Concerining the physiological properties possessed by the cell membrane, recently an attention has been called on various problems such as the cell recognition mechanism to begin with, and the mutual relationships among the intercellular communication mechanism, as well as the metabolism adjustment of membrane binding enzymes, aside from the compartmentation of substances. Essentially the physico-chemical properties of the membrane of cancer cell and proliferating cells are important in relation to the treatment of cancer. And attempts are being made to change the cell metabolism by artificially altering the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane.
Cepharanthine, one of the biscoclaurin alkaloids, is known from olden days to possess a thanatophidia hemolytic property, but this property seems to bring about the change in the physico-chemical properties of the cell membrane, and it is interesting in the point that this substance may have a membrane modifying property. For these reasons, during the investigation on the actions of alkaloids on the cell membrane many interesting phenomena have been elucidated. This report presents the results recently obtained about the changes in physico-chemical properties of biological membrane by the treatment with cepharanthine. The obtained results were as follows.
1. Cepharanthine inhibits K⁺-release from red blood cells when these cells are treated with snake venom, phospholipase A, lysolecithine, lead acetate and hexane. But the alkaloid does not inhibit K⁺-release induced by ionophores, surface active agents and HVJ.
2. Cepharanthine inhibits the hyperpolalization of membrane potential induced by lead acetate or hexane.
3. Similar inhibitory effect of cholesterol on K⁺-release from the cells by the treatment with lead acetate is observed.
4. From these results it is suggested that the inhibitory action of cepharanthine on K⁺-release from cells is due to the action of decrease in membrane fluidity.

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The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on body weight, nitrogen balance and the histological or cytological changes of main organs in rats. TPN was introduced to 59 female Wistar rats of seven weeks after birth, for ten days. The animals were devided into six groups as follows:
Group I Control, fed orally by pellets
Group II TPN of amino acid-fat-glucose
Group III TPN of amino acid-glucose
Group IV Fat and glucose
Group V Amino acid exclusively
Group VI Starvation
1) The body weight increases in Group II and III were 6.7% and 3.6% of the initial value, respectively. However, the increase in body weight of each group was less than that of control. Nitrogen balance study showed that cumulative nitrogens of Group II and III for seven days were 1.10 and 0.93 grams, respectively.
2) Fatty infiltration in the liver was not due to whether TPN consisted of fat or not. When a Cal/N ratio was increased in TPN, liver showed fatty infiltration at the peripheral regions of the lobules. The fatty infiltration seemed to become more diffuse as caloric excess was greater. Electron microscopy of hepatocytes revealed multiple giant lipid droplets in cytoplasm and glycogen cluster localizing around lipid droplets. This suggests that glycogen may change to fat following TPN.
3) TPN caused an atrophy of exocrine pancreas. The atrophy was much greater in Group IV, which was excluded amino acid. Ultrastructurally, pancreatic acinar cells revealed increased FCD (focal cytoplasmic degradation) of various size, augumented flat mitochondria, increased immature zymogen granules and dilatation of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. These results show that deprivation of amino acid from TPN causes impairment to pancreatic acinar cells, even in short period.
4) Infusion of hypertonic glucose or amino acid caused cloudy swelling and vacuolization of renal tubule epithelial cells, which ultrastructurally coincided with the swelling, deformity and vacuolization of mitochondria, low electron density of cytoplasm and increased lysosomes.

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The distribution of catecholamine of substantia nigra was observed under fluoromicroscopy by Falck-Hillarp method for catecholamine detection. Several mammals (monkey, goat, dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse) were used.
Substantia nigra of all mammals used consisted of two regions, zona compacta and zona reticularis. Nerve cells and fibers with strong catecholamine-specific fluorescence were observed in zona compacta of all mammals used, but in zona reticularis nerve cells did not contain catecholamine and nerve fibers contained a little catecholamine. Nerve cells which consisted zona compacta of monkey, goat, dog and cat were large and sparsely distributed, while those of rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse were small and densely distributed. The strength of fluorescence of the latter animals were stronger than that of the former animals.
Thus, the absence of significant differences among animals of distribution and cell shape of nerve cells of subatantia nigra suggest that this region has central role in the function of catecholamine, especially dopaminergic neurons of the brain.

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The α₁-antitrypsin (α₁AT), which comprises more than 90% of the protein content of the α₁-globulin, inhibits a variety of enzyme. α₁ AT is the major trypsin inhibitor in human serum and has an important role as antiplasmin in fibrinolytic system.
The experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of α₁ AT on fibrinolytic system, measuring serum α₁ AT levels and coagulative and fibrinolytic activities in man. The serum α₁AT levels were measured in 30 controls, 93 cancer and 107 nonmalignant patients. They were also measured in the postoperative patients who were 7 cases of gastric cancer, 5 of lung cancer, 5 of breast cancer and 5 of cholelithiasis. The serum levels were measured by a single radial immunodiffusion plate (M-partigen) obtained from the Behring Institute.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The levels of α₁AT were significantly increased in patients with lung cancer, gastric cancer and colon cancer, while those with breast cancer and thyroid cancer remained in normal range. There was a significant correlation between α₁ AT and the clinical stage of lung cancer and gastric cancer. Among nonmalignant patients, AT was significantly elevated in the inflammatory diseases such as lung abscess and hepatitis.
2) α₁AT had the lowerest level at the end of operation and it exceeded the preoperative value and returned to preoperative level at the 14th day. These changes of α₁ AT were observed both cancer and nonmalignant patients. The plasma fibrinogen levels showed a similar pattern to α₁ AT during postoperative period, whereas α₂-macroglobulin had no significant changes. The concentration of plasma plasminogen and antithrombin III had been fallen below the preoperative levels by the 7th day and returned at the 14th day. Antitrypsin activities were increased to some extent by the 7th postoperative day.
These results suggest that the elevation of α₁AT is closely related to two factors as follows:
a) α₁AT may increase to neutralize a certain leucocytic protease when leucocytes increase in body.
b) The increase in α₁ AT might be due to regulating the plasmin which auguments in cancer, inflammation or postoperative patients, may induce release of antiplasmin whose activity is mainly dependent on α₁ AT.

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1) T cell population and blastogenic activity against both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweek mitogen (PWM) were assayed in twenty patients, whose malignant neoplasma had been eradicated by surgery before more than six months, when the first clinical evidence of the recurrence was observed during the period of postoperative control.
A deterioration of the blastogenic activity of the lymphocyte to PHA was highly significant, compaired with that in healthy subjects and patients who have had radical surgery for their neoplasm but showed no evidence of the recurrence. It was noted that this deterioration occurred regardlessly of the interval between the surgery and the recurrence and also of the mode of recurrent lesion.
No remarkable differences were observed in the T cell population and the blastogenic activity to PWM among these three groups.
2) Swiss mice were undergone subcutaneous autotransplantation of isolated tumor cells from their own methylcholanthrene-induced leg sarcoma after surgical removal of the tumor. The establishment of the autotransplantation and the growth of the tumor was daily observed and the blastogenic activity of the splenic lymphocyte to PHA was assayed 14 days after the tumor implantation.
Neither a period before the tumor take nor cumulative incidence of the take were correlated with the blastogenic activity of the splenic cell. However, the individual size of the tumors 14 days after the transplantation was markedly smaller in mice having the blastogenic activity higher than the mean value in the group than in those having the activity lower than the mean. Thus the reverse correlation between the tumor size and the blastogenic activity ratio were statistically significant (p<0.01).
An additional skin homograft performed simultaneously with the tumor inoculation resulted in the apparent increase in the number of the mice showing the blastogenic ratio higher than the mean in the non-grafted control, and this caused further inhibition of the tumor growth, showing also the significant reverse correlatio between the tumor size and the blastogenic ratio (p<0.01).
B. C. G. inoculation, before, at and after the tumor transplantation, caused marked decrease in the mitogenic activity of the splenic cell, but the tumor growth was significantly detarded and the reverse correlation between the tumor size and the blastogenic ratio among the individual mice was preserved as in the above two experiments.
In mice administered with Cephranthin, daily for 14 successive days starting with the tumor transplantation, the tumor growth inhibition of slight grade was observed as late as 14 days following the tumor inoculation and no significant effect on the blastogenic activity of the splenic cell was observed, and though the reverse correlation above was affirmed it was not highly significant (p<0.05).
3) From the results mentioned above, the author intended to conclude that the reverse correlation between tumor growth and blastogenic activity of the lymphoid cell does exist and even the nonspecific immunopotentiation contribute to bestow the ability for the lymphoid cell to suppress the tumor growth by potentiation of the blastogenic activity, even in mechanism of establishment of autotransplantation of malignant tumor in the subject whose malignant neoplasma was eradicated, as in cancer bearing hosts.
Additionally, the possibility that deterioration of the blastogenic activity of the lymphoid cell may play a role of triggering effect for dormant cancer cell to obtain a growing ability was presumed and a possibility of significant contribution to this mechanism of cell-mediated cancer immunity other than that can be assessed by mitogenic activity of the lymphoid cell was also discussed.

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ラット切歯歯髄の脂質組成ならびに脂肪酸組成を解析するとともに,あわせてエックス線全身照射の各々の組成に及ぼす影響を研究し次の如き結果を得た.
(1) 切歯歯髄の総脂質含量は蛋白量相対比にして0.26の値を得た.エックス線全身照射群(1000R照射後3日目のもの)の歯髄も同様0.26の値を得,その差は得られなかった.
(2) 正常切歯歯髄の総脂質の脂肪酸組成において,パルミチン酸,オイレン酸,ステアリン酸,アラキドン酸,リノール酸の順に主成分として認められ,前三脂肪酸で78%以上を占めた.エックス線全身照射群においてはオレイン酸の減少,アラキドン酸の増加が認められた.口腔領域への部分照射(1000R)でも同様の傾向がみられた.
(3) 正常切歯歯髄の脂質構成としてリン脂質,コレステロール,トリグリセリド,コレステロールエステルが主成分として認められ,リン脂質は45%,コレステロールは30%を占めた.エックス線全身照射群ではリン脂質,トリグリセリドの構成比に変動はみられなかったが,コレステロールの減少とコレステロールエステルの増加が認められた.
(4) 正常切歯歯髄リン脂質の構成を各種呈色反応で仮同定した結果,レシチン,ホスファチジルエタノールアミン,ホスファチジルセリンが主成分として90%以上を占めた.特にホスファチジルセリン含量が多いのが注目される.照射群ではレシチンの増加,ホスファチジルセリンの減少など若干の組成比に変動がみられたが,対照との差は有意とは言えなかった.

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1) ラット切歯歯髄のホモゲネートにおいてFe⁺⁺誘導脂質過酸化反応活性が認められた.エックス線全身照射(1000R)したラットより分離した歯髄ホモゲネートのFe⁺⁺誘導脂質過酸化反応は非照射のそれに比して促進がみられた.
2) ラット切歯歯髄脂質の構成脂質中で,過酸化反応を誘起し易い脂質はリン脂質で,中性脂質ではほとんど誘起されなかった.
3) リン脂質中,そのリン脂質構成の大部分をしめるホスファチジルコリン,ホスファチジルエタノールアミン,ホスファチジルセリンにおいて過酸化反応が誘起し得た.中でもホスファチジルエタノールアミンの脂質重量当りの比活性が最も高い値を示した.
4) リン脂質の脂肪酸組成では,アラキドン酸をはじめ,不飽和含量が多く,トリグリセリドではアラキドン酸はみられなかった.

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As a link in the studies on biological activity of lymphocytes in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites cancer and in cancer patients the correlation between machrophage migration inhibitory activity (MIF-activity) and the progress of cancer was investigated, and the results are presented briefly as follows.
1. MIF activity in the mouse transplanted s. c. with 5×10⁶ Ehrlich cancer cells first appears markedly in the regional lymph nodes and the MIF activity disappears about 10 days after the cancer transplantation.
2. In three cases (8.6%) out of 36 having benign diseases MIF activity is positive.
3. In measuring the MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 71 gastric cancer patients before operation, those showing positive or pseudo-positive activity of MIF are 24 cases, being 33.9% of the total. MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes before operation in the cases of Stage II is 41.7%, in those of Stage III it is 29.0% and in those of Stage IV it is 15.4%, indicating that the positive rate of MIF declines as the cancer progresses. Lymphocytes of the lymph nodes extirpated during operation show a similar tendency.
4. In comparing MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients before operation with that after operation, the activity in Stage II before operation is 41.7% as against 0% after operation, that in Stage III it is 29.0% before operation and 10.5% after operation, showing a marked decrease, while that in Stage IV, in contrast, rises from 15.4% to 23.1%. Usually the MIF activity disappears when tumor removal is completely performed, but in the cases of progressive cancer the MIF activity seems to be sustained.
5. Looking at the cross reaction, in gastric cancer cases with positive MIF activity for autochthonous antigen they show 42.9% positivity against heterogenous antigen. Besides we have observed the cross reaction between gastric cancer and colon cancer as well as between colon cancer and gastric cancer.
The foregoing findings indicate that in human cancer just as in animal cancer MIF activity first appears in the regional lymph nodes, which tends to decrease and disappears as the cancer advances. Since there can be observed a marked cross reaction between gastric cancer patients, MIF would serve as a useful criterion for the discovery of gastric cancer and for the determination of prognosis.

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Isometric handgrip exercise were performed to evaluate the left ventricular performances in fifteen normal adults by echocardiography.
The following parameters increased significantly during isometric handgrip exercise. blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, stroke work index, contractile index.
The normal hearts responded to the increase of afterload during isometric exercise by increased heart rate but the promotion of contractile state was not seen, so it was thought that the wall stress or the wall thickness increased.

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Responding mechanism of regenerating hepatocytes induced by partial hepatectomy was studied.
1) Fibroblast inhibitory and stimulatory factors on fibroblast proliferation co-exist in the same rat liver supernatant, and they were simply isolated each other by ethanol fractionation.
2) These factors have protein components and lose the biological activities by heat-treatment, and they show the competitive activity each other, respectively.
3) In regenerating liver, stimulatory factor(s) was not remarkably changed, but inhibitory one almost lost the inhibitory activity. These phenomena are very rational and suitable for hepatocyte regeneration.
4) The inhibitory activity was separatedly eluted by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of inactive regenerating liver fraction, and new peak that did not exist in normal inhibitory fraction was detected in polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis of regenerating liver same fraction.
5) These phenomena suggest that a possible new anti-inhibitory factor(s) would be formed by partial hepatectomy.

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The methods for cultivation of amniotic fluid cells were described.
Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed for prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities. Successful cultures for karyotyping were accomplished in 12 of 13 samples obtained from 12 patients.
In one case karyotypic analysis of cultivated amniotic fluid cells revealed a karyotype of 45, X and then therapeutic abortion was performed. The karyotype of cultivated fetal skin and umbilical cord blood cells was 45, X/45, XX mosaicism. The necropsy of the aborted fetus disclosed pure gonadal dysgenesis.
Prenatal genetic diagnosis with cultivated amniotic fluid cells is useful for monitoring of high-risk pregnancies.

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原因不明のmonosymptomaticな視神経炎および視神経萎縮の60例に対し,アンケートによる初診後の経過を調べ,初診時の髄液検査(39例)の結果と合せ検討した.
1) 症例の発症年令は,思春期前および初老期後は著しく少なく,性別は男女同数だが,経過別にみると,緩徐発症慢性経過は男性に,急激発症反復は女性に多い.
2) 発症誘因に,発熱・感冒・過労などがあり, MSに類似する.
3) 後に神経症状を呈したのは6例で,急激発症例の15.4%にあたる.うちMSへ移行したのは3例7.7%である.球後視神経炎のみに限ると, 18例中3例16.7%である.
4) 眼底所見,罹患側,臨床経過などを分析すると,各々,球後視神経炎,両側非同時性,急激発症反復型がMSへの指向を示す.
5) 髄液では,軽度細胞数増多,軽度蛋白量増加を示す.蛋白分画ではalbuminの減少, fast α₂-glo-bulin+transferrinの増加,γ-globulinの増加の他pre-albuminの増加がうかがえた.
6) 眼底所見別にみると,蛋白量は視神経炎で高値であるのに対し, IgG, IgG%は球後視神経炎で増加を示す.罹患側別にみると,片側性および両側非同時性においてγ-globulinの増加を認む.経過別にみると反復型およびMS移行群で,蛋白量,γ-globulinの増加を示す,又MS移行の3例中2例で,初回発作時にMS的髄液所見(γ-globulinの選択的増加, IgG, IgG%の増加)を示した.

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Immunoglobulin E was measured in concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of controls and patients with various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The radioimmunoaasay method was used for IgE and the single radial immunodiffusion method was used for other immunoglobulins.
IgE in CSF was able to quantify in 86.4% of 118 cases, and then, it is thought that there is quantitative IgE component in normal CSF. In controls (N=23) IgE contents ranged from 0.03 to 0.71 U/ml (M: 0.28 U/ml). IgE/100mg of total protein ratio in CSF ranged from 0.06 to 1.52 (M: 0.61). Then, it is suspected that normal value of IgE and IgE% is below 0.8U/ml and 1.6.
The CSF/serum ratio of IgE was about 0.1% (0.08-0.12%). This value is larger than that of IgM, and smaller than that of IgA and suggests immunoglobulin permeability through the blood-brain-CSF barrier in reverse proportion to molecular weight.
In pathological CSF, the increase of IgE was related to the increase of total protein, IgG, IgA and IgM levels but IgD. IgE level was increased in 19 of 84 cases (22.6%), especially high IgE level was seen in acute inflammatory diseases of central nervous system but in chronic disorders (for example dementia paralytica). Otherwise, polyradiculoneuritis and diseases with abnormality of CSF dynamics or brain atrophy, revealed the tendency of high IgE levels. In these disorders, the increase of IgE was parallel with total protein level, IgG and other immunoglobulins in most cases.
The incidence of high IgE level in MS was 3 of 15 cases, but these increases of IgE were not corelated with abnormalities of other components in CSF and it was revealed the possibility of another pathophysiological process of IgE from IgG and other immunoglobulins in central nervous system. No relationship was present between the incidence of high CSF IgE level and various factors such as clinical stage, suspected lesion and severity of disturbance in MS.

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Recent developments in microsurgical techniques have brought about the possibility of restoration of the main branches of the cerebral arterial blood flow resulting from obstructive conditions. These arteries usually indicate pathological alterations.
However, there are only a few reports on the healing processes of the anastomotic sites on the pathological arterial wall.
In the present study, the histological and histochemical healing processes were investigated in an anastomotic site of normal and pathological arterial walls.
Ninety-two normal rats and 96 Goldblatt rats were used.
End-to-end anastomosis was performed on the left common carotid artery by microsurgical technique.
The patency rates of anastomosis were 71.6% in normal rats and 73.0% in Goldblatt rats. Patent anastomosed arteries were observed at various post-operative periods, ranging from 24 hours to 12 weeks. For histological studies, hematoxylin-eosin and Van Giesen stainings were used. For histochemical studies, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxydase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were examined.
Goldblatt rats were divided into two groups histologically. One group had a slight degeneration of the medial muscle, and the other group had a marked degeneration. This histological difference between the two groups was probably due to blood pressure. A histological examination revealed a healing stage at four weeks in the former group and the histochemical study showed healing at eight weeks in the former group. There was no significant difference on the healing process between the former group and normal rats.
Goldblatt rats which showed marked degenerative changes of the medial muscle indicated a poor healing process with granulation in the outer regions of medial necrotic areas. At 12 weeks after anastomosis, histological examination still showed the prominent and widespread degenerative changes on the medial wall. The histochemical examinations of this group revealed few enzymatic activities in the media in areas adjacent to the anastomosis, although rather higher activities were observed in the adventitia in granulation areas adjacent to the anastomotic site. But alkaline phosphatase in the adventitia around the anastomotic site markedly decreased in activity. These decreased activities of the alkaline phosphatase were probably due to destruction of the vasa vasorum.
These findings suggested that the cause of these prominent and widespread necrotic regions were due to the absence of circulating blood which was stopped by temporarily clipping and destruction of the vasa vasorum during the operation.
But, normal and slight degenerative arterial walls did not indicate such prominent changes.
It was suggested from these experimental study that the pathological arterial walls were easily injured in the ischemic condition during the operation.

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Membrane-associated (M-Ig) and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (C-Ig) of 4 human lymphoblastoid cell lines and 3 clones isolated from one of them were examined by immunofluorescence test. It was found that individual cells produced only a single type of light chain components and one or more types of heavy chain components of Ig. There was no specific correlation between the Ig types of M-Ig and C-Ig.

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How to treat the malignant brain tumors has been one of the biggest problems in neurosurgery. It has been in the past, and it is still now. In addition to surgical removal of tumors, various non-surgical method have been tried for the treatment of malignant gliomas. The use of heating or of cooling are some of these methods. They have been tried for a long time.
Already in 1866 Busch, W. observed disappearance of sarcoma in patients suffering from erysipelas. Westermark, N. in 1927 observed that rat transplanted tumors were caused to disappear by exposing to heating, while the adjacent normal tissues were not damaged under conditions lethal to the tumors. In 1960 Woodhall, B. heated tumors locally that were perfused with chemotherapy. Shingleton, W. W., in 1962, heated localized tumor tissue on the patients with cancer, combined with regional chemotherapy under generalized hypothermia.
According to Popovic, V. P. et'al. in 1965, they were first to report that differential hypothermia, keeping tumors normothermic under total body hypothermia at a temperature of 4°C during a period of 10 hours in experimental animals, induced disappearance of tumor without resuming their growth afterward. Popovic, V. P., et al. in 1966 carried out further experiments and observed that tumors of the animals disappeared also subsequent to cooling whole body to 4°C for 1 hours with anti-tumor agent, as well as to cooling whole body to 30°C for 24 hours without chemotherapy while the tumor kept at 37°C.
However, in order to induce tumor disappearance the differential hypothermia has to last at least 4°C for 110 hours, or 30°C for 24 hours. Since deep hypothermia lasting several hours or shallow hypothermia for long time is not well tolerated in non-hibernators, namely human beings, present experiment has been performed in an attempt to simulate the conditions of clinical work as close as possible. For this purpose the bodies of 22 hamsters were mildly cooled to a temperature of 30°C, while cheek pouch transplanted tumors induced originally by adenovirus type 12 remained uncooled at 37°C for 10 hours (Fig. 1, 2). The dose of 50 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered intraperitoneally in single injection at the beginning of treatment of shallow differential hypothermia (Table 1, Fig. 2). This resulted in that within 7 days later 4 out of 22 tumors (20%) disappeared completely without resuming their growth afterward, and 12 out of 22 tumors (55%) regressed temporarily for a period of 10 days after treatment (Table 2, 3, Fig. 6-b, 8). When the same amount of 5-FU was administered into normothermic tumor-bearing animals or into hypothermic animals with hypothermic tumors, tumor size of the animals was not affected (Table 1, Fig. 5-a, 6-a). When shallow differential hypothermia was treated without any anti-tumor agent, neither normothermic tumor size nor hypothermic one of the animals was also affected (Table 1, Fig. 7-a).
Histological findings were degeneration of tumor cells. Stainability of nucleolar RNA and nuclear DNA by means of methyl green-pyronine and Feulgen's methods was decreased already immediately after the shallow differential hypothermia treatment for 10 hours with 5-FU administration (Fig. 10-a). This was followed by, at 24 hours after the treatment, marked decreasing and loss of the stainability of nucleolar RNA and nuclear DNA as well as dismixture of chromatin and karyolysis of nuclei (Fig. 11-a, b). Scattered necrotic foci in the tumor tissue were obviously revealed 48 hours after the treatment. Tumor cells showed selectively these degenerative finding after treatment, while adjacent mucosal tissue of cheek pouch preserved their normal appearance almost wholly even 12 hours after the treatment (Fig. 10-c).

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T-antigens of transplanted hamster tumors induced by human adenovirus type 12 were studied by fluorescent antibody technique within 24 hours after differential hypothermia (DH) treatment, in which one side cheek pouch tumor was warmed at 37±1°C under generalized hypothermia of the body and the other side tumor at 20±1°C for 10 hours.
A high proportion of the tumor cells in the viable portions of the control tumors demonstrated specific fluorescent staining in three type. The most striking and consistent pattern was the presence of numerous fluorescent particles in the cytoplasm, which were granular and fleck-like shapes. A second type of fluorescence was fluorescent particles in the nucleus in addition to the cytoplasmic staining, and a third type was homogenous staining of nucleus.
Immediately after DH treatment, the treated warmed tumor cells presented diminution of fluorescent staining, especially large numbers of granular fluorescences in the cytoplasms. Fleck-like and homogenous nuclear staining of the treated tumor cells scattered even at 10 and 15 hours after DH treatment, when treated tumor cells revealed necrobiotic findings in sections of HE and nucleic acid stain. But no fluorescence was observed at 20 and 24 hours after DH treatment, while not-treated hypothermic tumor cells demonstrated about same fluorescent staining as control tumor cells.
It was suggested that cytoplasmic granular fluorescence diminished because DH treatment had an effect on thermo-sensitivity of T-antigen because DH treatment had an effect on thermo-sensitivity of T-antigen and/or inhibited T-antigen production, as well as loss of fleck-like and hemogenous nuclear fluorescence was due to tumor cell necrosis by DH treatment.

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198 male albino rats were used in this experiment. First, 42 rats were divided into 13 different dietary groups to test the effects of high fat and cholesterol in the diet on the level of serum cholesterol and the degree of atherogenesis. Then the effects of four different types of diet upon the healing of small vessel anastomoses were studied. Group one received a regular control diet (MF diet, Oriental KOBO Co. Ltd.), group two, A diet (regular diet with cholesterol 5%, peanut oil 5% and sodium cholate 2%), group three, AP diet (A diet with pyridinolcarbamate 0.05%), group four, AT diet (A diet with thiouracil 0.3%). All percentages were calculated on a weight basis. Each group received the above diets for 13 weeks before anastomosis. Then, end to end anastomosis of the common carotid artery was performed using the operating microscope. Rats were sacrificed in groups of 2 to 6 from 24 hours to 20 weeks postoperatively. Vessel patency was determined and histological and histochemical changes were noted.
Average values of the level of s-cholesterol at the time of sacrifice were 80 mg/dl in the normal group, 484 mg/dl in the A group, 342 mg/dl in the AP group and 661 mg/dl in the AT group and patency rates were 23/30 (77%), 16/36 (44%), 17/32 (53%) and 3/8 (38%) respectively.
Histologically, diffuse degeneration of smooth muscle cells in the media and marked deposition of fat granules in the intima and media were observed in the hypercholesteremic rats of groups A and AT. In the AT group mural thrombi were often observed around the site of anastomosis with narrowing of the lumen. In rats fed atherogenic diets, healing of the anastomosis was significantly delayed requiring 6 to 8 weeks as determined by histological evidence and about 12 weeks by histochemical. Some degree of degeneration with fat granules was noted in the walls of the vessels at the sites where the vascular clamps had been applied.
Histochemical examination of anastomosed vessels from rats fed atherogenic diets A and AT showed markedly lower activities of LDH, G-6-PDH, SDH and Cy-O in the media and rather higher activities in the adventitia than in vessels from rats fed control diets. In all groups Ac-P activity increased in the adventitia following surgery then decreased gradually with the healing process and Al-P activity increased temporarily in granulation tissue. But the activity of this latter enzyme was found to be markedly decreased in the adventitia following surgery in the vessels of rats fed atherogenic diets and seemed to be correlated with the degree of medial necrosis.
Patency rates were very low in rats fed the A, AP and AT diets as compared to those fed the control diet, there being a clear tendency for higher cholesterol levels to result in lower patency rates. It would appear that persistent hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of delayed occlusion at the anastomotic site caused by mural thrombi or atheromatous change. The rats in the AP group showed less prominent fat infiltration of the vessel wall and fewer mural thrombi than those of the A or AT groups. This work suggests that it would be advantageous to administer anti-coagulant and/or anti-atherogenic medication after vascular anastomosis and to maintain that therapy throughout the duration of the healing process.

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Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B-cells) in the cryosection of human tissues were identified either by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E) or with erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement (EAC), respectively. Invariable and stable reaction was obtained in EAC rosettes of the tissue lymphocytes while E binding of them was rather unstable. E could be adhered in the thymus sections which were obtained from normal infants during open heart surgery, but EAC did not bind to them at all.
It was confirmed that B-cells located mostly in the lymph follicles of the lymph nodes as well as the palatine tonsils and T-cells were present predominantly in the paracortical area and interfollicular region. B-cells in the germinal centers would generally have more activated C₃ receptors than those of the mantle zones. In addition, B-cells of the lymph follicles both in the lymph nodes and in the palatine tonsils could be also detected utilizing the membrane immunofluorescence technique. The proportion of T- and B-cells distribution in the lymphoid tissue was well correlated with that obtained on free cell suspension technique.
Therefore, it could be concluded that T and B lymphocytes were able to identify respectively even in tissue level.

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The lymphocyte subpopulations were detected in the target organs obtained from various autoimmune disorders on the tissue cryosections. Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) were detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E) or with sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (EAC) respectively. Almost all infiltrating lymphocytes in the salivery glands in patients with Sjogren's syndrome were identified as B cells and T cells were detected only along the ducts. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, infiltrating lymphocytes with the lymph follicles in the thyroid gland were mostly B cells whereas T cells localized as surrounded the thyroid follicles. T cells would not be detected in the spleen sections obtained from the patients with hypoplastic anemia at all. The white pulp was constituted by B cells, and the mononuclear cells in the red pulp might be macrophages of which these cell surfaces had IgG-Fc receptors.
The lymph follicles of the thymus in a patient with myasthenia gravis complicated with thymoma was demonstrated to be formed with B cells.
Therefore, it could be concluded that B cells were predominant lymphocytes in the target organs, while T cells localized in situ developing the autoimmune reactions in various autoimmune diseases.

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