The chronic infection was established in the mouse by the inoculation of the virus isolated from the patients of infectious hepatitis in Okayama prefecture, and the infectious course was investigated pathohistologically for about 500 days. The results are summerized as follows;
1) Though most of the mice inoculated with the virus did not succumb but took a chronic course, the typical pathological findings were observed with the liver as the focus. With the laps of time, however, some of the mice died, in which the pathological changes were particularly marked.
2) The general pathological findings were the degeneration and necrosis of the parenchymal cells and the cell infiltration in the liver. These findings varied with the laps of time and the cell infiltration became marked enough to be a sign of infection, though the degeneration and necrosis were still somewhat obserbed.
3) In the lung, there were observed the interalveolitis or the proliferation of round cell or mesenchymal cell around bronchi and blood versels, which was considered to be caused by the infection of the virus.
4) The reversion of the virus from the mouse to chick-embryo was established. This fact suggests that the virus stays in the organs of the infected mouse for a long time and its multiplication and diminution are being repeated.

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By carrying out a series of observations on the protein metabolism by bone marrow culture (Carrel flask method) and on the effect of various drugs acting directly on the bone marrow, the following results have been obtained:
(1) Albumin is utilized for multiplication of the bone marrow tissue while globulin is produced by the bone marrow. Consequently, the increase of globulin has a correlation with marrow functions in direct proportion.
(2) In globulin fractions, γ-globulin seems to play the most important rôle.
(3) Both α- and β-globulins seem to play no important rôle.
(4) Fibrinogen is produced by the bone marrow, and it has a close relationship with marrow functions.
(5) Folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and bone marrow extract directly stimulate marrow functions, and they promote the production of globulin, especially of γ-globulin and fibrinogen on one hand, and the consumption of albumin on the other hand.
(6) Nitromin (Nitrogen mustard-N-oxyde) lowers functions of the bone marrow and inhibits the production of globulin, paricularly γ-globulin and fibrinogen, and the consumption of albumin.

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The protein metabolism of the bone marrow in experimental anemic rabbits had been studied with explanted bone marrow culture (Carrel flask method) and the following results were obtained:
(1) The consumption of albumin and the production of globulin and fibrinogen, have been found to have rather decreased in the bone marrow of the rabbits given benzol for a short period of time. Next, in the case of the rabbits given benzol for a longer period of time. hypolasia of the bone marrow has been quite marked, namely, the consumption of albumin is low and production of globulin or of fibrinogen can hardly be noticed.
(2) In the rabbits given saponin, the findings have been almost identical with those of the normal.
(3) In the rabbits administered with phenylhydrazin or collargol, the marrow functions are low, the consumption of albumin slack, and the production of globulin and fibrinogen has been markedly low.
(4) In the rabbits irradiated by x-rays, the marrow function have been completely deteriorated; namely, neither the consumption of albumin nor the production of globulin and fibrinogen can at all been seen.

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By loading the tissue culture (Carrel flask method) of the bone marrow of normal rabbits with sera of Patients suffering from various diseases, various factors involved in multiplication of the bone marrow at the same time the influences of these of these sera on the protein metabolism in the rabbit bone marrow have been investigated and the following are the results:
(1) Sera of hypolastic anemia, Banti's disease, and of leukemia act directly on the bone marrow, and the presence of the substances inhibiting the marrow functions has been recognized, inhibiting the production of γ-globulin and fibrinogen by the marrow.
(2) No substance acting directly on the bone marrow has been recognized in the sera of such blood disorders as essential hypochromic anemia, hookworm disease, Werlhof's disease, as well as in liver and kidney diseases or tuberculosis, and the loading of such sera to the marrow culture exerts no influence on the protein metabolism.
(3) In the serum of cancer patient, the presence of substance slightly inhibiting the marrow functions has been recognized.

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By making Spalteholz's preparates from the lungs of adult rabbits, mainly from the 18 experimentally induced cavities and 11 caseous foci, following the progress of these tuberculons lesions, and examining these specimens under a 3-dimentional microscope, the author has arrived at the following conclusions:
1) In the tuberculous lesions, it has been found that the blocking of the pulmonary artery occurs and subsequent blocking of pulmonary veins.
2) In the caseous foci, blood vessels are almost obliterated and occasionally newly formed blood vessels are seen around the main artery and vein as well as around their residual branches.
3) On the capsules of the caseous foci are found comparatively less vessel distribution as compared with those on the cavity walls, while stenosis and dilatation can be recognized around the branches of arterioles and venules.
4) In the periphery of caseous foci, bronchial arteries have become dilated and among the bronchial arteries and bronchial wall vessels are found newly formed arterioles and venules.
5) Around the caseous foci are found occasional anastomoses precapillary and capillary between the newly formed pulmonary and bronchial arterioles, but numbers of these anastomoses are less than the numbers of cavity-walls.
6) Blood in the bronchial artery is seen flowing even into the pulmonary artery by way of the anastomoses around the caseous foci, previously mentioned. Consequently the caseous foci are supplied with arterial blood by the bronchial arteries as well as by newly formed pulmonary arterioles.
7) In the caseous foci that have started cavitation, newly formed bronchial arterioles can be recognized on the cavity walls at the orifice of drainage bronchus.
8) Pulmonary arteries and veins distributed in the cavity are blocked before reaching the cavity; but when they remain in the cavity in the form of beam, residual vessel lumen are seen in the central part of the beam and newly formed blood vessels of networks are seen surrounding the beam.
9) When the main pulmonary artery and vein are running on the side-wall of the cavity, these vessels are compressed, narrowed, and dislocated; and aneurysm and varix-like dilatation can occasionally be recognized.
10) Capillaries distributed on the cavity wall are classified into three categories according to their origin, namely, (1) those capillary vessel-networks that are newly formed from the small branches of pulmonary artery or vein; (2) those capillary vessel networks that communicate at the main trunk of pulmonary artery or vein; (3) those capillary vessel networks that are located at the orifice of the drainage bronchus and communicate at bronchial artery.
11) Vessels on the cavity wall mentioned above make small circles immediately under the necrotic layer, and reverse to venulous vessels. All these capillaries are closely connected with each other in a network formation.
12) The bronchial arteries distributed on the cavity walls are dilated and turned and twisted. thus the bloodflow is thought to have increased; and on the side of the hilus pulmonis of the cavity, numerous precapillary or capillary anastomoses are seeu between pulmonary and bronchial artery around the drainage bronchus.
13) The degree of changes in bronchial vein is less than that observed in the brohial artery, but the vessels on the bronchial wall are proliferated.
14) New vessels are formed from pulmonary arterioles and venules in the sickened portion of caseous foci and cavities; and the intercostal, the csophageal, and the pericardiac arteries penetrate into these pleuritic regions and anastomosed with each other.

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The author has prepared Spalteholz's specimens and studied the vascularization of the normal rabbit lungs by the same method described in Part One and has drawn the following conclusions:
1) Pulmonary arteries continuously branch out from the hilus until finally they become terminal arteries in the alveolar ducts and there they enter into several adjacent alveolar capillary networks; but excepting the capillaries, they are completely independent and do not anastomose directly even with adjacent pulmonary arteries.
2) Pulmonary alveolar veins originate from alveolar capillaries in the alveolar ducts, and on their way they receive venous blood from the intrapulmonal bronchial veins.
3) Of the 15 rabbits, in 10 cases (66.6%), bronchial arteries originate only from the right superior intercostal arteries; and in other cases, besides these, they also originate from other arteries such as from left superior intercostal artery in 3 cases (20%) and in one case (6.7%) from the internal mammary artery, while the remaining one, from the aortic arc.
4) Bronchial arteries, after branching out into the esophagus, lymph nodes, etc., reach the hilus, and spread out into the mediastinal pleura and ligamenta; and with furter branching they finally reach bronchial capillaries.
5) Bronchial arteries, after forming networks of vessels in the bronchial capsules, penetrate through the bronhial wall, and finally reach submucous capillary networks.
6) Bronchial veins are consisted of so-called extra and intra pulmonary veins: the former originating from the proximal part of the third bronchial vessel networks under the mucous membrane and running more or less parallel to the bronchial arteries, they return to the right superior vena cava; while the latter, originating from the distal part of the same region and passing through the venous capillary anastomoses, reach pulmonary veins.
7) No anastomosis between bronchial arteries and veins on the one hand and the pulmonary arteries and veins on the other hand can be recognized other than those at the capillaries.

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With administration of 20 mg./k. of SM (streptomycin) per day to 8 cavities induced experimentally in the lungs of adult rabbits, and 10 mg./k. of INAH (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) to 5 cavities similarly induced, continuously for 30 days, the author has obtained Spalteholz's preparates after injection of pigment into the lungs and patho-histological specimens as well and after studying these specimens, he has arrived at the following conclusions:
1) The vascularization of the cavity walls receiving either SM treatment or INAH therapy, has been similar to that of the control group as previously mentioned in Part One.
2) In the SM treatment, the new formation of blood vessels and hyperemia in granulation tissues of the cavity-wall show no especial difference as compared with those of the control group.
3) In the INAH treatment, marked hyperemia of capillaries and new formation of blood vessels, and in places, hemorrhage in granulation tissues of the cavity-wall have been observed.

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The α-type streptococci and cow sera with phosphatid obtained from the cerebral grey matter of cows were given as antigen in the auricular vein of adult rabbits. The effective injections were repeatedly performed for 10 months after the last sensitisation and then the animals were let alone for 4-6 months without any management.
Thus the chronic local cerebral anaphylactic rabbits were made. And the glycolysis and tissue respiration in the specimens of the cortex were investivestigated with Warburg's apparatus.
Both of glycolysis and tissue respiration in the group of anaphylactic rabbits generally showed lower values than those in the group of normal rabbits, especially that in the group of cow sara with phosphatid was more marked.
The Meyerhof's index showed no difference from the normal.

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The glycolysis and tissue respiration in the specimen of the brain of chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits showed rather lower value than those in normal group. But the glutamic acid, when added to the specimen accelerated the glycolysis and tissue respiration so, that they showed no significant difference from those in normal group. From these facts, it is considered that in the brain of chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits gltamic substances are decresed or short.
But supply of glutamic acid could not make better the mean value than normal. Even if the defect of glutamic acid is supplemented, however, the glycolysis and the tissue respiration of the anaphylactic rabbits never excee the normal limit.

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The glycolysis of the living brain of deacapitated chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits was investigated by irrigation method.
Glucose was added to the irrigating fluid and the consumption of glucose was measured. In the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits the glucose-consumption was markedly strained in comparison with that in normal group. The pyruvic acid increased in both anaphylactic and normal groups, but the anaphylactic group showed a less increase than the normal.
The addition of sodium pyruvate to the irrigating fluid caused less decrease of pyruvic acid in chronic cerebral anaphylactic rabbits than that in normal group
From the facts above mentioned it is considred, that glycolysis is strained in the brain of chronic erebral local anaphylactic rabbits.

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By examining sideroblasts in normal subjects and in patients with various hematologic disorders and determining the rates of appearance, a sideroblastogram consisted of classifications of types I, II and III, according to numbers of iron granules was made. Again, sideroblast ratios (S. r.) were computed and studies were carried out by comparing the proportion of sideroblasts with serum iron. The results are as follows:
1) The proportion of sideroblasts has been found extensively in the normal persons, but in the sideroblastogram it is all intermediary in type, whose sideroblast ratio never exceeds 1 nor yields zero.
2) The proportion of sideroblasts in the cases of erythropoietic disturbances in the bone marrow such as hypoplastic anemia, leukemia, disorders due to irradiation has been found generally high, and in almost all these cases the proportion of sideroblasts reveals a shift to the right in the sideroblastogram at the same time S. r. has been above 1.
3) In various iron deficiency anemias in a broader sense, the proportion of sideroblasts is decreased and a shift to the left is demonstrated in the sideroblastogram; and S. r. is zero or is approaching to zero.
4) On the other hand, in Graves' disease and kala-azar the proportion of sideroblasts is normal, but in hemolytic anemia, liver cirrhosis and chronic nephritis it is high. Again, in agranulocytosis and myxedema the proportion of sideroblasts is low.
5) Sideroblasts seem to have some relationship with serum iron, but the two do not necessarily change parallel with each other.
6) These procedures of the determining of sideroblasts are equally useful or even superior to similar methods on serum iron in the differentiation of various anemic patients.
7) From these results, it is believed that stainable iron in these sideroblasts exists between serum iron and hematopoiesis in the process of utilization, and that it naturally has a close association with both serum iron and hematopoiesis.
Note: Sideroblasts are the erythroblasts containing stainable, nonhemoglobin iron granules.

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Various experimental anemias have been induced in adult rabbits mainly centering around the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow; and with continuous observations on the changes of sideroblasts, a series of comparative studies between the sideroblasts and serum iron has been carried out; and obtained the follwing results:
1) The proportion of sideroblasts in normal rabbits is lower and the extent of the sideroblast appearance less extensive than that in the normal persons.
2) The proportion of sideroblasts increases in such anemias where there is a decline in the erythropoietic function as in benzol, collargol, x-irradiation anemia, whereas it returns to normal level at the time when the benzol anemia is recovering.
3) The proportion of sideroblasts either decreases or becomes nil in acute and chronic hemorrhagic anemias where there exist an increase in the erythropoietic function and iron deficiency.
4) In the case which is in the process of hemolysis such as in the phenylhydrazine anemia, the proportion varies according to the period; and it shows no marked change at the extreme periods while it increases at the time of recovery. Furthermore, no significant change can be observed in the saponin anemia.
5) Parallel relationship between sideroblasts and serum iron is not always clearly noticeable, but the two seem to be always in the state labile to utilization. Again, this stainable iron in erythroblasts is understood to be directed solely for utilization and is by far the most labile to iron utilization.
6) From these observations, it may be said that the changes of sideroblasts or of this stainable iron, are dependent upon the conditions of equilibrium existing between the iron supply by serum iron and the utilization of iron controlled by hematopoietic functions.

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By creating various changes mainly in erythroblasts of adult rabbits and by administering iron to these animals, changes in the proportion of sideroblasts have been studied comparatively; and the iron intake by erythroblasts has been examined. The following are the results of the study:
1) There seems to be a limitation in the iron intake by erythroblasts, namely, the iron intake is not solely dependent on the quantity of iron supplied by serum, but also it is influenced greatly by the quantity of nonhemoglobin iron controlled by the amounts of hemoglobin in the erythroblasts matured to a certain stage.
2) It is believed that the mechanism of iron intake is of a relatively simple nature something like diffusion, i.e., the degrees of concentration of the amounts of iron supplied by serum on one side and nonhemoglobin iron in erythroblasts on the other side, of the cellwall.
3) In erythroblasts, three steps of the metabolic process, namely, intake, retention and utilization of iron, essentially take place almost simultaneously, mainly in the later maturation phase.

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With a view to further clarify the essential mechanism of hematopoietic action of polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow, the author studied the action of these substances on the heart; and arrived at the following conclusions:
1) The polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow exert a slightly stimulating influence on the heart of frog both iu vivo and excised.
2) These substences act as stimulant on the heart whose functions have become abnormal due to fatigue.
3) These substances do not in general act as stimulant on the heart whose functions are disturbed due to chloral hydrate, but they act as stimulant only when the heart is not yet completely paralyzed.
4) The stimulating actions of these substances are in no way affected by adrenalin or ergotamine.
5) The stimulating action of these substances seems to act cooperatively or as invigorating each other together with that of atropine; and these substances act markedly antagonistically against the inhibitory action of acetylcholine on the heart functions.
6) These substances act antagonistically on the heart whose functions have been slightly disturbed by quinine.
From these results with regards the mechanism of the stimulating action, these substances seem tc act on the parasympathetic nerve system and partly to act excitatively on the autonomic center of the heart as well as on the cardiac muscles.

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In order to elucidate still further the essential mechanism of the hematopoietic actions of polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow, by Krawkow-Pissemiski's method the author studies the actions of these substances on the blood vessels of the ear lobes cut off from adult rabbits, and obtained the following results:
1) The polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow act slightly dilatatively on the peripheral blood vessels of adult rabbits.
2) These substances seem to act antagonistically against the contracting actions of adrenalin and acetylcholine.
3) These substances seem to act cooperatively or as invigoratingly in conjunction with dilatative actions of atropine.
4) Ergotamine exerts almost no influence on the action of these substances.
5) These substances act strikingly antagonistically on the contraction by a blood vessel poison, barium chloride.
From theses results it is construed that the mechanism of dilatation of blood vessels by these substances is the action to the vascular muscles, and that it possesses a parasympathetic nerve action on the vasomator and in addition, sympathetic nerve action though slight.

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The author studied the action of the polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow on the blood pressures as well as the side-effects when administered intravenously in human body; and obtained the following results:
1) These polysaccharides exert no influence on the arterial blood pressure of normal dogs, nor do they show tachyphylaxis.
2) These substances exert no influence whatsoever on the venous blood pressure in normal dogs.
3) These substances likewise in no way affect the blood pressures in human beings.
4) As regards the side-effects when administered intravenously in human body, in the majority of cases there appear a transitory flushing of the face, clizzness, and tachycardia, and occasionally a slight sweating, thirst. sleepiness, rash and fever, but they are in no way to be of a serious nature, as these side effects will gradually disappear with repeated uses of them.
5) It seems that the general conditions of an individual have nothing to do with the occurrence and severity of these side effects but have a great deal to do with individual susceptibility.

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1. I took 6, 556 (3, 196 males and 3, 360 females) of the people living in the Bizen (Okayama prefecture Wake county) as examples of the Sanyo inhabitants from among all the Japanese of Chugoku to examine the frequency of the occurrence of the four basic fingerprints. And of the four prints in the case of males, a type is 2.1% ± 0.08%; r type 3.1% ± 0.09%; u type 48.1% ± 0.28; and w type 46.7% ± 0.28%. And in the case of females, a is 3.0% ± 0.09%; r 2.4% ± 0.08%; u 52.0% ± 0.27%; and w 42.6% ± 0.27%.
2. When the above-mentioned frequency of the occurrence of each of the four fingerprints is compared with that of the repsesentative one of the Japanese race, it is found that there is a certain degree of difference between the Japanese inhabitants of Sanyo (Bizen) and those living in the southern part of Kyushu in the frequency of the occurrence of the type of u and w in both cases of male and female.
From this fact we can guess that the former have bearing a resemblance to the Japanese of the northern Kyushu, the Koreans, the Chinese and the Manchurians, while the latter, to the Ryukyu people and the Indonesians (of Java).

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Histolgical changes in rabbits with acute and chronic parathion intoxication have been examined, and the results are as follows:
1) In the rabbit with chronic parathion poisoning induced by repeated parathion injections, histological changes were the most remarkable in the central nervous system, and in lethal cases were of circulatory disturbances such edema, hyperemia and bleeding.
2) On the contrary, in the moderate cases with acute poisonig, the changes were not so remarkable, and a month later almost no change was observed.
3) Such changes above menthioned might be caused by circulatory disturbances due to the anticholinergic action of parathion, and again the direct action of parathion for such changes should perhaps not be neglected.

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Using the rabbits whose liver had been been injured with injection of 20% CCl₄ in oliveoil (1 cc/kg) every two days and administering parathion 24 hours after the third CCl₄ injection, the following results were obtained:
1) In rabbitts with injured liver serum cholinesterase activity reached its maximum 24 hours after the 3rd CCl₄ injection and returned to the original level, showing the improvement in the function of bromsulfalein excretion.
2) In the group with parathion injection 3 mg/kg each, serum cholinesterase activity was inhibited to the highest degree 3-6 hours after the parathion injection as in the healthy rabbits, but the slackening of cholinesterase activity in the injured was less marked than in the healthy, and lasted longer.
3) The LD₅₀ in the rabbits with injured liver was 3.88 (2.645.70) mg/kg, while the LD₅₀ in the healthy rabbits is 10 mg/kg.
4) In the injured rabbits parathion had no influence upon the recovery of the function of bromsulfalein excretion.

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In the rabbits with bleeding anemia, the red cell cholinesterase was inhibited following subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg parathion as in the cases of normal rabbits, while the recovery of red cell cholinesterase was faster and greater than that of the normal, and moreover, it was estimated to be above the normal value. Changes of serum cholinesterase activity was the same as those of red cell cholinesterase.
On the contrary, in the rabbits with anemia induced by repeated injections of bezol, slower recovery of red cell cholinesterase was observed, but the serum cholinesterase activity was similar to that of the control.
In both these anemic cases, almost no difference in LD₅₀ of parathion could be detected.

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In the rabbits, dogs and patients with parathion poisoning, the function of the reticulo-endotherial system was examined by means of carbon black phagocytosis (Sugiyama) and congo-red test (Adler & Reimann). Results are as follows:
1) In the acute parathion poisoning, the function of the reticulo-endotherial sytem presented itself the disturbances such as the decrease of phagocytosis and the increase of congo-red index at the early stage of the poisoning.
2) With daily injection of small doses of parathion, similar disturbances ever noted, and lasted longer.
3) The recovery of the function of the reticulo-endotherial system was similar to that of blood cholinesterase activity.

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