Isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents were investigated on 801 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 9 hospitals during the period of June to November 1988. Of the above total bacterial population, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.3% and a majority of them were Enterococcus spp. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.7% and most of them were Escherichia coli.
1. Enterococcus faecalis
Vancomycin was most active with its MIC₉₀≤0.78μg/ml. Ampicillin, piperacillin, ofloxacin (OFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and imipenem (IPM) were also active.
2. Staphylococcus aureus
Arbekacin and minocycline were most active with their MIC₉₀s 0.39μg/ml and 1.56μg/ml, respectively. Among penicillins, dicloxacillin was the most active. Activities of cephems were considerably lower.
3. E. coli
Most of the agents were tested active. Particularly the second and third generation cephems were active in a range of≤0.10-0.20μg/ml. Carumonam (CRMN), IPM, OFLX and CPFX were also active with MIC90s≤0.10μg/ml
4. Klebsiella pneumoniae
CRMN and IPM were highly active. Penicillins generally showed lower activities. Cephems and new quinolones had high activities with their MIC9os in a range of 0.39-0.78μg/ml.
5. Proteus mirabilis
The third generation cephems were active with their MIC₉₀s in a range of≤0.10-0.20μg/ml. CRMN, OFLX and CPFX were also active with their MIC90s≤0.10μg/ml, 0.39μg/ml and 0.20g/ml, respectively.
6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
IPM and tobramycin were active with their MIC90s 1.56μg/ml and 3.13μg/ml, respectively. CRMN and new quinolones showed MIC₈₀s of 25-100μg/ml. Most of penicillins and cephems were not active.
7. Other Gram-negative rods
Against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens, IPM, CPFX and OFLX were active. Penicillins and cephems were not so active. CRMN was active against S. marcescens with its MICK, at 6.25μg/ml.8

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Clinical background was investigated on 916 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during the period from June to November, 1988.
1. Distribution of sexes, ages and infections
Among males, fifties and older were most frequent and most of them had complicated UTIs. Among females, most cases among twenties or thirties were uncomplicated UTIs. Forties and older cases were most frequent and complicated UTIs were more frequent among them than among patients in twenties and thirties.
2. Distribution of sexes, ages and pathogens isolated from UTIs
In males, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were frequently isolated. In contrast, in females, Escherichia coli was the most frequent. In thirties, E. coli was not the most frequently isolated bacterium. Frequency of Pseudomonas spp., other non-fermented Gram-negative rods and Enterococcus spp. were greater among patients with higher ages.
3. Administration of antibiotics and pathogens isolated from UTIs
(1) Before administration
In uncomplicated UTIs, E. coli accounted for the majority of causative organisms. In complicated UTIs, particularly in those cases with indwelling catheter, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were rather frequently isolated.
(2) After administration
In complicated UTIs, higher number of pathogens were isolated. Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the most frequent. Distribution of pathogens isolated from complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was similar to that before antibiotic administration.

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Sensitivities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during June to November 1988 were compared with those in the same period of previous year according to a classification, uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, and complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter.
No remarkable changes were found in sensitivities of E. coli, Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp. and S. marcescens. The sensitivity of Klebsiella spp. to cephems decreased in complicated UTI without indwelling catheter and increased in complicated UTI with indwelling catheter. The sensitivity of Enterobacter spp. to third generation cephems decreased in complicated UTI with indwelling catheter. Sensitivities of P. aeruginosa to aspoxicillin and cefsulodin increased. The number of resistant strains to new quinolones increased slightly.

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