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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: January 01, 1987
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
i-iii
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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EIJI ANDOH, EIICHI OTOWA, YASUFUMI OHGA, KANAME MAEDA, SHIGEKI UYAMA, ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
1-8
Published: January 01, 1987
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The evaluation of radiographs must be considered with preference given to not only the observer to the physical factors as well. In the study, optimal density was discussed using sensory tests and statistics. The rank of optical merit was determined by nine radiotechnologists using eight radiographs of the skull phantom. First, the order of distance was worked out between the ranking of the visual merit and each tentative virtual point. Second, the value of Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated by using the ranking of visual merit and the order of distance and finally the distribution figure was drawn. According to these results, virtual density area was differnet from optimal density on the radiographs.
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TAKASHI KONDO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
9-16
Published: January 01, 1987
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In the nuclear medicine studies, we took notice of inferior scintigrams that occurred in order to achieve adequate quality control, and investigated several artifacts which might be caused by extraordinary action of imaging systems such as a scinticamera. Also, we discussed these phenomena, causes and countermeasures. As a result of investigations, these artifacts are created by those actions which have occurred throughout the system, particularly the rate which affected the image formation directly was approximately 80% of the total cases. The causes of the inferior scintigrams were intrinsic for individual component parts of the camera. It was showed that inferior scintigrams were the largest sources of information in analyzing the extraordinary actions of the camera and deserved adequate discussion, and that camera users could take measures to relieve many of these scintigrams.
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HIDEKI KATO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
17-23
Published: January 01, 1987
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The Monte Carlo computer program has been used to analyze the characteristics of scattered radiation in a phantom irradiated by cobalt 60 gamma rays. The program simulated an irradiation by 1250 keV photon with a 0 area field upon a center of a 30 × 30 cm water phantom. The study distinguished energy distributions of the secondary electron which were set in motion by interactions in the ring with radius R and depth d. Based on this result, spectrums of the secondary electron on the beam axis of circular fields were calculated, and the relative value of conversion factor Cλ was obtained. On this analysis, it was found that conversion factor Cλ on the beam axis tended to become a large value with a field radius and depth from entrance surface. However, at the region near the exit surface, this tendency was reversed regarding its relation with depth. For precise measurements and calculations of high energy radiation, this correction for Cλ based on the secondary electron spectrums should be carried out.
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TAKAKO SHINPO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
24-27
Published: January 01, 1987
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Dual isotope renography using ^<131> I-Hippuran and ^<111>In-DTPA allows for the simultaneous observation of the renal tubular function and glomerular function in one study. In this report, ^<111>In-DTPA renogram was classified into five patterns according as the glomerular function decreased, that is , normal pattern, delayed one, accumulating one, flat one and nonfunctioning one. These patterns correlated well with glomerular filtration rate (GFR), so it could be concluded that this method was useful for the rapid and simple estimation of renal function, especially for the screening test.
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HIROOMI SUMIDA, YUJI KUME, SHUJI SEBATA, TADAMASA OHNO, KANJI SAKURA, ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
28-33
Published: January 01, 1987
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In the A-P radiograph of cerebral angiography, the incident angles of the X-ray beam to image receptor are from 20 to 40 degrees. Therefore, a lock of sharpness caused by the parallax effect is disadvantageous for the double-screen/double-emulsion film system (Double system). We have combined double-emulsion film with ultra high-speed rare-earth single-screen for the purpose reducing the parallax effect and measured its basic imaging properties, and studied the clinical applications. As a result, the ultra high-speed rare-earth single-screen/double-emulsion film system (Single screen system) was found to be better than the double system regarding sensitivity and MTF, and also good results were obtained in the clinical examinations.
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TOMOCHIKA INOSE, YUKIHIRO KATOU, KATSUMI NAKAMURA, WATARU IIJIMA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
34-39
Published: January 01, 1987
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KUNIO HAMADA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
40-47
Published: January 01, 1987
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Since nuclear medicine imaging relies greatly on the scintillation camera quality controls, we emphasized floodfield uniformity, which is the most important factor among the various quality controls. Field uniformity checks the ability to produce accurate images of the relative radionuclide distribution in a patient, without this assurance, the phisician interpreting cannot be certain if all image abnormalities are attributable to the disease or to nonuniform performance of the camera. Second, to make the best image, we investigated three fundamental factors (image size, count density, film density) so as to detect the small Iesions. Size reduction to 16% of the real size appeared to be the best as regards image quality. Under the condition of image size reduction, a count density of 2,000 cpcm^2 was the most suitable. Film density was the best in the range form 1.0 to 1.2 to detect cold lesions and in the range from 0.8 to 1.0 to detect hot lesions.
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HIROKAZU KATO, TETSUYA ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
48-59
Published: January 01, 1987
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The phantom plays an important role in hyperthermia as well as in radiation therapy. Uses of the phantom in hyperthermia are as follows : 1) development of heating equipment and thermometers ; 2) experimental verification of absorbed power or temperature distribution obtained by calculation ; 3) prediction of the absorbed power or temperature distribution in the body ; 4) bolus for compensating the absorbed power distribution in the body ; 5) filler for obtaining an impedance which matches that between the applicator and the body ; 6) medium for cooling the surface of the body. In order to discuss the phantom, it is necessary to understand the physical, thermal, ultrasonic, and electrical characteristics of the living body. Therefore we will explain the above characteristics first and then describe the phantoms used for ultrasound and electromagnetic waves in detail.
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KEIZO ITOH
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
60-66
Published: January 01, 1987
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The applicability and accuracy of a thermometer in electromagnetic heating were investigated and technical problems in both the phantom experiments and clinical hyperthermia were discussed with special reference given to thermometry. 1. Thermocouples and thermistors often indicate erroneous temperatures in the electromagnetic fields ; however, thermometry and thermistors often indicate erroneous temperatures in the electromagnetic fields ; however, thermometry with sufficient accuracy for clinical purpose was possible by the combined use of the appropriate methods to reduce the effect of electromagnetic fields to the thermometer. 2. A phantom experiment was performed to obtain SAR (specific absorption rate) distribution, which is necessary for estimation of temperature distribution and comparison of equipment and methods for heating. The heating time and the interval between heating and thermometry must be as short as possible to approximate the temperature distribution to SAR distribution. The standard phantom of definite composition, volume and shape is necessary for a comparison and the refernce point for the display of distribution must be defined. 3. Knowledge of temporal and three-dimensional temperature distribution in the treatment volume is important for clinical hyperthermia. However, the invasive thermometry, which is now performed, cannot provide sufficient data due to the limited number of measured points. What we have to do now is to obtain as much temperature data as possible and accumulate them. They will become the basic data to improve clinical hyperthermia and make quantitative evaluation possible in future.
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CHIAKI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
67-81
Published: January 01, 1987
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The fact that heat kills cancer cells has been confirmed through biological research. In order to apply the results of this research clinically, it is necessary to apply lethal amounts of heat to the tumor cells while keeping the healthy tissue at normal temperature. The results of efforts to accomplish this goal has been reported in the fields of applied engineering. According to the hyperthermia treatment method proposed for cancer, the heating method such as local or the whole body, and the heating technique must be suitable for each application. This paper summarizes the results of recent studies of hyperthermia treatment, local and regionally, with non-ionizing electromagnetic waves (Inductionand Dielectric heating) and ultrasound and outlines the safety factors and the regulations for local heating equipment.
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MASAHIRO HIRAOKA, MITSUYUKI ABE
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
82-87
Published: January 01, 1987
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The history, biological rationale and present status of clinical application of hyperthermia in cancer therapy were reviewed. Clinical hyperthermia is divided into whole-body and local hyperthermia. The former is applied to patients with far advanced disseminated malignancy and some encouraging results have been obtained. Clinical benefits of local hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy have been widely demonstrated for superficial tumors. With the recent development of deep-heating equipment, local hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors is being intensively investigated.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
88-89
Published: January 01, 1987
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
90-99
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
100-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
100-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
100-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
100-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
100-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
101-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
101-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
101-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
101-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
101-
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
102-111
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
112-114
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
115-
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: January 01, 1987
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