雑食性ゴキブリ3種の, 食物発見と摂食反応を引きおこす米ぬかと炭水化物の刺激の物質的基礎は, (1)n-ヘキサン可溶で揮発性のolfactory attractants, (2)n-ヘキサン不溶, メタール又は水に可溶のfeeding stimulants, (3)水に不溶, n-ヘキサン可溶のfeeding stimulants, (4)糖及びその類縁化合物の刺激の4項目に分類出来る.(2)の相当部分は(4)に属するものであろう.米ぬかのn-ヘキサン抽出物の中性フラクションには3種とも誘引される.マルトース, L-アラビノース, ソルビトール, フラクトース, スクロース等の炭水化物に対して, 3種とも摂食反応を起す.しかし, ガラクトースは, 3種のうちクロゴキブリだけに強く作用し, マンニトールにはワモンゴキブリとチャバネゴキブリだけがよく反応する.又米ぬかのn-ヘキサン抽出物の酸性フラクションに対してチャバネゴキブリ成虫は誘引され難いが, 他の2種の成虫は誘引される.一方, ワモンゴキブリのふ化直後の幼虫はn-ヘキサン抽出物に誘引されるが, それに対する摂食反応は弱く, その酸性フラクションには誘引されない.しかし成虫はいずれにも誘引, 摂食反応を示し, 特に摂食反応は酸性フラクションに対して強かつた.このようなageの差による反応の相異が他の2種でもあるかどうかは未調査である.

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富士山において, 夏季のハエの垂直分布を調査した.調査は, 天候の最も安定している7月下旬を選び, 高度計を用いて海岸より標高500mごと, 3500mまでの間に8地点を選び, 各地点で馬肉を餌としたハエトリカゴを設置し, ハエを採集した.得られたハエは研究室で種類を同定し, 個体数を数えた結果, 4科, 19属, 35種, 2371個体であつた.その大多数はクロバエ科に属し, 約75%を占め, 調査地点では1500mが最も多く, それは, ホホグロオビキンバエの出現によるものである.2000m以上の高山地帯では, クロバエ科の3種, オオクロバエ, ミヤマクロバエ, ケブカクロバエが優位種で, 海岸(0m)では, 人家附近で発生するキンバエ族とニクバエ科のハエが多くみられた.これらのハエは, それぞれの種ごとに特有の分布域を有し, それは, 気温, 湿度などの気候条件と植物相, 発生源の有無など有機的, 無機的な環境条件に左右されると考えられる.しかし, 最大の条件は気温であるように思われる.採集されたハエの種および個体数などから見ると, 夏季のハエの垂直分布は, 次のごとく大体4つの分布帯が考えられる.1)0〜500m.2)500〜1500m.3)1500〜2500m.4)2500m以上.

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An investigation of bovine thelaziasis and its vectors was conducted on Miyake Island, Tokyo, during the period of September 16th-23rd, 1963. The results are as follows : 1. Adults of Thelazia species collected from the eyes of the cows were mostly T. rhodesi, and a few specimens of T. skrjabini was also captured. 2. Twelve cows were examined and they were all infected with Thelazia. Some of them were infected with both T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini. 3. The flies found on the cows were mainly Musca convexifrons and Morellia simplicissima. 4. Seventy one males and 1, 310 females of Musca convexifrons were dissected, and 7 females were infected with thelazian larvae. These thelazian larvae were identified as Thelazia rhodesi. Twenty five males and 179 females of Morellia simplicissima were dissected, but no thelazian larvae were found from them. 5. Infection rate showed a direct correlation with ovarial development in M. convexifrons. The highest infection rate was found among the flies with fully developed ovaries. 6. The vectors of Thelazia rhodesi were females of M. convexifrons. The vectors of Thelazia skrjabini were not found in this survey, but females of M. convexifrons were estimated to be the vectors.

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(1)アカイエカの捕食者であるトラクカクイカ幼虫の下水溝での分布様式は2m位と10cm位の範囲に入る2つの集団として認められた.この大きな集団は1卵塊が分散したものと考えられ, アカイエカ個体群にトラフカクイカが混り合わないで集団として行動しており, その集団の部分でアカイエカの個体数に大きな減少がみとめられた.(2)実験室内において孵化直後, 幼虫はわりと早く分散し集中度は弱まつていくが, 2日目, 2令に達すると分散は弱まる.しかしなお, 集中的分布を保つていた.(3)アカイエカ幼虫の密度と捕食数は単分子反応曲線の関係をもち, 老命幼虫ではある程度以上の密度では捕食効果を高める可能性がないことがわかつた.しかし初令幼虫だけは実験に供した密度の範囲では捕食効率を高めることが認められた.この初令の捕食効率は2令以後のものと質的にちがうと考えられた.そしてこのことは特異的な成長曲線をもたらすと考えられた.(4)アカイエカ幼虫が存在する場では共喰いによる減少はあまり起きなかつた.これは捕食行動として定位してあまり移動しないことによりお互に接触する機会が少ないためと考えられた.

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4令幼虫期にgreen色を呈し, autogeny形質を有するCulex pipiens molestusのGr系と, anautogenyのpallens型のKa系との正逆交雑を実験室内でおこない, 次のような結果を得た.1.この両系の雌雄のかけ合わせによつてえたF_1の卵は, ふ化率が極めて低く, Gr♀×Ka♂の場合には0.1%にすぎず, 36.8%は胎死卵(卵内に幼虫が完成してもふ化しないもの), 63.1%は未熟卵(不受精卵と推定される)であつた.Ka♀×Gr♂の場合のF_1は, ふ化卵1.8%, 胎死卵53.1%, 未熟卵45.1%であつた.これら少数のF_1個体から成虫を育て, さらにF_2卵を作らせたところ, このふ化率は, Gr♀×Ka♂の場合50.0%, Ka♀×Gr♂の場合87.3%と高率を示した.2.幼虫の色形質発現については, F_1ではすべてGrを示し, F_2ではKa♀×Gr♂の場合, Gr(Gr系の幼虫の色)20.6%, Wd(Ka系の幼虫の色)19.0%, In(GrとWdの混合色)60.4%に分離した.このことからGrという形質が単純な優性ではなく, 多形質遺伝子によるものと推定された.3.Parentの代のGr系はすべてautogenyであり, Ka系はすべてautogenyであつたが, その間の雑種におけるautogenyの出現率は非常に低く, 平均してF_1では6.7%, F_2では3.8%であつた.Autogenyの発現と幼虫の色の発現との間に関連は認められなかつた.

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It is anticipated that the effect of fly-maggots larvicide is influenced by the absolute volume of the used diluent under "the dilution contact method", in which the test insects are exposed to a certain depth of, or a thin layer of, insecticide dilution for 48 hours and mortality counts are made. The relationship between the used volume of lindane emulsion at the various concentrations and the LC-50 value was investigated using last inster larvae of the flesh fly, Boettecherisca peregrina (Rovineau-Desvoidy), in a test cotainer of 9cm diameter and 6cm in height. The volume of the each diluent was 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16ml, respectively. Through this investigation, it was experimentally confirmed that the relationship between the volume of the used diluent and the LC-50 value showed an inverse correlation as a single straight line. In any series of the experiments, 4ml application has given the most stable LC-50 value. The absolute amount of the active ingredient will be expressed as an index which is obtained by the product of the volume of diluent at each dilution and the concentration. Experiments showed that the more the volume of diluent at each dilution was used, the more the mortality was determined even when the index value was constant. It seems to be influenced by the additional drowning effect. On the contrary, in case of the 1ml application the mortality decidedly decreases. An explanation of this phenomenon will be reported elsewhere.

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A series of experiments was made with larvae of Culex pipiens s. l., to determine factors influencing the effects of larvicides under different water conditions. DDVP, diazinon, ronnel, lindane, malathion, Sumithion, Baytex, dieldrin and p, p'-DDT were used as the larvicides. The fourth instar larvae were exposed to various concentrations of the larvicides in water for different periods of time, ranging from 1 minute to 24 hours. The results showed that in order to obtain the same mortalities in one-tenth the exposure time, it was necessary to increase the amount of toxicants about 10 fold. This relationship between exposure and the amount of toxicants was applicable to most of the larvicides tested, with a few exceptions in cases of some concentrations of lindane or dieldrin. Under the stable water conditions effectiveness of the larvicides was reduced by adding organic materials which absorbed the toxicants. However, the addition of either non-absorbable or water-soluble materials such as starch or sugar did not appear to influence the effects of the larvicides. The absorption of the toxicants into the organic materials appeared to contribute to the reduction of the effects. The quantities of the toxicants which were absorbed into the compound were greatest in DDT and dieldrin, with the following descending order : Baytex, Sumithion, ronnel and diazinon. The absorption of DDVP was not evident in all the compounds tested which is free from active carbon. Active carbon absorbed large amounts of the toxicants in comparison with the others. Three grams of the absorptive materials were added to 100ml of water containing 2ppm of the toxicants, and maintained under sterilized condition for 4 days at 25℃. Results were as follows, with the quantity absorbed given in brackets. Filter paper-DDVP (7.5%), -diazinon (9.0%), -Sumithion (26.5%), -Baytex (36.5%) and -DDT (87.5%). Wood chips- DDVP (19.5%), -diazinon (81.0%), -Sumithion (79.5%), -Baytex (86.0%) and -DDT (92.5%). Larval diet (standard laboratory animal pellets) -DDVP (25.5%), -diazion (75.0%), -Sumithion (86.0%), -Baytex (86.0%) and -DDT (96.0%). From the results of this experiment, it has been found that the descending order of the absorption to the materials was as follows : active cabron > larval diet, wood chips > soil > filter paper > talc, kaolinum, bentonite. There was little absorption of most toxicants by starch or diatomaceous earth. Experiments were carried out with the toxicants at dilutions ranging from 0.1 to 100ppm in which either 90% or 30% of the water containing larvae refreshed daily. Baytex produced 100% mortality for 3 to 4 days with 90% water refreshment and for 12 to 14 days at 30% water refreshment. DDT, dieldrin, and lindane produced almost 100% mortalities with 90% water refreshments for periods of 3 to 4 days, 3 to 4 days and 0 to 3 days, respectively. At 30% water refreshments, almost 100% mortalities were obtained for 4 to 14 days, 5 to 14 days, and 7 to 12 days, respectively, for these three toxicants. Under the conditions of 90% daily-water-refreshment, the residual effects of the larvicides DDT and dieldrin, which showed great reduction of the effect by adding the organic materials in the water of unrefreshed conditions, were decreased more rapidly by addition of the same materials into the water. On the other hand, Baytex, Sumithion, diazinon and lindane produced longer residual effects in water which included the materials thanin deionized water. DDVP was as effective in water including the materials as in deionized water. When excessive amounts of toxicant which produced complete death of the larvae were used, the granular form of Baytex was more effective than that of emulsion under the water refreshment. Factors influencing the residual effects of the larvicides, i. e., the aborption of the toxicants into organic materials, and the release of toxicants from the materials

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室内に煙霧した際の0.3%DDVP油剤残渣について, イエバエ成虫を供試した殺虫実験と化学分析との双方から検討をおこなつた.煙霧は実験用の板を設置した屋内に1m^3当り1mlの割に吹き込み, 煙霧後1時間密閉し, 実験用の板をとりはずした.2時間後, 3日後, および6日後の残渣面に, 高槻系イエバエ20頭宛を接触させて, 時間-落下仰転虫数率を調べた.煙霧2時間後のベニヤ板による結果では, 吹込口よりの距離が近い程殺虫力が強く, また噴出口に対して垂直の面の効力が最強で, 以下, 水平面, 平行面であつた.煙霧3日後のベニヤ板の結果では, 噴出口より5mの距離の垂直面, 水平面でなお殺虫力が残存し, 煙霧6日後においても, 噴出口より5mの距離の垂直面で殺虫力が認められた.また, 噴出口より10mの距離の天井に設置したベニヤ板の殺虫力は, 3日後まで認められた.ベニヤ板のそばに併置したガラス面での残効は認められなかつた.また, 噴出口の正面, 距離10mのところに設置した板の材質を変えた場合, その殺虫力の順位は, 塗料ぬりベニヤ≧ベニヤ>ボード>テックス>塩化ビニール板>シックイであつた.以上の実験結果によれば, DDVP油剤の煙霧で, 屋内の天井や壁面にイエバエを斃しうる殺虫力がつくことが推察される.

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Diazinon抵抗性イエバエの棲息する茨城県鹿島郡鉾田町美原地区において, 5% diazinon乳剤10倍液, 10%Sumithion (fenitrothion)乳剤20倍液, 2.5% diazinon・2.5% isopropyl diazoxon混合乳剤10倍液の残留噴霧を行ない, 次のような結果が得られた.1.この地のイエバエはdiazinonに対して, 感受性系統の20倍以上のResistance ratioを示すが, diazinonの残留噴霧を行なつた結果, ハエ数は多少減少したが, また恢復も速かつた.2.これに比べて, sumithion, あるいは, diazinon・isopropyl diazoxon混合剤の散布地区ではdiazinon地区に比べて, ハエ数の減少の効果がすぐれていた.

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