases were distinguished concerning to activity of mosquito population on the basis of changes in density and age composition; that is, hibernating phase in winter, reactivated phase in the early spring, first generation in spring, proliferating phase in summer, and pre-hibernating phases in autumn. The parous rate of population which is hibernating in the cave was observed constantly at the level of around six or seven per centage. Although all of the parous mosquitoes of hibernating population were found to have only one relic at ovariolar pedicles, the fact indicated that at least a part of hibernating mosquitoes did take a blood meal before entering into hibernation. This would be of interest pertaining to possibility of overwintering of some arthropod-born viruses by adult females of hibernating mosquitoes. The temporal decrease of population density was observed to take place in the midst of summer season. The slight aging tendency which was concurrently noticed in the age composition of adult population of this season suggests that decrease of number of adults could be resulted from decrease of pipiens larvae by their natural enemy, i. g. the larvae of Culex vorax which is well known to breed in breeding places of pipiens larvae in that season. The developing stage of follicles in ovaries were found all remaining at Christophers's I stage in mosquitoes which were hibernating in the cave, however, the most parts of mosquitoes in active seasons were observed to have the follicles at II or III stage. As the latter specimens of mosquito were collected inside of the chicken houses at around three o'clock in the afternoon, and the majority of them were shown to have blood clot in stomach, it may be natural that the follicles had developed to some extent by that time after engorgement. However as it was reported in the previous paper of this series, the period required for the follicles to develop up to II or III stage would be about 24 hours at 25℃, a fact suggested that mosquitoes remained for a considerable period in chicken houses after taking a blood meal.

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著者は前報において, コナダニの種類によつて炭水化物の消化酵素の活性度に強弱があることを報告し, またそれがそのコナダニの食性に関係するのではないかと推論した.今回は3種コナダニにおける炭水化物の利用率を観察するために, 種々の炭水化物とエビオス混合飼料におけるコナダニの繁殖状況を観察した.Glucose, lactose, sucrose, dextrine, starchに種々の割合(0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%)にエビオスの混合した飼料におけるサトウダニ, ムギコナダニ, ケナガコナダニの繁殖状況を観察した.温度25℃, 湿度は75%R.H.に一定した.1)サトウダニ, 繁殖状況はエビオスのみの飼料よりも, 少糖類を40〜60%加えた飼料での増殖率が高かつた.starchを混じた飼料においてはエビオスのみの飼料より増殖が悪かつた.2)ムギコナダニ, glucose, lactoseを加えた飼料ではエビオスのみの飼料より繁殖が悪かつた.sucroseを20〜40%加えた飼料ではエビオスのみの飼料と比べ増殖率が高かつた.多糖類が40〜60%加わつた飼料の繁殖密度はエビオスのみの飼料より上廻つた.3)ケナガコナダニ, 少糖類混入の飼料の繁殖密度はエビオスのみの飼料より低かつた.しかし, 少糖類20〜40%混入飼料でもかなりの増殖がみられ, 少糖類も相当利用されるものと思われる.多糖類の利用は甚だよく, 多糖類の20%混入飼料での増殖率が最高となつた.4)すなわち, サトウダニでは少糖類の利用が盛んであるが, 多糖類の利用は悪い.ムギコナダニは逆に多糖類の利用度がよく, 少糖類は利用されない.ケナガコナダニは両者の中間の型を示し, サトウダニ程ではないが, 少糖類も良く利用し, 多糖類もムギコナダニにはおよばないが, かなり繁殖に用いられる.

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The breeding places and some habits of tabanid flies concerning with their control were investigated in the mountainous regions of Yamagata and Niigata Prefectures in 1964. The results were as follows : 1. The larvae of Tabanus iyoensis, adults of which are prevalent in the mountainous regions, were found beneath decayed leaves lied thick on bushy ground. 2. The larvae of T. sapporoensis were also collected beneath decayed leaves lied on somewhat watery places. 3. Some knowledges concerning with the breeding places of mountainous tabanids such as Chrysozona rufipennis, Tabanus chrysurus, Silvius matsumurai, etc. were also obtained. 4. Most (93%) of the tabanid larvae collected from rice fields were identified with those of Tabanus mandarinus, and others were those of T. takasagoensis, Chrysops van-der-wulpi and an unidentified species. 5. No larvae of bloods sucking tabanids were obtained from sandy soil of river-bank. 6. Tabanid larvae fed on earthworms, Limnodrilus gotoi and Pheretima communissima. 7. Some types of seasonal occurrence were recognized : Chrysops japonicus appeared late in April and vanished early in May, Tabanus fulvimedioides appeared late in June and vanished about the middle of July when many other tabanids began to come out, and Chrysops basalis appeared late in August when the tabanid occurrence declined. Most of tabanids appeared in midsummer, while the occurrence of Chrysops van-der-wulpi and Tabanus amaenus were thought to last long from late in May to the end of August. 8. The tabanids which occurred before the midsummer were thought to appear later and those which occurred after the midsummer earlier in mountains than those on plains, therefore the duration of tabanid occurrence in mountains was observed to be shorter than that on plains. 9. Peaks of occurrence of T. iyoensis, T. mandarinus and T. trigonus were seen at the middle of August. 10. The duration of occurrence of T. iyoensis at the upper stream of Tamagawa River, Yamagata Prefecture, was about a month from late in July to late in August. More than 90% of tabanids collected at their most prevalent period of the middle of August were occupied by T. iyoensis. 11. Most of T. iyoensis were observed to attack cattle and men in the early evening (6.00〜7.00P.m.). 12. T. iyoensis and some other species were observed to be attracted by carbonic acid gas originated from dry ice. 13. Some of T. iyoensis and T. sapporoensis were observed to be attracted by a fluorescent lamp. 14. The cow applied with the repellent (main element : Dimethylphthalate) on body surface was prevented from attack of tabanids.

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1.1962年の4月より1963年の2月まで都内渋谷, 原宿, 代々木の浄化槽における蚊の出現季節消長, および1963年の4月より1964年1月まで都内原宿の出現季節消長を調査した.浄化槽の構造は渋谷, 原宿は基準型浄化槽で代々木は特殊平面浄化槽であつた.2.水温は渋谷の浄化槽が7°〜29℃, 原宿の浄化槽では4°〜32℃で, 代々木の浄化槽は暖房配管の近くであるため最低水温12℃, 最高水温は32℃であつた.3.発生消長は1962年の調査によると渋谷では7月初旬から12月まで発生し, この間の水温は8.5°〜29℃であつたが夏期の高温期は減少した.原宿の浄化槽では6月中旬より出現し, 8月の高温期に一時減少して, 9月より増加しはじめ, 1月下旬まで棲息していた.この間の水温は5.5°〜32℃であつた.1963年における調査では6月下旬から少数出現し, 8月中はほとんど幼虫は見つけることが困難であつた.9月に入り増加しはじめ12月初旬まで棲息していた.この間の水温は5.5°〜29℃であつた.4.環境条件としてpH, 透視度, CODをしらべたが, 発生量との間に関係は見出せなかつた.5.種構成をしらべた結果, 渋谷では8月半ばまでアカイエカ, それ以後, チカイエカと混棲し, 9月よりチカイエカのみとなるが, 10月下旬より11月中旬まで再び混棲していた.原宿の浄化槽では8月までアカイエカのみで, 9月に入りチカイエカと混棲し, 10月よりチカイエカのみとなつた.1963年の同地区の調査では7月および9月初旬はチカイエカのみで以後10月初旬までチカイエカと混棲し, 10月中旬以後, チカイエカのみとなつた.6.実験室内に飼育中のアカイエカおよびチカイエカを交雑させ, 正逆共に得られたF_1の♂の外部生殖器のDV/D, およびVentral armの幅を計測した結果, 中間値であつた.採集個体群では中間値のphallosomeはみられなかつた.7.代々木の浄化槽において駆除の1法として, 排気管の出入口にスクリーンをかけ, マンホールの間隙を修理し, 予備濾過槽に殺虫剤を撒いた所確実な効果を認めた.

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(1)予備濾過槽内に発生するチカイエカを駆除する場合に, 殺虫剤の効果ばかりでなく, この下流に位置する酸化槽内の濾床微生物の浄化作用におよぼす影響を知る必要があるので一連の実験を行つた.(2) Diazinon 5ppm, malathion 5ppm撒布では濾床生物の総生物数が著しく減少し, 且つ生物相のバランスがくずれてくるので, 浄化機能に影響があつたと思われるが, malathion 1ppm, Baytex 0.25ppmの場合では生物相のバランスがくずれず著しい減少も見られないので影響はなかつたものと考えられた.(3)次に浄化槽内に投入する各種の殺虫剤のチカイエカ幼虫に対する効果を的確に把握するために実験室的並びに実地の殺虫試験を行つた.(4)深川系チカイエカ終令幼虫を用いた実験の場合, 優劣の順序はBaytex, Sumithion, diazinon, malathionで, 汲みおき水道水でも, 実地の予備濾過槽より採取した水でも大差がみられなかつた.(5)実験に用いた浄化槽においては常に流れがあるが, 生物試験の結果, 殺虫剤を投入した直後にくらべ, それが30分後には2〜5倍, 1時間後に, 10〜20倍にうすめられることが分つた.(6)直径30cmの金網かごを予備濾過槽に沈め, チカイエカ終令幼虫を投入して, 薬剤を撒布し, 流れのある状態での24時間後の致死率を見た.Diazinonの場合, 予備濾過槽の水量に対して0.5ppmで50%, 1ppmでも若干の終令幼虫が生残つたが, BaytexとSumithionでは0.25ppmの投入で100%の致死率がみられるので, 幼虫を駆除するのに最適と考えられた.またTechnical DDTでは10ppmでも66.9%の致死率しかみられなかつた.(7)成虫対策としてDDVPのResin stripを消毒槽に吊下げ, サランの網で通気孔を塞いだ場合, 24時間後に槽内の羽化成虫を死滅させることが出来た.

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