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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: January 01, 1980
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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
i-iv
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NOBUYUKI NAKAMORI, HITOSHI KANAMORI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
1-9
Published: January 01, 1980
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The accurate imaging of the internal structure of the body and the accurate measurment of absorbed dose in the patient are limited by multiple interaction of X-ray photons with atoms in the body. For incident monoenergetic photon energies from 50 to 150keV and for uniform water phantoms(30×100×th cm^3 : th=2.5-30cm), we calculated the X-ray spectra including multiply-scattered photons using Monte Carlo simulation methods. The results indicate the following facts ; 1)A photon scatters about 3 times in average in the 10-cm water layer. About 2.5% of the incident photons are scattered more than 11 times for 100-keV incident beam. 2)Over 50% of the scattered photons are those multiply scattered. 3)As water layer thickness increases, the ratio of absorbed energy fluence to incident energy fluence gradually saturates, because of the saturation of the fraction of backscattering. 4)In high incident photon energy region, absorbed energy fluence calculated using the Monte Carlo method is greater than that using the linear absorption coefficient, whereas the former is less than the latter in low energy region. These facts are due to the existing of scattered photons. To evaluate the image quality and to obtain the accurate dose in the patient, it is necessary to consider the multiply-scattered photons.
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SHIKIBU CHIYASU, TOSHIHIDE ISE, ISAO KATO, YOSHIHISA ASAKAWA, HARUO NA ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
10-19
Published: January 01, 1980
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The combination of molybdenium anode X-ray tube (with a beryllium window and 0.03mm molybdenium filter) and a single high resolution intensifying screen (rare earth phosphors) with a green-sensitive single emulsion film is regarded as a very useful and optimum system for mammography. In order to find the optimum exposure condition in this system that we investigated the transmission properties of the mammographic cassette, the intensifying screen and the specimen of breast. We examined four cassettes by the contrast (0.1/0.5mm aluminium), the visibility of small particles (Mg_2 SiO_4,150〜600μm diameter) by five observers and dose measurements using mammographic phantom, Kodak Min-R screen and Fuji RX-M film. We measured the transmission photon spectra by using pure germanium detector through tumor and normal glandular tissue of breast cancer (3.5kg weight, 6.5cm, thickness and 1.0cm tumor diameter) after surgery. We examined the relationship between the contrast and the transmission photon spectra of macro-specimen of breast cancer (fixation in 10% folmalin solution). Then we selected the phantom materials for mammography which have the same property as the specimen of cancer in the transmission spectra. From these results, the low tube voltage (25kV)technique gives high contrast and good visiblity of small particles in this system. Also in the system, the smaller X-ray absorption of cassette (or package) gives higher contrast, better visiblity and lower dose. For the phantom materials, ABS resin has almost same transmission property as the measured normal glandular tissue and Lucite is almost same as the measured tumor and glandular from the point of transmission spectra.
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AKIO OKAYAMA, TAKASHI NAKANISHI, TSUYOSHI FUJIKAWA, SHINICHI FUJII, NO ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
20-28
Published: January 01, 1980
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It is difficult to make the optimal density for all area of the pulmonary hilar region on a same film in conventional tomography. But, it is possible to observe all area of the pulmonary hilar region on a same film by equalizing the uneven density of pulmonary hilar region with compensating filter. On this study, the filter which could compensated density in all shifts of Polytome U was constructed and discussed about diagnostic evaluation for those shifts. As a results, by using this filter, the density for all area of the pulmonary hilar region in all shifts of Polytome U could be compensated and grasp the mutral relation of its region. As a conclusion, using this filter is useful method to diagnose pulmonary hilar region. If it is possible to make a patient enough hold a breath, using circular shift is better than other's. If it is difficult to do so, it can not help using linear shift. In such a case, it shall be take a tomograph in direction of linear shift fitting the object.
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YOSHITADA NAKAGIRI, TAKUICHI KITAYAMA, KEIJI INAMURA, SHIGEFUMI KADOHI ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
29-34
Published: January 01, 1980
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Although two opposed portals has been used for the treatment of laryngeal cancer, there are some problems such as dermatitis caused by increasing of shooting out dose, or poor centering of the X-ray to the focus of lesion. Therefore we have examine the shape and location of the tumor and the surrounding tissues by computed tomography (CT) and laryngoscopy, and two anterior oblique portals with a wedge-filter was undertaken from the fore-neck. The CT examination has made it possible to understand steroscopy state of the focus of lesion and to get accutate treatment schedule of radiation angle and field according to the individual patients. On the other hand centering of the radiation dose to the focus was improved in two anterior oblique portals method, and the beam dose to the skin was also decreased. This method has enable us appling the X-ray to the fore neck lesion, independently from the shoulder girdle.
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TOSHIHIKO YOSHINAGA, SUMIO NAKAMURA, IWAO KAKOI, MITSUO OHKUBO, TSUKAS ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
35-39
Published: January 01, 1980
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We had used trial slits for EMI scanner CT-1010 & CT images of good quality almost free artifacts could be obtained when the slice thickness decreased to 5mm. In this study, we experimented changes of MTF (modulation transfer function) as the slice thickness changed. As a result, MTF got worse as the slice thickness decreased, but got better as the exposure dose increased. The high accuracy high definitions of a 10 mm slice thickness & a 5mm one were nearly equal in MTF.
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TAKESHI NAKAHORI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
40-46
Published: January 01, 1980
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Several measuring methods of "Irradiation Time" for diagnostic X-ray apparatus which are described in JIS and IEC standards, seem to the writer to have their foundations on the idea of effective voltage. Although the idea is conceivable at the starting and finishing stage of irradiation, it is almost impossible to obtain the real effective voltages experimentally which correspond to various irradiating conditions. It is pointed out that the irradiation time should be defined as the quotient of unsharpness due to motion divided by the speed of moving phantom, and that this definition agrees with one described in IEC standard of terminology. Moving phantom made of thin aluminium disc which has projecting sectors is recommended by the writer not only to manufacturers but also to users of X-ray apparatus to measure the irradiation time of all kinds of diagnostic X-ray apparatus.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
47-52
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
53-81
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
82-87
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
88-89
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
90-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
91-92
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
92-93
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
93-94
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
94-95
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Article type: Article
1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
95-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
95-96
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
96-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
96-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
96-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
96-97
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
97-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
97-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
97-
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1980 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages
97-
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