In respect to the vicissitude found in the quantity of serum Ca and K in the rabbit, the following resemblances may roughly be detected among such mechanisms as burning, sunstroke, as well as constriction.
1. Death of sunstroke corresponds to the acute shock by pepton and histamine, where both Ca and K prove an increase.
2. In case of burning and sunstroke short of death, along with the constriction within several hours, all prove to correspond to either delayed shock by pepton, or survival after histamine injection, where Ca prove to decrease, but K increase.
3. In most cases of long-lasting constriction, both Ca and K exhibit to decrease, in accordance with the survived cases after the injection of pepton, under practise.

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Nucleic acid metabolism in brain and liver, which had been formerly investigated by the measurement of P³² activity, was examined from the viewpoint of the specific activity of P³² in order to make clear the nucleic acid metabolism in its progressive form.
As in my last experiment, Japanese B Encephalitis Virus was intraperitoneally inoculated.
P³² was intraperitoneally injected into the mice respectively 48 and 120 hours after they were inoculated with the virus, and after 6 and 24 hours, the nucleic acid metabolism in brain and liver was observed from the point of view of the P³² specific activity.
As the control objects, the healthy mice injected intraperitoneally with P³² were used.
An increase of the P³² specific activity in liver was recognized during the incubation period, especially in its earlier stage.
This fact, as Osada once reported, seems to imply that rapid metabolic changes of the nucleic acid in liver take place during the incubation period or the so-called visceral phase of Japanese B Encephalitis.
The P³² specific activity in liver at the later stage of infection decreases in spite of the increase of nucleic acid amount; and the ups and downs in nucleic acid amount does not always go parallel with the P³² specific activity.

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In the course after radical hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix, disturbance of the bladder function occures as a frequent and thence important complication, leading to a lasting dysuria. In our department I investigated this disturbance after the Okabayashi's operation, performing measurement before the operation, and on the 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th day after the operation. The results are as follows:
1) In 60 cases there were measured minimal volume for distension feeling, maximal capacity of the bladder, reserve pressure of micturition and the length of the urethra. There was no difference as to age, parity and clinical stage of carcinoma. It was characteristic that the minimal volume of urine feeling was increased, the minimal distension pressure elevated, the maximal capacity of the bladder decreased and the urethra shortened. In comparison to the corresponding value before the operation, they showed significant change on any day after the operation. However, the reserve pressure of micturition had no remarkable postopeative change. These changes did not appear in parallel with the degree of dysuria.
2) Intravesical pressure, before the operation the intravesical pressure had a slight increase by the filling of the contents, after the operation, a curve showing the intravesical pressure became steep in contrast to that of the preoperative day. However, the curve had no special relation to the degree of dysuria.
3) Pressure of the posterior urethra: The pressure of the internal sphincter did not vary with the bladder contents. Its absolute value varied quite often. After the the operation this pressure was markedly lowered than the preoperative value and varied in parallel with the degree of dysuria.
4) Vagostigmin, Spatym, Tropin, Buscopan, Alinamin-- these preparations were used to observe their effects on the dysuria.
5) Treatment. There were in 53 cases mechanical dilatation of the urethra. 26 cases of Alinamin administration and 17 cases of chlorpromazine administration. The mechanical dilatation was effective 71.4% of the ishuria. Ailnamin or chlorpromazine had no effect, even if adminstered early, to mitigate the period of ishuria.

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Authors have had to perform autopsy on young woman with early obliteration of the sutures of the skull, and have added the various considerations suggested by literatures concernd with early obliteration of the sutures.

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Authors have had to perform autopsy on young adult that was lived relatively longer (about 3 hours) after stab wound of the heart.

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Sections of two human placentas (full term and 3 months in pregnancy) are studied with electron microscope, and the following results are obtained.
1) The free suface of syncytial cells touching the inter-villous space is covered with many club-shaped microvilli. Although no apparent cellular border is detected among syncytial cells, there are intercellular bridges between syncytial cell and Langhans' cell.
2) The picture, which syncytial cells are in contact with basement membrane directly, is also seen.
3) The endoplasmic reticula are in vesicule ca. 3 in diameter in the early placenta, and become to ca. 2 vacuole in the full term placenta.
4) The osmiophilic lipid granules are seen in syncytial cells, but hardly in Langhans' cells.
5) Besides vacuoles under microvilli, we recognize the macular substances in the cytoplasm of the early placenta, which appear in the somewhat highly election dense and structureless.
6) The nuclear difference between the syncytial and Langhans' cells, which was reported by Boyd and Hughes, should be interpreted as the autolytic change. On this point, I agree with the Isomura's opinion that ether of them is composed of homogeneous fine granular particles.
7) The cellular border of the Langhans' cells is distinct, and simpler than synytial cell in fine structures of cytoplasma; a fewer endoplasmic reticula and almost no lipid granules.
8) The capillary endothelial cells arranged stratiform, and cytoplasmic protuberances from its outer surface are noticed.

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I have examined 57 cases of the uterine cervical cancer and 2 cases of the normal uterine cervix (non-pregnant and pregnant) with electron microscope.
1) Normal uterine cervix.
The nucleocytoplasmic ratio becomes lower, and mitochondria a fewer from the profundal layer to the superficial one. The intercellular bridge develops in superficial spinal layer highly, and the cytoplasmic communication may be seen at one part of bridge. The tonofibrils of neighbouring cells don't connect with each other, and they make themselves into a bundle in the intercellular bridge and build the Bizozzero's node described by Porter and Takaki. But the situation and relationship of the Biyozzero's node in the bridge don't quite accord with their opinions.
During pregnancy the cytoplasm of superficial layer is rather granular than fibrous, and characteristic intercellular sinus may also be recognized.
2) Carcinoma of the cervix.
The structure of cellular border is simple in the epidermoid carcinoma. The mitochondia, endoplasmic reticulnm and Golgi body are observed in the cytoplasm. Although there is no statistical significancy, inclusion bodies have tendency to increase by radiation. The nuclear membrane is double layered, but doesn't look such thickening as observed with optical microscope. The onucleoplasm is composed of fine granules which become coarse or nodular by degeneration. The nucleoli have no definite form.
They consist of highly electron dense particles and possess no limiting membranes. There are many mitotic figures in cancer cells. The cell, on the whole, revealed 3 stratified structure in the prophase, and 2 stratified one in the metaphase. In the adenocarcinoma, I notice the characteristic findings that have many vacuoles and lipid or secretory granules in its cytoplasm.
3) Autolytic changes of cervical cancer.
The extirpated cancer tissue shows remarkable changes within 40 minutes in 20°C normal saline solution.
4) Changes of cancer cells incident to radiation.
The radiative change differs from the autolytic one in quantity and duration. The fatty and vacuolar degeneration, giant cell and inclusion body appear in the radiation newly, but not in the autolysis. There is no essential difference between x-ray and radium about the effect. The mitochondrias are the first to suffer from radiation, but the nuclear and the cell membrane are the last to change. As the radiative changes, the thickening of nuclear membrane, vacuolar degeneration and congregated picture of nucleoplasm are hardly seen in the electron microscopy, but not rarely in the optical one.
5) Relationship of radiosensitivity of uterine cervical carcinoma to histopathological picture and clinical findings.
The spindle type is more radiosensitive than the transitional and spinal one. Especially the significant difference was recognized between the spindle and the transitional. The high density of cancer cells is more sensitive than the low significantly. But the radiosensitivity has no significant relation with Imai's C. P. L. classification and the other clinical findings. About the radiosensitivity, the electron microscopical findings accord with the optical one relatively.

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By studying various reactions of anti-rennet serum and anticasein serum serologically as well as influences of these anti-sera on the curdling of milk by rennet, the author obtained the following results.
1) With the use of either anti-rennet serum or anti-casein serum, it has been possible to induce passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs.
2) Anti-rennet serum has inhibited the curdling of milk by rennet.
3) The time required for curdling milk by rennet has been found to be slightly lengthened when the milk is priorly treated by anti-casein serum.

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After processing and refining globulin and albumin from antiserum of the rabbits treated with chicken egg white albumin and from serum of normal rabbits, experiments have been carried out with the use of the anti-serum obtained by immunizing guinea pigs with these processed products as antigens. The results are as follows.
1) The immunized guinea-pig serum above mentioned has been found to possess a desensitizing action on the guinea pigs already passively sensitized by rabbit anti-serum.
2) On studying the length of the time required for coagulation of blood in guinea pigs reinjected with antigen after the desensitization as mentioned above, it has been found that there is a marked tendency of inhibiting the lengthening of the time of blood coagulation when the animal is desensitized by the anti-serum of guinea pigs treated with immunized rabbit serum globulin.

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Processing and refining globulin and albumin from anti-serum of rabbits administered with chicken egg white and from serum of normal rabbits, and using antigens, namely, the antisera obtained by immunization of guinea pigs and chicken, antigenic behaviors of immunized-rabbit serum globulin and the serum globulin of normal rabbits have been compared. The results are as follows.
1) No difference in the modus of the two antigens can be recognized in their precipitation reactions.
2) When sensitized red-cell agglutination reactions are examined with the use of either sheep red cells sensitiyed with 1/4 unit rabbit hemagglutinin or tanned sheep red cells coated unspecifically by exposure to antigen, these anti-sera treated with immunized rabbit serum globulin tend to give a higher agglutination value than that of those antisera treated with normal rabbit serum globulin.
3) The agglutination of the rabbit serum immunized with sheep red cells against sheep red cells has been recognized to be enhanced or inhibited according to the quantity of those anti-sera treated with normal rabbit-serum globulin.
4) Between the immunized-rabbit serum globulin and normal-rabbit serum globulin a slight difference is discernible in the degree of inhibitory reactions against the agglutination of specifically sensitized sheep red cells.

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Colposcopy, being introduced by H. Hinselmann in 1925, has developed chiefly in the field of early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma, and nowadays it may be said that the use is almost confined to this sole subject. Even in Germany and Australia where colposcopic examination has been accepted as an efficacious diagnostic method and is prevailing in general practice, paper dealing with non-carcinomatous diseases is minimum. Picture seen through colposcope is entirely specific and quite different from that by naked-eye examination, so it is not useless to observe and record the magnified picture of the non-carcinomatous diseases. I tried to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of colposcopy, especially in non-carcinomatous diseases, observing whether any specific finding may be found or not.
Method:
550 cases of out-patients of our clinic, from Dec. 1956 to Aug. 1957, were examined through Hinselmann's colposcope of Möller Optical Works of Germany, Colpophotography in selected cases and biopsy to all cases were carried out too, and the colposcopic findings were identified by the histologic findings in every case for the purpose of interpretation of colposcopic picture.
Results and Conclusion:
1) At the second healing stage of erosion, R. Meyer claims “overgrowth” and Fischer-Wasels advanced “squamous metaplasia”. I performed serial section biopsy to 9 blocks of specimen removed from the beginning Nabothian follicles and in 4 blocks, overgrowth, and in 1 block, squamous metaplasia were found. From the results obtained, I conclude that Nabothian follicle may be produced by squamous metaplasia as well as by overgrowth.
2) Among the 402 cases of cervical erosion (bleeding group 108 cases and non-bleeding group 294 cases), nearly one half of the bleeding group and 1/3 of the non-bleeding group were true erosion. Through the entire cases, the incidenee of misdiagnosis was 1.6% (5 cases), but not any specific finding was noted colposcopically. Carcinoma was detected in 10 cases (2.4%) of innocent-looking erosion.
If the colposcopic examination is performed as a screening test prior to the beginning of erosio-treatment it may be useful to determine more appropriate therapy to every case.
3) Examining 17 functional bleeding cases colposcopically, 6 cases were acknowledged to be functional, considering the manner of bleeding, history and menstrual cycle etc. In some cases of irregular genital bleeding, the site or, although not always, even the cause of bleeding may be clarified easily by colposcopic examination.
4) Colpitis: no specific finding was found colposcopically, but, examining 61 cases, 18 cases proved to be misdiagnosis and even in 1 case, the entity proved to be carcinomatous.
5) In 22 adnexitis cases, 1 cervical tuberculosis case and 23 primary sterility cases, no pathognomonic finding was found. It must call our attention, however, that in chronic adnexitis and in primary sterility cases, remnant of inflammatory process was quite common.
6) Observing 28 cases of “Erosio gravidarum”, it was noted that the remarkable increase of vaginal discharge during pregnancy was due to the marked proliferation of cervical epithelium (colposcopically; ectopy) and also that, in order to avoid histological misdiagnosis, the case history and clinical findings must be refered to.
7) The green color filter, which has been used to observe the fine structure of small vessels, is useful too in discovery of beginning transition zone.
8) Examining 191 cases of patients with the chief complaint of genital discharge, 118 cases proved to be noninflammatory and 2 cases were suffering from postabortive endometritis. Colposcope is useful to follow-up of healing process of the lower genital lesions, such as cauterization therapy, and it may be accepted widely as an useful instrument in the near future.

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With a view to explore and make a comparative study of various drugs as regards their activity in liberating skin histamine a quantitative determination method of in vitro histamine release from chopped dog skin has been devised and a study on the conditions influencing histamine release has been carried out.
Abdominal skin was removed from dog and cut in a fixed thickness by a chopper of my own contrivance, consisting of razor blades placed at given spaces and after eliminating the majority of histamine spontaneously diffused out by immersing in Tyrode solution, the skin pieces were shaked in a glass tube containing drug solution to be tested along with a glass bead for one hour at 37°C, and then the histamine content diffusing out in the drug solution and residual histamine in the tissue were determined separately.
The histamine releasing activity of drugs depends on the thickness of tissue pieces, temperature, and pH of the solution. In the case of thinner tissue pieces the rate of histamine release either by releaser solution or of spontaneous release proved to be greater. Below 45°C, the rise in temperature enhanced the release by a releaser more markedly than spontaneous release. At 60°C, however, all histamine in tissues diffused out within 60 minutes in the Tyrode solution not containing releaser.
In the isotonic buffer solution of pH 6-8 spontaneous release proved to be least, while at the pH either more acidic or basic the rate of release increased. On the alkaline side the effect of releaser of alkaloid salt increased to a greater degree than spontaneous release. This fact suggests that the penetration of alkaloids into the cell wall takes place readily in the form of base.
When the tissue is acted upon by the Tyrode solution or by 0.9% saline solution of 78 drugs tested, at 37°C for 60 minutes, these listed in the following released histamine from chopped skin rather markedly: Sinomenine, quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, optochine, quinoline, ethylmorphine, thebaine, dibucaine, tropacocaine, betaeucaine, sod. cholate, sod. taurocholate, sod. desoxycholate, Irgapyrine, dibenamine, Priscol, jalapa resin, ethylalcohol, acetone. HgCl₂, phenol, thymol, alkylresorcinol, oil of sinapis, oil of chenopodium and ichthammol.
On the other hand, salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and cocaine·HCl, under acidic condition, rather suppressed spontaneous release of histamine.
The rates of histamine release from dog skin shown by these drugs were found on the whole to be higher than those obtained by Kamimura (Folia pharmacol. japon., 53, 836, 1957) of our laboratory using guinea-pig lung tissues.
On the basis of these findings, the significance of histamine release in relation to symptoms of the so-called drug allergy or in the known pharmacological actions of certain drugs were discussed.

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It is well-known that the virus of “Izumi fever” is well preserved and even its serial passage is feasible by inoculation of the virus into the mouse. It is also inferred, however, that some alteration in virus multiplication or pathological changes will occur during the course of chronic infection.
In order to study these points in the chronic infectious course, the author inoculated the virus into mice, killed them on the previously decided days, and studied the infectious aspect and infectious degree in detail by observation of the pathological findings. These observations were compared with those in chronic infectious course of infectious hepatitis, hereby a certain conclusion was obtained.
The infection was well established and lasted for a long time by both of Yashiro and Mitsui strains. Two weeks after the inoculation of the virus, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells and cell infiltration were observed in the liver, which suggested that these pathological changes had been occurring repeatedly. In the lung, septal interstitial pneumonitis and cell infiltration appeared. From these findings, Yashiro and Mitsui strains are concluded to be the virus of the same nature.
These pathological findings are quite alike to those reported by Murakami et al. on the hepatitis virus; it appeared to be almost impossible to discriminate between these two sorts of viruses by the findings in chronic infectious course alone.

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In the present part, various biological and immunological natures of the virus of “Izumi fever” were investigated and compared with those of hepatitis virus isolated from the patients of infectious hepatitis. The results are summarized as follows:
1) In regard to the heat-resistance, drug-resistance and infectious aspect in chick-embryo, both viruses of “Izumi fever” and infectious hepatitis hadea great similarity.
2) As for the immunological nature, the neutralization of the virus of “Izumi fever” was established to some extent by the patient seram or rabbit immune serum but not by the hepatitis seram. These neutralization tests, however, seemed to be not the absolute one for the differentiation between these two sorts of viruses.
3) As mentioned above, the virus of “Izumi fever” has a great similarity to that of infectious hepatitis, and the difference in each nature is hardly observed. The discrimination between these two ones, however, become possible by putting all of these natures together

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By using trichloracetate method, diethylene glycol method, and trypsin digestion method, the author has separated a polysaccharide from B. Proteus X19 and refined it, and then having compared the respective quantity and purity derived from each method, the following results have been obtained.
1) The quantity derived in each method has been found in the order of trichloracetate method > trypsin method > diethylene glycol method.
2) The comparison of the purity so determined has been found diethylene glycol method > trichloracetate method > trypsin method, in the order mentioned.
3) The quantity of polysaccharide after extraction (digestion) is reduced to 1/3.6-1/28.5 on account of the refining by the Seitz-Werke filter. When dried and pulverized, it has been further reduced to 1/10-1/20.
4) It is possible to preserve this polysaccharide for a long period of time.
5) Having examined the chemical nature of polysaccharide abstracted by trichloracetate method, and after hydrolysis with paper-chromatography, three saccharide-like spots have been obtained.
6) This polysaccharide has been recognized to be a monoantigen by agar -method.
7) The introduction of P³² into Boivin type antigen has been ascertained.

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With the use of polysaccharide of B. Proteus X19 extracted by trichloracetate method, the author has performed precipitation between this polysaccharide and anti-serum of the rabbit immunized with Proteus X19 on one hand, and this polysaccharide against serum of Febris exanthematicus patient and serum of those having anamnesis of typhus exanthematicus and Febris exanthematicus on the other hand; and comparing these results with those with Weil-Felix reaction performed concomitantly, the following results have been finally obtained.
1) In the precipitation with anti-Proteus X19 rabbit serum by antigen-antibody-dilution method, various values have been found to be: antigen titer, 1:50, 000; antibody titer, 1:25; and antigen titer of binding zone, 1:10, 000; while the agglutination titer has been 1:2, 500.
2) Antibody has remained in those patients having anamnesis of typhus exanthematicus or Febris exanthematicus. In the precipitation with their serum antigen titer has been fonnd to be 1:250-1:2, 500; while the agglutination by Weil-Felix reaction has been 1:100-1:500.
Furthermore, in the precipitation with serum of Febris exanthematicus patient antigen titer has been found to be 1:250-1:1, 000; while the agglutination titer is 1:250-1:1, 000.
3) The antigen titer of precipitation runs parallel to the agglutination titer of Weil-Felix reaction.
4) This polysaccharide seems to possess a special feature which makes it possible to be kept for a long period of time.

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The author has carried out Shwartzman phenomenon by using culture filtrate of B. Proteus X19, refined polysaccharide separated from this bacillus by hydrochloric acid. And also influences of hyaluronidase on Shwartzman phenomenon by polysaccharide of this bacillus have been examined. The results of which are as follows.
1) The Shwartzman phenomenon is positive in the cases of culture filtrate of B. Proteus X19 and polysaccharide of this bacillus by trichloracetate abstraction method.
2) Polysacchride obtained by dividing this bacillus with hydrochloric acid is less able to prepare Shwartzman phenomenon than protein by the same method.
3) By the present experimental method hyaluronidase has increased the area of Shwartzman phenomenon.

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By using trichloracetate method, diethylene glycol method, and trypsin method, the author has extracted (or digested) polysaccharide from B. Proteus XK. Then after comparing the respective quantity and purity of the polysaccharide derived by each method, the following results have been obtained.
1) Polysaccharide has been extraced (or digested) from B. Proteus XK with the aid of trichloracetate, diethylene glycol, or trypsin. On account of the refining process-that is, the filtering by the Seitz-Werke filter, this polysaccharide is reduced to 1/6-1/47. When dried, it is further reduced to 1/4-1/25.
2) Trichloracetate method yeilds more quantity in purer form than the other two methods.
3) It is possible to preserve this polysaccharide for a long period of time.

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With the use of pepsin the author has extracted a polysaccharide by digesting Streptococcus viridans. Having carried out precipitation between this polysaccharide and anti-streptococcal rabbit serum, the following results have been obtained.
1) From 1.3 gm of wet bacilli of Streptococcus viridans 43.75 mg. of polysaccharide has been obtained, which is found to be soluble in physiological salt solution.
2) In the precipitation reactions titers are; antigen titer, 1:10, 000 by Uhlenhuth method; and antigen titer, 1:10, 000, antibody titer 1:250 and antigen titer of binding zone 1:2, 500 by antigen-antibody-dilution method. Furthermore, Antigen titer has been found to be 1:10, 000 in antibody-dilution 1:50 and antibody titer 1:250 and antigen titer of binding zone 1:2, 500 by mixprobe method.
3) In the agglutination of bacillus, owing to the difficulty in getting uniform bacillus emulsions of streptococcus, it has been found quite difficult to determine definitely the agglutination.
4) A long storage of this polysaccharide is also possible.

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Rabbits were immunized repeatedly (ten times) with the extract of human placenta, and with these rabbits' anti-sera the precipitin reaction was investigated, the following are the results:
1) These anti-sera contained the precipitins reacting on human, fetal and umbilical cord blood sera as well as human placental extract, fetal hemoglobin and amnion water.
2) After absorption of these anti-sera with human, they contained yet some precipitins reacting on human placental extract, fetal, umbilical cord blood sera, amnion water and fetal hemoglobin. They reacted on some pregnant women's sera, and did not on the others.
3) After the absorption of the anti-sera, which were already absobed anti-human sera precipitin, with fetal blood sera or fetal hemoglobin, they did not react on the above mentioned reaction antigens in the former case, but they reacted on them in the latter, though it was weak.
4) It was considered from these data that some specific protein fractions, which were not contained in the adult human sera, were contained in the human placental extract. As J. HIRASE in our laboratory confirmed that the fetal blood sera contained some specific protein fractions, it was also considered that these two fractions were the same. It was suggested by this author that the specific antibody was not the same with the reacting antigen of fetal hemoglobin.

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