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265 巻
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原稿種別: 表紙
1978 年265 巻 p. Cover1-
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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原稿種別: 表紙
1978 年265 巻 p. Cover2-
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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原稿種別: 付録等
1978 年265 巻 p. App1-
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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原稿種別: 目次
1978 年265 巻 p. Toc1-
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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原稿種別: 付録等
1978 年265 巻 p. App2-
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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金 武漢, 横山 隆, 田畑 雅幸, 洪 悦郎, 鎌田 英治原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 1-10
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーLaboratory freezing and thawing tests were performed to undertake to provide comprehensive laboratory data on air entrainment which influence to frost resistance of normal weight aggregate concrete at early ages. And it is the aim of this study to present qualitatively and quantitatively a suitable air entrainment which is valid and necessary to prevent the early frost damage of normal weight aggregate concrete by comparing and investigating air content with the other factors influencing to frost damage of concrete at early ages. On the basis of these test conditions, the following observation and conclusions would appear to be warranted; 1. The use of intentionally entrained air results in an excellent effect in frost resistance of concrete at early ages. In case of normal weight aggregate concrete, the adequate amount of intentionally entrained air was found to be 4 percent or more of nominal air content in placing concrete, which is enough capable to get the inferential strength ratio of 80 percent or more after 5 cycles of freezing and thawing, and it is very clear that there is a correlation between air content and early frost resistance of concrete. 2. The influence of freezing temperature, freezing and thawing cycles and kinds of aggregate are not to be compared with intentionally entrained air in the effect of early frost resistance of normal weight aggregate concrete. 3. The strength and water cement ratio give comparatively a corresponding influence in frost resistance of concrete at early ages, while slump give little influence in frost resistance of concrete at early ages. 4. The restoration of strength after early frost damage is to be increased by the curing in water and humid air, but it is considered in actually impossible to expect in practical structures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1174K) -
磯畑 脩原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 11-18
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーA new constitutive model for concrete under multi axial stresses is proposed in relation to the nonlinear stress analysis of the concrete structure by the FEM. An anisotropic formulation is shown by introducing parameters concerning Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio so as to satisfy the reciprocal theorem. Linear relationship of the incremental stress and strain is used by the assumption that the axes of anisotropy are chosen in the principal stress directions and the parameters are represented as the function of the strains in those directions. The fracture condition of the mathematical model consists of the tension cut-off and the octahedral shear failure criteria. The stress-strain relationship of the biaxial compression tests is discussed to determine the values of parameters. And the numerical method is applied to the two ultimate pressure tests on the scaled model prestressed concrete pressure vessels to discuss the compatibility of the measured and calculated data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (801K) -
田中 礼治原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 19-31
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーRecently, many high strength steel bars are used in the reinforced concrete members. But, there are no studies solved this question "How high strength steel bars can be utilized effectively in the R.C. members?". Solving this question is very important to development of high strength steel bars. This study gives an anser to this question. First, this study proves that the steel strength could be utilized effectively in the R.C. members, have a upper limitation, and that the upper limitation is restricted by the following valuable conditions. Secondary, in this study, the upper limitation restricted by the following conditions is analyzed by a theolitical coluculation. Valuable conditions considered in this study are written (1) Flexural failure of the beam and column cross-section. (2) Flexural ductility of the beam and column cross-section. (3) Shear failure of the beam and column member. (4) Shear failure of the beams and columns connection. (5) Reduction of the flexural strength by the bars setted through the beams and columns connection. (6) Anchcorage failure of the bend bars. (7) Bond failure at the beam and column member. In the previous papers (Part I, Part II), the upper limitation of the steel strength can be utilized in the reinforced concrete beams, was analyzed by the upper conditions (1), (2), (3), (4). In this paper, it was proved that the steel strength could be utilized effectively in the reinforced concrete column, was limited by the upper conditions (2), (3), and, the upper limitation was analyzed by the condition (2), (3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1410K) -
鈴木 敏郎, 玉松 健一郎, 久保寺 勲原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 33-43
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーThe experimental study was made on the three dimensional elasto-plastic behavior of space frames consisted of two rigid frames in one direction and two tensile braced frames in the other direction which are general structural system of low steel structures. Test specimens were one story-one bay space frames constructed with four columns and four beams of H-shaped members and with four tensile braces of round steels, and were tested under horizontally loading combined with axial load. From these experimental results, the following difference of the elasto-plastic behavior of space frames from plane frames were clarified. 1. Additional axial force in columns caused by deformation of braced frames makes the difference to the restoring forces of two parallel rigid frames, and torsion of frame is accumulated with repetition of loading cycles. 2. The maximum restoring force and plastic deformation capacity in direction of strong axis of H-shaped columns decrease under the influence of the deformation of columns in direction of weak axis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1309K) -
宇田川 邦明, 高梨 晃一, 田中 尚原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 45-52
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーIn the preceding report, Part I, the following discussion was stated : When H-shaped steel beams are subjected to cyclic and reversed loadings with constant deflection amplitudes, load deflection hysteresis loops are stable within a certain critical deflection amplidute, while they become unstable beyond that deflection. However, the stationary hysteresis loops are again obtained, if the deflection amplitudes are reduced to within the critical one, even after the beams are damaged to deteriorate the strength. If the strength deterioration of the beams subjected to random deflections can be predicted from the results of the constant deflection amplitude tests, it is thought to be one of clues to prediction for failure of beams during an earthquake. Accordingly, in this paper how the strength of beams deteriorates due to various ratios of deflection amplitudes in the unstable deflection amplitude region is examined, and, based on those data, how to evaluate the strength deterioration of the beams subjected to random deflections is shown.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (912K) -
内山 武司, 土橋 由造原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 53-61
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーThe design methods of the reinforced concrete staircase composed of either a system of folded plates or a helicoidal shell have been debated in terms of elastic beam theories, exclusive of very few instances of more rational approaches form elastic, elasto-plastic, vibrationary or other theories of plates and shells. To come before discussion of the entitled design procedure in the existing variform cases of both structural types, the report develops such a method of analysis of elasto-plastic behaviors of the relevant R.C. structures as finite element method using laminated elements, for the purpose of finding general design priciples by comparing the analytical with the available experimental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (944K) -
望月 利男, 北川 博, 小泉 敏一, 長嶋 文雄原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 63-70
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーA new theoretical technique has been presented for the assesment of earthquake response of general yielding structure in previous papers (Part 1〜Part 4). In this paper, the applicability of this theoretical method is verified with on-line real time dynamic test for the pile-ground system. A test apparatus-computer on-line real time system has been developed for the purpose of estimating the vibrational response of structure consisted of members which have nonlinear force-deflecion relation accurately. That is, the tests on restoring force characteristics of members are incorporated into the loops of response analysis executing step by step with digital computer. In above the mentioned two kind of methods, a pile-ground system is converted into the single-degree-of-freedom system excited by accelerations which are sine waves, White noise. El Centro (1940, N-S), Taft (1952, E-W) and Tokyo 101. From the results of the analysis and on-line tests, the average ratio of discreparce is about 10% in the maximum response of acceleration, velocity and displacement between the two methods. It is concluded that the theoretical technique is sufficiently adapted for a dynamic hysteretic properties of structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (893K) -
石丸 辰治原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 71-80
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
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久保 哲夫原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 81-91
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーFor certain important structural systems such as nuclear reactor facilities, dynamic response analysis would be required in the future considering multi-component effects of ground motion input. In a case of simulation of three-dimensional ground motions by use of stochastic processes, a question immediately arises "Should the components of motion be cross correlated in a statistical sense?". If correlated, in addition to properties which establish the respective components, one must specify cross-correlations for the components. An orthogonal set of principal axes is defined for three-dimensional ground motion processes. These principal axes are determined to have maximum, minimum and intermediate values of variance and have zero values of covariance. This property reveals that the corresponding components of motion along the principal axes are fully uncorrelated with one another. Since real earthquake accelerograms are well represented by Gaussian random processes, the three components of motion along a set of the principal axes are statistically independent of one another. Using the concept of principal axes and applying a moving-window technique to the accelerograms recorded during the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971, time-dependent characteristics of three-dimensional ground motion along a set of principal axes are determined. Results of the analysis indicate a significant correlation between horizontal directions of the major and intermediate principal axes and directions from the recording stations to the fault slip zone. In view of the existance of principal axes, it is concluded that the three components of motion can be generated in a stochastic manner being independent of one another, provided that a set of axes along which they are directed is treated as a set of principal axes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1205K) -
尾島 俊雄, 森山 正和原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 93-103
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーIn Part 1, it was observed by field survey in summer that the surface temperatures of various land uses were very different. In this paper, the first, the calculation method of the heat budget about 10 land uses of architectural scale (We called these land uses "10m LUN" i.e. 10m land use number) is described. "10m LUN" are (0) water surface, (1) naked ground, (2) paddy field, (3) grass, (4) shrub, (5) forest, (6) asphalt pavement, (7) Kawara roof, (8) zinc roof, (9) RC roof. Especially important factors about the heat budget are (1) earth surface albedo; p, (2) convective heat transfer coefficient; α_c, (3) mass transfer coefficient; k_q, (4) evaporative ratio; f, (5) thermal characteristics of materials-specific heat; C_p, specific weight; γ, thermal conductivity; λ. The values of these factors were assumed for annual calculation. The second, the results of the observations at the green area (Nagai Park in Osaka city) and various land uses (Tokyo area) were compared with the result of the calculation. From an analysis of the observation in Nagai Park (1974.8.5-8.8), the values of the calculated surface temperature coincided with the values of the observation, as a result of a combination of α_c and f. It was presumed that α_c : Slatyer and MacIlroy's equation and f=0.7. The result was comparatively rational. In an analysis of the observation in Tokyo area (1973.9.2-9.3), the calculation of the heat budget was done about various land uses. Although the surface temperature of the observation varied widely, but its values coincided comparatively with the values of the calculation. But the calculated surface temperature of natural earth surface (10m LUN (1)-(5)) vary widely with the assumption of the evaporative ratio f. The rational assumption about it remains to be proved.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1311K) -
絵内 正道, 荒谷 登原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 105-113
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, the authors obtained the mean temperature at the ceiling θ^^-_sc and of the floor level θ^^-_sf during the hours of heating and mean outdoor temperature θ^^-_o in a day, and calculated θ^^-_is=(θ^^-_sc+θ^^-_sf)/2 as the controlled room air temperature and k=(θ^^-_sc-θ^^-_sf)/(θ^^-_is-θ^^-_o) as the ratio expressing the standard of thermal conditions. Generally as the more the thickness of insulation gets, and the smaller the temperature difference of θ^^-_sc and θ^^-_sf becomes, the ratio k gets smaller. In the early season of heating θ^^-_is in sufficiently insulated houses is controlled low than that in insufficiently insulated houses. And in the case of the convectional heating system, θ^^-_is increases according to the falling of θ^^-_o. On the contrary in the case of the partially and intermittently heated houses by using a stove (semi-radiation type), θ^^-_is decreases according to the falling of θ^^-_o, and in such houses the larger the ratio k becomes, the lower θ^^-_is is controlled. The reason is supposed as follows. In the insufficiently insulated houses, more heat supply will be required in accordance with the falling of θ^^-_o and the radiation from a stove will become stronger to the living space and it will warm human body directly, and thus the controlled room air temperature θ^^-_is will be lower. In this state, if the whole house will be heated by using a stove, the coldness of the floor level and the strong radiation around the stove will spoil the thermal living condition because of the cold air circulation from the adjoining rooms and the stronger radiation by trying to heat more. As the partial heating shall be necessarily done in such insufficiently insulated houses, the intermittent heating shall be inevitably kept because the warmth around a stove will not be necessary at night when there is no one there.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (929K) -
尾島 俊雄, 岡 建雄, 小宮 英孝原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 115-124
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーA heat product device as an urban model which was 3m×3m and was controlled by electrical heater from 2 to 5kw/m^2, was placed in natural wind field to investigate the temperature distributions using 76 thermocouples above the model. Wind profiles and eddy diffusivities were also observed. Summary of results obtained may be as follows. 1. H_m which is the quantity of heat in a certain volume of air above the model and indicates the intensity of the temperature distribution, is proportional to the surface temperature on the model when wind velocity is fixed, and inverse proportional to wind velocity. 2. Observed eddy diffusivities in horizontal direction (D_m) and in vertical direction (D_z) are expressed as, D_m∝V_m・z D_z∝V_m・z^n wher z is height from ground surface, V_m is wind velocity and n is a parameter which is 1.0 when V_m is larger than 1.2m/s and decreases with decrease of wind velocity when V_m is smaller than 1.2m/s. 3. Measured temperature was compared with calculated temperature by a numerical method using the relations above as conditions. Calculated results were well in agreement with experiment results in comparisons of these isotherms, where the correlation coefficients between these results were from 0.88 to 0.98.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1072K) -
宇田川 光弘, 木村 建一原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 125-132
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリー1) 多数室の室温, 除去熱量の計算に壁体の熱伝導を含んだ形で室についての熱平衡式よりなる連立方程式を室温あるいは除去熱量を未知数として解く方法を用いた。この方法では収束計算は不要であり, 室数の次元の連立方程式を解けばよい。また, 熱伝導, 室温変動の計算には後退差分を用いたので計算途中に部材の熱的性質や計算時間間隔の変更が可能であり, 応答係数を用いる方法に比べより広い条件についてのシミュレーションを行なうことができる。2) 室温の計算に必要な連立方程式は対象室数の次元であるため冷暖房システムと室とを組み合わせたシミュレーションにも適用しやすい。この場合, あらかじめ自然室温を計算しておき, 自然室温と除去熱量との関係を用いれば室についての方程式を簡単することができ, シミュレーションの実行上便利である。3) 室温, 除去熱量と外乱との関係をそれぞれの外乱別に表現したが, これを用いて気象条件の室内に及ぼす影響を建築全体について定量的に把握することができる。4) 屋根10cm, 外壁5cmの外断熱を施し, 2重ガラスとしたタウンハウス中間住戸について断熱戸のある場合とない場合の暖房の状態をシミュレートした。断熱戸のない場合でも晴天日は夜間においても南室は暖房が不要であり, 北室でも約500kcal/hの暖房を行なえば室温20℃の設定を保つことができた。また, 断熱戸は負荷を60%程度に減少させ, 室温を0.5〜1.5℃高める効果があることが示された。5) 室内相互ふく射は連立方程式には含まれていないが, 計算精度を高めるためには考慮する必要がある。相互ふく射の扱いは壁体での熱平衡式に線型化したふく射の項を入れれば可能であるが, 各壁面の温度が相互に関連するため室数のみの方程式とするのは困難であり, 方程式が建築全体の壁の総数+室数の次元となる。このため実用的には何らかの簡略化を行なう必要がある。6) 計算時間間隔はここでは1時間としたが, 時間間隔と計算精度との関係を明らかにし, 計算目的, 精度に応じ適切な計算時間間隔を選定する必要があろう。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (908K) -
小木曽 定彰, 松本 謙吾原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 133-141
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリー1. Effect of the Slenderness of Buildings The error due to the approximate calculation was examined in the last reports (1971.4). The factor of correction for that error was also indicated as the Table 2 in that report. But that Table was not arranged for the practical use. In this report, that Table was arranged as "the factor of correction due to the slenderness of buildings". 2. Result from the Drawing Experiments 3. Correction to the Direct Result by the Independent Assumption in the Theory of Probability 4. Analysis of the Effect of the Style of Building Distribution 5. Conclusive Indication of the Factor of Correction抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K) -
川道 麟太郎原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 143-152
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリー低層住宅の密集している既成住宅地では, 地区や街区の密度が高くなれば, 一般に, 建物の建詰, 公的空地の不足, 街路網の狭隘複雑化などがすすむ。したがって, 既成住宅地の場合は, 地区や街区の物理的状況を概括的に密度指標によって代表させることができる。しかし, 計画団地の場合は, 密度と空間的条件は一応独立的である。最後に, 密度と児童交遊の間にある変動傾向についてまとめを行なっておく。(1) 低層住宅群の密集する高密から過密段階にある既成住宅地では, 密度の上昇に応じて児童の交遊に一定の変動傾向のあることが認められる。密度が高くなるにつれて, 交友人数は減る傾向が認められ, その友達の地理的分布は自宅近辺の極めて狭い圏域に集中する至近型とその逆の遠方に分散する遠方型の両極の型が増える。友達の学年構成も街区レベルの場合は密度の上昇に応じて通学年型が減っていく。児童の交友関係は, 密度の上昇に応じて, その地理的分布と学年構成でみていわば両極化あるいは中抜け現象とでも呼べるような傾向をみせる。戸外遊び時間の減少や遊び場進出の低下も密度の上昇に準じている。これらの変動傾向は, 常に全般的に現われるとは言えないが, それらは総じて, 地域交遊の縮小化の傾向として受けとめられる性格のものである。(2) しかし, これらの現象は, 純粋に密度因子による影響として確定することはできない。高密度な計画団地の場合, その密度は既成住宅地よりも更に高いものでありながら, 団地の変動傾向は, 既成住宅地の変動傾向の延長線上にのるものではない。高密度な既成住宅地の場合は, 空間的条件が密度依存的(density-dependent)に変化するために, その条件のもとではじめて, 密度が児童交遊に一定の影響を及ぼすように作用していると考えられる。(3) 団地の場合は, 住棟規模や住棟配置と遊び場構成それに高層住棟の階位などの空間的条件の相違による交遊の変動が顕著であり, 密度による影響を十分に抽出できなかった。しかし, 密度との関連を無視することはできない。それは, 計画団地の場合も, 密度と空間的条件の関係が常に独立的であると言えないことが関係していると考えられる。極端に高い密度域では, 建物の高層大規模化, 人口当りの公的空地の縮小化, 空間構成上の画一化, 空間構成スケールの非人間化など, 空間的条件が密度に並行して変化することが考えられる。そのような密度域では, やはり, 高密度とそれによって制約される空間的条件の両者が相俟って, 児童の交遊を制限するようになる。本調査の結果からも, 人口密度の極めて高い公団団地でそのような傾向がみられる。(4) 密度や空間的条件の児童交遊への影響は4, 5年生でみた場合, 概ね, 男子よりも女子においてより強く現われる傾向がうかがえる。主体属性の差異によって, 影響の現われ方に相違の生じている点が注目される。(5) なお, 以上は地域の密度についてであるが, 住宅における混み合いと児童交遊の関係では, 4, 5年生の児童の同室就寝人数を指標としてみた限りで, 特定できる関係を捉えることができなかった。(6) 以上, 日常的場面における密度が人の相互関係に及ぼす影響を, 密度と児童交遊の変動関係に注目してみてきたわけであるが, 密度の影響は, 一般に, 密度と関連する様々な要因との総体的な結果, ないしは, 他の要因が介在することによって, より強く作用したり, あるいは逆に弱められたりすると考えられる。動物学者D.E.デイビスは, 「密集度という言葉は, 動物や植物の様々な現象に関連をもつ高度という言葉に類似している。高度そのものだけでそれらの現象を引き起こすのではなく, 高度と連携する何物かの総体が影響を与えるのである」とする。本研究の結果からみた場合も, 人の集合や分布の程度を示す密度に対して, それをとりまく空間的条件が強く作用し, 密度の影響に介在する重要な要因になっていると考えられる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1269K) -
高野 公男原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 153-162
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーTo imagine a situation is considered to be the general method in planning and design. For example, in architectural planning, the existance of a model has much effect on imagining a situation. Nevertheless in the field concerned with an earthquake, excessive insufficiency of models it difficult to imagine the condition under an earthquake. The purpose of this study is to analyze the background for which to imagine situation is necessary, to present the story simulation, the method to imagine a situation systematically and to report the conception of the simulation model.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1274K) -
玉井 哲雄原稿種別: 本文
1978 年265 巻 p. 163-172
発行日: 1978/03/30
公開日: 2017/08/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1181K)
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