The bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout Japan, since 1981. IKEMOTO
et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and analyzed some characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. Results obtained from these investigations are discussed.
In these 18 institutions around the entire Japan, 532 strains of presumably etiological bacteria were isolated mainly from the sputa of 438 patients with lower respiratory tract infections during the period from October in 1998 to September in 1999. MICs of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics were determined against 85 strains of
Staphylococcus aureus, 100 strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 96 strains of
Haemophilus influenzae, 75 strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid strains), 6 strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid strains), 38 strains of
Moraxella subgenus
Branhamella catarrhalis, 26 strains of
Klebsiella pneumoniae etc., and the susceptibilities of 517 strains were assessed except for those strains that died during transportation.
S. aureus strains for which MICs of oxacillin (MPIPC) were higher than 4μg/ml (methicillin-resistant
S. aureus: MRSA) accounted for 60.0%. Vancomycin (VCM) and arbekacin (ABK) showed the most potent activities against MRSA. But one of MRSA showed resistance to ABK with the MIC of 64μg/ml. The sensitive strains of MRSA to VCM have decreased. The frequency of penicillin (PC)-intermediate
S. pneumoniae (PISP) +PC-resistant
S. pneumoniae (PRSP) have increased in 46.0% for 1998 cpmparatively from 30.9% of 1997's. But PRSP decreased, and PISP increased into 39.0% of 1998 years from 19.8% of 1997's. Panipenem (PAPM), imipenem (IPM) and faropenem (FRPM) showed the most potent activities against
S. pneumoniae with MIC
80s of 0.125μg/ml or below. Against
H. influenzae and
M.(B.) catarrhalis, almost all the drugs showed good activities. The sensitive strains of them against ceftazidime (CAZ) decreased in 1997, but those have increased in 1998. Inversely, the susceptibility of them against cefotiam (CTM) had been higher in 1997, but those have been lower in 1998. Tobramycin (TOB) showed the most potent activity against P aeruginosa (both mucoid and non- mucoid strains). All drugs except ampicillin (ABPC) were active against
K. pneumoniae. A quite few of
K. pneumoniae showed low susceptibilities.
Also, we investigated year to year changes in the characteristics of patients, their respiratory infectious dis-eases, and the etiology. The examination of age distribution indicated that the proportion of patients with ages over 70 years was 48.6% of all the patients showing a slight increase in every year. About the proportion of diag- nosed diseases as follows: Bacterial pneumonia was the most frequent with 40.2%. The ratio of it has increased slightly, and the increased rate was 10% in patients with ages over 70 years compared with the results in 1997. Chronic bronchitis have decreased slightly with 27.6% in 1998. Number of strains isolated from patients before administration of antibiotics were more than those after administration of them in chronic bronchitis, but these were almost same number in bacterial pneumonia. Administration of antibiotics has changed the results of the frequency of isolation of bacterial species. Bacterial isolations before administration of antibiotics were as follows:
S. pneumoniae 26.7%,
H. influenzae 23.8%,
S. aureus 13.3% and
M.(B.) catarrhalis 10.8%. The frequencies of
S. aureus decreased after antibiotics administration over 15 days, but the frequencies of
P. aeruginosa (both mucoid and non-mucoid) was not affected.
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