Spina bifida is a congenital central nervous system disorder due to malformation of the vertebral canal. The prevalence of this entity in Japan is about one-tenth that in Western countries. It is classified into occult and cystic types based on appearance. Various techniques of surgery used, and the orthopedic and urological problems encountered in 18 cases of spina bifida cystica are discussed.
The outcome of brain surgery and urological control were found to be satisfactory in these patients and no serious complications were observed.
Twelve patients were able to walk.

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The records of 182 consecutive rectal carcinomas treated in this department between JAN 1978 and DEC 1990 were reviewed to assess the outcome of the patients presenting with lateral pelvic lymph node infiltration. Lateral lymph node dissection was carried out in 24 (42.1%) of the 57 Ra tumors and 63 (72.4%) of the 87 Rb tumors, but in none of the 38 cases of Rs tumors. Lymph node involvement was detected 0% and 15.9% of the Ra and Rb tumors, respectively. In this series, none of the cases in which the tumors were confined to m, sm and pm had positive lymph nodes. However, 23.3% of the 43 cases in which invasion was beyond pm showed positive lymph node invasion. The main lymph nodes involved were located in the roots of the middle rectal arteries. Half of the patients presented with distant metastases within one year, with poorer prognosis considering the mean survival rate of 1.8 years. In conclusion, we advocate that in Rb rectal tumors with circular invasion or invasion beyond the pm, careful lateral lymph nede dissection should be carried out. On the other hand, we suggest the use of preoperative radiation therapy which could improve the curability, the disease-free interval, and survival rates.

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Recent findings have suggested that neuroleptics exhibit a strong affinity for not only dopamine receptors, but also the sigma sites. Therefore, some clinical or adverse effects of neuroleptics may be due to their action on the sigma sites. This study showed that intrarubral microinjection of 1, 3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) or (+) -3- (3-hydroxyphenyl) -N-1-propyl) piperidine, sigma ligands, and several neuroleptics such as haloperidol caused dystonic reactions in rats resembling the acute dystonic reaction in humans. The intensity and duration of the dystonia induced by these drugs showed a correlation with their affinities for the sigma sites. These findings raise the possibility that the acute dystonic reaction, one of the motor side effects of neuroleptics, might be mediated via the sigma sites.
On the other hand, BMY 14802, an atypical neuroleptic, never caused dystonia after intrarubral microinjection. Furthermore, BMY 14802 still inhibited the dystonia induced by intrarubral microinjection of DTG. This reduction in DTG-induced dystonia by BMY 14802 may result its direct inhibitory effects against DTG at the sites, because BMY 14802 possesses potent sigma affinty. These findings imply that sigma ligands may be divided into two categories, dystonia-reinforcing and -reducing groups. Application of this theory should lead to the elucidation of the mechanism of neuroleptics-induced dystonia and other motor side effects.

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L. plantarum can grow on melibiose when incubated at 30°C but not when incubated at 37°C. In this study, the temperature sensitivity of melibiose metabolism was analyzed. The melibiose metabolism seemed to consist of the melibiose transport system and hydrolyzing enzyme, α-galactosidase. α-Galactosidase was induced with melibiose at 30°C but not at 37°C. This enzyme induced at 30°C hydrolyzed colorimetric substrate, α-ONPG at 30°C and 37°C. On the other hand, lactose induced α-galactosidase at both temperatures. These findings suggested that the temperature sensitivity of melibiose metabolism was not due to the induction and/or function of α-galactosidase.
Thus, the effect of temperature on induction and function of the melibiose transport system was examined. Cells grown on melibiose at 30°C exhibited the rapid uptake of [³H] -melibiose at 30°C and 37°C, while [³H] -melibiose was not taken up by the cells grown at 37°C. The induction of the melibiose transport system seemed to be temperature-sensitive because the transport system was not inactivated by exposure of the cells to 37°C for 3 hours. In conclusion, the temperature sensitivity of melibiose metabolism was attributed to the temperature sensitivity of the induction of melibiose transport system.

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To investigate the role of brain dopaminergic systems in epilepsy, striatal extracellular levels of dopamins (DA) and its metabolites (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid: DOPAC and homovanillic acid: HVA) were measured during kainate-induced limbic seizures in freely-moving rats, using brain microdialysis. DA and its metabolites were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Systemic injection of kainate (10mg/kg, i. p.), which caused stable limbic seizures, significantly decreased the levels of DA and its metabolites. Intrahippocampal injection of kainae (2.5nmol), which also caused limbic seizures, significantly decreased only the DA levels, while DOPAC and HVA levels were unchanged. Similar to the results of the systemic injectjon, intrastriatal perfusion of kainate (10^-2 or 10^-6 M) significantly decreased the levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that, during kainate-induced limbic seizures, DA release was significantly reduced in the striatum. In conclusion, the hypofunction of striatal dopaminergic systems is related to the initiation and progress in epileptic seizures.

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Eosinophilic infiltration in bronchial tissue is characteristic in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. The eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) derived from mononuclear cells has been reported to have some effect on the cell infiltration, and interleukin-5 (IL-5), a lymphokine derived from T lymphocytes, to be a factor related to growth, chemotaxis and activation for eosinophils. Lymphocytes accumulated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of non-atopic and severe asthmatics have been shown to be highly responsive to Candida antigen, and high ECF production was observed in non-atopic and severe asthmatics by measurement of ECF activity in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with Candida antigen. In this report, the molecular weight by gel filtration and inhibition test using anti-murine IL-5 antibody were studied to characterize the lymphocyte-derived ECF. Gel filtration analysis of the ECF indicated a molecular weight of 20, 000 to 65, 000 Da with a peak of activity around 40, 000 to 50, 000 Da. The ECF activity was reduced by incubation with anti-murine IL-5 antibody, which suggests that the supernatant contains IL-5. ECF from mononuclear cells, containing IL-5, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil infiltration in non-atopic and severe asthmatics.

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Eosinophil infiltration in lung tissue is one of the characteristic features of bronchial asthma. Such cell infiltration seems to be induced by the eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF). PAF and IL-5 are potent chemoattractants and activators for eosinophils. To evaluate the reactivity of eosinophils in asthmatics under various conditions, the migratory function of eosinophils to PAF and IL-5 was investigated by the modified Boyden chamber method. Eosinophils of asthmatics were highly purified using a flow cytometric method previously reported.
The migratory response of the eosinophils of asthmatics was greater than that of healthy suljects. Eosinophils from atopic asthmatics showed a higher response to PAF than those from non-atopic asthmatics. Eosinophils in the attack stage showed a higher response than those in the non-attack stage. Hypodense eosinophils showed an increased migratory response. The migratory response was correlated to the serum concentration of ECP and blood eosinophil count.
These findings suggest that the reactivity of eosinophils is heterogenous and relates to the degree of eosinophilia, and that IL-5 as well as PAF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

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In the “iron excretion test”, urinary iron excretion after injection of saccharated iron oxide has been reported to be accelerated in relapsing idiopathic iron deficiency anemia. To determine the relevance of urinary iron excretion to clinical factors other than iron metabolism, 15 clinical parameters were evaluated. The serum creatinine level was positively and the serum albumin level was negatively correlated with urinary iron excretion, showing coefficients of r=0.97, -0.86 respectively, and suggesting a relationship between urinary iron excretion and subclinical abnormalities of kidney function. In experimental studies, the relation of urinary iron excretion to the renal function was examined by administration of iron in various forms to rats. Only saccharated iron oxide was excreted; chondroitin sulfate Fe, Tf-Fe and ferric chloride were not excreted in the urine. Then, iron excretion was examined in iron deficient, iron overloaded and puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-treated animals. Iron deficient rats did not show any change in urinary iron excretion compared to the controls. Urinary iron excretion was increased in iron overloaded rats, and was further increased in the PA-treated group. These findings suggest that the subclinical abnormality in kidney function leads to the increased urinary iron excretion as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of relapsisg iron deficiency.

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Iron deficiency anemia results from various factors, such as blood loss, malabsorption, and increased demand for iron due to pregnancy or growth. However, iron hyper-excretion has not been reported except in the cases of bleeding. Previously, we found increased iron excretion in the urine in patients with iron-losing anemia, such as idiopathic hypochromic anemia.
To examine the relationship between iron excretion and anemia, puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) was administered in rats to induce anemia. In such rats, considerable amounts of iron were continuously excreted in the urine and the animals became anemic. However, the anemia in this model was normocytic and normochromic, and the liver iron content was reversely increased. In conclusion, PA administration in rats induces not only iron deficiency as hyper-excretion but also abnormalities of iron metabolism as indicated by the other pathological findings, such as inflammatory change and renal failure.

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Sex identification of human blood, bloodstains, saliva, hair roots and bone marrow was conducted by DNA analysis. The effects of various contaminants in samples on sex identification were studied, using 32-week-old contaminated bloodstains. The effect of heat or decomposition on sex identification was examined by using the blood obtained from autopsy-cases. A 2.12 kb band with male DNA, digested with Hae III and electrophoresed, was observed by Southern hybridization using a human Y chromosome-specific probe, while a faint 2.00 kb band with female DNA was also sometimes detected. The male 2.12 kb band was detected even in 5-year-old bloodstains. The 2.12 kb band was also detected frequently in contaminated bloodstains as old as 32 weeks. The band was observed by Southern hybridization analysis in decomposed blood as old as 7 days, while it could not be detected in heated and decomposed blood after 3 days.

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Familial polyposis coli (FPC) is an inherited nonsex linked mendelian dominant disease in which there exist at least 100 adenomatous polyps throughout the entire large bowel. Thirteen patients with FPC, of whom 7 were male and 6 female, visited our department between 1966 and 1990. The mean age of the patients was 33.5. Eight of the 13 patients (61.5%) had gastric and/or duodenal polyps, and eight of the 13 patients (61.5%) had colorectal carcinomas at admission. Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) was performed on 2 patients. The functional results were good bowel frequency, good sphincter control and lack of dietary restriction. Clinical experience tended to suggest that the risk of rectal cancer following IRA is extreme and unacceptable, although our two cases were still free of rectal cancer. Since 1980, the total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was the procedure of choice in our department. Good results were obtained on the six patients on whom this procedure was performed.

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The hepatic effects of sevoflurane administered under different inspiratory oxygen concentrations were examined. Male rats pretreated with phenobarbital for 5 days and fasted for 24 hours were anesthetized with 2.4% sevoflurane administered under different oxygen concentrations (10%, 14%, 21% or 100%). The rats administered sevoflurane under 21% oxygen were used as the control.
The amount of microsomal protein, the content and activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, and the amount of enzymes released from the liver cells (GPT, OCT) of each group of rats were measured for 7 days after these procedures. The content of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of aminopyrine demethylation and aniline dehydration were decreased significantly to about 58%, 43% and 40% that of the control, respectively. Furthermore the plasma level of GPT and OCT was elevated to 1, 107±620 IU/L and 422±270 IU/L respectively soon after sevoflurane anesthesia only in the group of rats administered sevoflurane under a 10% oxygen concentration.
In this study, severe damage to the liver of the rats was observed after sevoflurane anesthesia under 10% oxygen following enzyme induction and fasting.

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A subline of the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21), which was adapted to grow at 41°C and named BHK-21H, was used to examine the effect of pre-treatment of host cells with a high culture temperature on the growth of herpes simplex virus (HSV). BHK-21H cells were infected with HSV type 2 (HSV-2) at 41°C and maintained for 7 days at the same temperature. When these cells were further cultivated after shift-down to 36°C, persistent infections were established. These infections were characterized by a carrier culture state; the infected cultures were composed of infected and non-infected cells, and cell destruction and regrowth of cells caused a balanced state of culture. Two to 3 months after the establishment of the persistent infections, virus production in the cultures stopped spontaneously and colonial regrowth of uninfected cells was observed. A subline (BHK-21R) which was cured of the persistent infection was obtained. Cells of this subline showed resistance to reinfection of HSV. Persistent HSV-2 Infection was also established by pre-treatment of BHK-21H cells at 41°C before virus infection and maintenance of the infected cultures at 36°C. These findings indicate that establishment of the persistent HSV-2 infection is mainly attributable to reduced permissiveness of BHK-21H cells for virus growth caused after heat treatment of the cells.

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Erythroblasts (EBLs) as well as thrombocytes and myelocytes show changes in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The changes include increse in sideroblasts and maturation delay. Expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR) has been known to correlate with stainable iron and cell maturation. To clarify whether the regulation mechanism of TfR on bone marrow EBLs is altered in MDS and acute leukemia (AL), TfR expression on EBL from MDS and AL were measured in individual cells as well as cell morphology, stainable iron granules (SIGs) in EBLs and cellular hemoglobin content using the morphometric method established in our laboratory. Generally, the number of TfR and density of TfR on EBLs decreased along with cell maturation. The density of TfR was negatively correlated with hemoglobin concentration (r=-0.76), but SIGs showed no significant correlation with TfR density. In a patint with RARS, there was no difference in TfR density between ringed and non-ringed sideroblasts. By contrast, in a patient with AL, the TfR density of EBLs with morphological changes in nucleus was lower than that of normal EBLs. These findings suggest that the regulation mechanism of TfR in MDS was similar to normal subjects in cell maturation, hemogulobin concentration and SIGs, leaving the question why EBLs in MDS contain numerous SIGs in future.

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Expression of TfR on the cell surface is known to be regulated by the cellular iron content. We previously reported an inverse correlation between mean number of TfR expressed and stainable iron granules (SIGs) of erythroblasts (EBLs) in normal subjects. In MDS, EBLs contain an increased number of SIGs, though the mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood. In this report, expression of surface transferrin receptor (TfR) on bone marrow EBLs was examined in comparison with the number of SIGs in 11 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 11 patients with acute leukemia (AL). The mean numbers of TfR from MDS (5.56±1.35×10⁵) and AL (5.73±2.25×10⁵) were not different from those of normal subjects (5.00±1.80×10⁵). However, in MDS the mean number of TfR from 8 patients (72%) was similar to the normal level in spite of the increased mean number of SIG. Four of the 11 patients with AL showed a similar change such as MDS in TfR, but notably 2 of those 4 patients were AL transformed from MDS. There is a correlation (r=0.61) between TfR and MCV in MDS different from that in healthy subject. These findings suggest that TfR expression on EBLs, from MDS may escape from the regulation by the cellular iron content as iron-TfR regulation disturbance.

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Examination of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes together with the estimation of alcohol in the body fluids of the deceased, may help to estimate more accurately the grade of their drunkenness. However, in medico-legal cases the body is sometimes putrefied or burnt. In the present study, the effects of putrefaction and heat on the activities of human liver ADH and ALDH isozymes were investigated by thin layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing.
When the liver homogenates were left at 5°C, identification of typical type and atypical type of ADH became impossible within 10 days and 6 days, respectively. In some of the homogenates left at the same terperature, the activity of normal type and deficient type of ALDH2 isozyme was detected for 21 days. When the homogenates were stored at 25°C, the activities of the ADH and ALDH disappeared within 2 days and 3 days, respectively. Identification of ADH typical type, ADH atypical type, ALDH2 normal type and ALDH2 deficient type of the homogenates stored at 37°C became impossible within 12hours, 3 hours, 24 hours and 21 hours, respectively. These results indicate that the activity of the ADH disappears faster than that of the ALDH at room temperature and that atypical type of ADH is more sensitive to putrefaction than its typical type. The same phenomena were also observed in liver of decomposed corpses.
When liver homogenates were stored at 50°C, it was possible to identify the type of ADH for about 5 hours. In the homogenates stored at the same temperature, the activity of the ALDH2 isozyme disappeared within about 1 hour though the ALDH1 isozyme was stable for 5-6 hours. The activities of ADH and ALDH of the homogenates quickly disappeared when heated at 70°C and 100°C.
In burnt bodies whose liver almost remained intact, the activities of the ADH and ALDH enzymes did not decrease though they were badly charred. However, only the ALDH2 band disappeared in some parts of the liver burnt slightly though the ALDH1 band was visible. In such a burnt body, therefore, it is necessary to examine the ALDH isozymes of the liver and kidney not to misjudge ALDH2 normal type as ALDH2 deficient type.
Ten human corpses, which were of alcohol-consumers, all showed normal type of ALDH2 isozymes. The frequency of ALDH2 deficiency was about 21% in our medico-legal autopsy cases though it is about 50% among the Japnese.

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A Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the rapid estimation of ascorbic acid and total ascorbic acid. Use of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as an ion-pairing reagent in the mobile phase yielded reproducible retention for ascorbic acid. Total ascorbic acid is determined by reducing the dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid by treatment with DL-homocysteine. This high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been applied to the analysis of several Chinese vegetables. These Chinese vegetables contained more total ascorbic acid than any other vegetables on the market.

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To understand the effects of physical loading on the health status of the college students who attend the physical education activity classes, the subjective changes in their living body caused by exercise were studied according to sex and type of activity.
In this investigation, 225 college students attending their physical education class for 50 minutes, were asked of their subjective symptoms of fatigue before and after the physical education activities (tennis, racketball, bowling and weight training) by questionnaire.
The score of subjective symptoms of fatigue group I; “drowsiness and dullness” was decreased in those after the tennis games. The symptoms of “thirsty” (p<0.05) and “hands and legs trembling” (p<0.01) were significantly increased after the tennis games in men.
The subjective symptoms of fatigue group I; “drowsiness and dullness” showed a decreasing trend after racketball games in both men and women, though symptoms of “tired legs” and “thirsty” were significantly increased after the racketball games (p<0.01).
“Feeling like yawning” and “feeling sleepy” were significantly decreased after the bowling games (p<0.01) though symptom of “thirsty” was significantly increased (p<0.05).
The symptoms of “feeling exhausted”, “tired legs”, “thirsty” and “hands and legs trembling” were significantly increased after weight training exercises (p<0.01) though symptoms of “feeling like yawning” and “feeling sleepy” were significantly decreased in men (p<0.01). However, the symptoms of fatigue before and after physical loading were not increased though the symptom of “tired eyes” was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in women.
In conclusion, physical loading had little effect on the health status of the students. Therefore the physical education classes in this investigation could be expected to be of recreational benefit for the students.

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To determine the effects of physical loading on the health status of children who attend a dance class after school, changes in subjective and objective symptoms of the children caused by the exercise were studied. In addition, the situation of outdoor exercise in daily life was analyzed, and the fundamental problems of health care for children examined.
In the present investigation, eleven elementary school students (girls) exercised in a dance room for 60 minutes, and subjective symptoms of fatigue, flicker fusion values, and excretion of urinary protein were determined before and after dancing.
The subjective symptoms of fatigue were not changed by the dance exercise, though symptoms of “wanting to lie down” and “thirsty” were frequent complaints (73%) before dancing, which suggests that these symptoms were of fatigue caused before 16:00 p.m.
Flicker fusion values before and after physical loading were not changed by dance exercises.
The specific gravity of urine and urinary pH were not changed after dancing. The concentration of urinary protein and the excretion of urine per hour tended to increase after dancing.
A comparison was made in urinary volume and protein between swimming and dance practice. The urinary volume was increased after swimming, and it was not changed by dance practice. The concentration of urinary protein was significantly decreased after swimming (p<0.01), though it was increased after dancing (p<0.10).

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In 6 out of 7 autopsy cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy, we found characteristic features of neuronal swelling degeneration (abbr. NSD) in the nerve cell of the substantia nigra. NSD was classified into 4 types according to the microscopic features. The cell body of the type A NSD is much larger than the usual nerve cell, contains melanin granules, is round in shape and appears granular. This cell sometimes contains a shrunken nucleus, Marinesco body, Nissl granules and rest of melanin pigment, suggesting its origin in the degenerating melanin containing nerve cell. In type B NSD the periphery of the swollen cell body appears to be frosted glass with a Nissl substance. A part of the type B NSD was suggested to have its origin in the nerve cell which has no melanin pigment. Type C NSD is round or irregular in shape and appears to be vacuolar, suggesting its origin in the dendritic process. Type D NSD is sharply bounded from the surrounding tissue and amorphous structures. Judging from its staining characteristics, its origin was suggested to be in the axon. The significance and pathogenesis of the NSD are discussed with special reference to its relation to glutamic acid.

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We reviewed the charts of 4 patients with villous adenoma of the rectum seen at the First Dept. of Surg., Okayama Univ. Med. School between 1971 and 1990. This study included 2 men and 2 women, ranging in age from 52 to 83 years. Polypectomy was performed on 3 patients with villous adenoma and low anterior resection was performed on 1 patient. Recurrent tumors developed in one of the 3 patients who had undergone polypectomy.
In addition, a series of 88 patients with villous adenoma of the rectum reported in Japan were also reviewed. The average age of the patients with villous adenoma was 62.9. There were 47 men and 41 women. The presenting symptoms of the 69 patients with tumor were mainly bleeding and watery or mucinous diarrhea. The tumor size and invasiveness of malignancy were also examined. The likelihood of malignancy correlated with size of tumor, and none of the lesions smaller than 2cm contained a malignant tumor site.
Surgeons should consider the size, location and malignant change of the villous tumor with as much precise examination before and during operation so that unnecessary over surgery is avoided.

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A cobalt chloride solution was injected into the unilateral sensorimotor cortex of rats to induce epileptic activity. The cyclic AMP contents of slices incubated with or without adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were determined in four cortical areas after electroencephalography and behavioral examination in cobalt-injected rats. Electrographic spike activity appeared immediately after injection of cobalt. In the majority of cobalt-injected rats, the spike activity was dominant in the primary epileptic region of the cortex. The spike frequency reached a maximum level two to three weeks after the injection and declined thereafter. The electrographic activity was followed by abnormal behavior. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine elevated the cyclic AMP levels in the cortical slices 6-to 10-fold and 10-to 16-fold, respectively. The elicitation of cyclic AMP accumulation was strongly inhibited by the adenosine antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline. The cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by adenosine or 2-chloroadenosine was increased in the primary cortical area of cobalt-induced epilepsy, but in the other cortical areas there was no deviation in cyclic AMP accumulation. The increase in cyclic AMP accumulation was observed regardless of the presence or absence of the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole, phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724, and adenosine deaminase. The increased accumulation of cyclic AMP in the primary epileptic cortex was detected as early as 8 days after the injection. The cyclic AMP accumulation slightly increased thereafter. It reached a plateau 17 to 19 days after the injection and then turned to the control levels, in harmony with the electrographic and behavioral profiles. These findings suggest that alterations in adenosine-sensitive generation of cyclic AMP in the primary epileptic region of the cortex are part of the neurochemical process of cobalt-induced epilepsy.

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Proteus mirabilis has several pathogenic factors such as adherent ability to urinary tract epitherial cells, urease, motility and resistance to urine. The pathogenic activities of clinically isolated P. mirabilis were analyzed. Higher pathogenic strains (No.25 and No.30) which had morphologically different pili but had a higher density of pili showed strong adherent activity to bladder epithelial cells of mouse and rat. These strains also showed a clear chemotaxis to urinary tract tissue extracts. These findings indicate that the combination of adherent, chemotaxis and urease activities is essential for causing of tipical kidney infection by P. mirabilis.

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The inhibition of thermotolerance development by quercetin was examined in NIH 3T3 cells. The cytotoxicity of quercetin increased with the increase in the concentration (10, 100μg/ml) and duration (12, 48, 72 hours) of treatment. The cell killing effect of heat was not enhanced by quercetin (10μg/ml) itself. Quercetin (10μg/ml) inhibited the proliferation of cells for about 72 hours. Quercetin (10μg/ml) delayed the development of thermotolerance, but did not decrease the degree of maximum thermotolerance. Quercetin (10μg/ml) exibited no effect on the decay of thermotolerance.

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This study focuses on the health examination programs for 3 year old children from a public health point of view. The methodology, items tested, criteria and follow-up systems of urine examination were evaluated.
Results of urine examinations of 8, 615 children (male: 4, 490, female: 4, 125), who had been in the health examination program from 1980 to 1985, were studied in the area of K-ku in Y-city. Moreover a follow-up study was performed to discuss the significance of urine examination as mass screening.
In the health examination program for 3 year old children, it is efficient to classify those with a score of more than “one plus” into the high risk group with regard to proteinuria and hematuria. It is possible to reduce the false positive rate by checking first morning urine at re-examination. A bettr information net work system must be established to utilize the results of mass health examinations for three year old children.

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We collected tissue samples from the left ventricular myocardium in 20 patients with aortic regurgitation, examined the correlation between myocardial ultrastructure and cardiac function at rest and obtained the following results. The extent of fibrosis in the myocardium and ultrastructural changes in the myocardial cells were respectively expressed in LM-Score and EM-Score. Furthermore, the myofibril changes expressed by the EM-Score were added to the LM-Score (Myo+LM-Score), and each score was calculated and compared with the parameters of cardiac function. There was no significant correlation between EM-Score and parameters of cardiac function. LM-Score was correlated with Max dv/dt at r=-0.471 (p<0.05) and with endodiastole (D/L) at r=-0.567 (p<0.01) significantly, showing a negative linear correlation. Myo+LM-Score was correlated with EF at r=-0.574 (p<0.01) and withΔ D at r=-0.577 (p<0.01) significantly, showing a negative linear correlation. Among the cardiac functions at rest in patients with AR, the morphologic and diastolic parameters were closely related with the extent of fibrosis, and the contractility was closely related both with a change in myofibrils and with the extent of fibrosis. Thus, the cardiac functions at rest in patients with AR were correlated with the myocardial factors.

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To investigate the interaction between serotonin (5HT)₂ and α₂-adrenergic receptors in the human platelet membrane, the inhibitory effects of calcium (Ca) antagonists, 5HT₂ antagonists, α₂ antagonists and adenosine (AE) receptor (A₂) agonists on 5HT plus ADP ([5HT+ADP]) and adrenaline (ADR) plus ADP ([ADR+ADP])-induced washed platelet aggregation were examined. In the [5HT+ADP] -induced aggregation. The inhibitory activity was in the order of (-)-desmethoxyverapamil (D888), mianserin (MA), ketanserin, AE>diltiazem, nicardipine, yohimbine. On the other hand, in the [ADR+ADP] -induced aggregation, the inhibitory activity was in the order of MA, YH>D888, AE, and the rest had no significant effect even at 10 μM. Only AE among these drugs inhibited ADP-induced aggregation. The present findings indicate that the Ca antagonist D888, 5HT₂ antagonist MA and α₂ antagonist YH acted simultaneously as 5HT₂ and α₂ receptor inhibitors and imply an apparent interaction between these receptors. Since both of the aggregation responses required extracellular Ca²⁺ and were modulated by Ca²⁺ concentrations, the mechanism of interaction may be attributed to intracellular Ca²⁺-signaling systems.

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The lymph node metastases of the right side colon were studied. Among 58 cases of right side colon, nodal involvements were found in 53.4%. Metastases to the epicolic and paracolic nodes were confined to an area within 10 cm from the tumor margin. Metastases to the intermediate nodes were found in 20.7% and metastases to the main nodes in 15.5%. Jumping metastases were recognized in 5 out of 31 cases of nodal involvement (16.1%). As the rate of jumping metastases is unexpectedly high, lymph node dissection for right colon cancer should be done as far as the main nodes.

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