A monolayer culture of a clonal cell strain of rat glioma was exposed to 2, 450 MHz microwave (continuous wave) radiation. The clonal cell strain was the C6 strain established by Benda, et al. (22). The temperature of the medium was measured with a thermistor probe placed under each culture bottle, and it was maintained at 37°C or at 38.5°C during 10-hour irradiation, and similarly at 40°C during 5-hour irradiation. After each irradiation, the culture bottle was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
The cell growth of C6 cells exposed to microwave radiation for 10 hours did not show any changes as long as the temperature of the medium was kept lower than 38.5°C. However, when the temperature was kept at 40°C for 5 hours by microwave irradiation, C6 cells significantly decreased (63%) in numbers on the 2nd day after the treatment (Table 1). Ten days later, these cells resumed their exponential growth and their population doubling time was same as that of nontreated C6 cells (Fig. 9).
On the other hand, the treatment of the cells at 40°C for 5 hours in a conventional incubator resulted in only a 20% decrease in cell numbers and 10-hour treatment at 41.5°C resulted in a 48% decrease in the number of C6 cells (Fig. 9). The difference between the effects on cell numbers of microwave radiation and conventional heat incubation suggest that the temperature distribution within the culture bottle might not be uniform under microwave irradiation. Therefore growth inhibition of the cells after hyperthermic (40°C) microwave irradiation was considered probably due to the thermal effects rather than to the nonthermal effects of electromagnetic irradiation.
After microwave irradiation, May-Giemsa staining of surviving cells did not reveal any morphological abnormalities (Fig. 6). Feulgen reaction of the cells did not reveal any changes in the number of nuclear DNA particles, either (Fig. 7). In addition, chromosome analysis, performed on the 2nd and the 10th day after microwave radiation, did not show any appreciable chromosome damage. One hundred metaphases of C6 cells were examined for each analysis and 84% of them had the stemline number of 40 chromosomes (Table 2). The karyotype of these cells was not different from that of nontreated C6 cells. In the stemline karyotype, five chromosomes were missing: one chromosome of the A2 pair, one chromosome of the A3 pair, one chromosome of the C12 pair, and two chromosomes from group B. There were also constant gains of three markers (Fig. 8).
The present results indicate that 2, 450 MHz continuous wave radiation on the C6 cells did not reveal any nonthermal effects of electromagnetic radiation, in contrast to several other reports: Webb and Dodds (47), Yao, et al. (48), Okai (50), Webb and Booth (59), and Heller (67).

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To correct esthetically a defect of a tooth and to ensure the recovery of its function, tooth transplantation could be usefully employed.
The author studied how the transplanted tooth that had been once deprived of its nutrition could have the blood vessels in the dental pulp as well as in the apical membrane regenerate and function, and further compared its primary adhesion according to the presence or absence of the apical membrane. For this purpose juvenile dogs were used, and changes in the blood vessels were investigated with specimens prepared by the method of chloropercha injection into the blood vessel, and then morphological and three-dimensional observations were carried out, and further radiological, macroscopic as well as histopathologic observations were conducted, and the results are summarised as follows.
1) Newly regenerated blood vessels in the dental pulp of the transplanted teeth on B side (the group not deprived of apical periodontal membrane) began to develop in the dental pulp of the apex from about the third postoperative day, and by the thirtieth day the regenerated vessels had formed up to the crown and thereafter blood circulation became uniform. On A side (the group deprived of its apical periodontal membrane) the recovery of the intramedullar blood vessels was delayed in comparison with that on B side and the blood vessels developed in the dental pulp by the fifth postoperative day and by the sixtieth day the newly regenerated vessels were observed running up to the dental pulp of the crown.
2) Histopathologically, on B side the dental pulp underwent post-transplantation degeneration and necrosis, but by the third postoperative day granulous tissue infiltrated from the apex and by the thirtieth day the dental pulp was almost completely replaced by connective tissue. On A side changes similar to B side were observed but the proliferation of the granulation tissue was delayed by two days. As for the disrupted periodontal membrane on B side recovery by the regeneration of connective tissue from the third postoperative day, while on A side there occurred an osteoid fusion from about the twentieth day.
3) For the primary adhesion of the transplanted tooth the apical periodontal membrane played an important role.
4) Radiologically, up to the seventh postoperative day a pathological gap was observed, while on B side the formation of the dental apex from the tenth day which was completed by the thirtieth day was observed. On A side absorption of the apex of the root was completed by the thirtieth day.
5) Macroscopically, on both A and B sides swelling and reddening of the gingiva was observed. On B side the dentition could be seen by the thirtieth day, and the bone to which the tooth was transplanted became firm by the sixtieth day and thereafter.
6) A certain correlation in the changes of blood vessels, X-ray findings, macroscopical, and pathohistological findings was evident.

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The normal cerebral ventricular surfaces of the hamster at all ages were studied using a scanning electron microscope with special emphasis on the development of cilia in relation to the location of ventricle and developmental stages.
1) Considerable variations of cilia were observed between individual cases even in the same developmental stages and the same ventricle. However, in general, the distribution of ciliated cells was dense on fourth and less on lateral ventricles, and the development of cilia was most advanced in fourth ventricle.
2) In the early postnatal stage, single cilium or multiple cilia of 1μ in length were seen on the surface of ependymal cells, and several rudimentary cilia were observed in places.
3) In the later embryonic stage, cilia of 1μ in length were found on the domed tip of ependymal cells of the fourth ventricle, and numerous bleb-like protrusions were observed on the surface of ventricles.
4) Fully developed cilia of 10μ in length and microvilli were recognized about 3 to 4 weeks after birth. The cilia and microvilli decreased in number as the animal age increased.
5) It is suggested that the differentiation of the surface organelles of ependymal cells may be controlled by physiological function and the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid.

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Magnesium metabolism was studied during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in rabbit. Rabbits were fed for 14 to 17 days by TPN of 110 Cal/kg/day with different doses of magnesium. Results were as follws:
1. Excretion of magnesium during starvation was 1.5 mEq/kg/day. The urinary Mg/N excretion ratio was 3.4 mEq/Ng.
2. An intake of 2.5 mEq/kg/day of magnesium was required to maintain normal plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels, plasma P and Ca should be supplied at the rate of 9 mEq/kg/day (8.2 mEq/100Cal) and 1 mEq/kg/day respectively.
3. The excretion of magnesium, phosphorus and potassium increased during low calorie parenteral nutrition.
4. Although no depletion of nitrogen balance and body weight occurred during TPN without magnesium, impairment of K, P and Ca utilization was suspected.
5. This study of magnesium balance showed that magnesium may be required at early stages of TPN.
6. Magnesium deficiency was diagnosed by a fall in the levels of plasma magnesium, erythrocyte magnesium, and urinary magnesium excretion.
This experiment indicates that TPN which includes quantities of magnesium may be needed for the metabolism of K, P and Ca.

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The experiment was carried out to investigate myocardial metabolism during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and cardiac function following open heart surgery. Myocardial changes were assessed by measuring the levels of cyclic AMP, ATP, lactate and pyruvate in the right atrial myocardium and coronary blood. Myocardial cyclic AMP and ATP decreased significantly during ECC, although they remained with moderate hypothermia. The level of lactate in the myocardium rose in all cases. There was no significant correlation between ECC time and hypothermia. Serum lactate was elevated at the beginning of ECC and increased progressively during ECC, but the coronary A-V difference of lactate (ΔL) remained unchanged. The serum pyruvate level increased moderately during ECC but its A-V difference did not vary. The data suggest that lactate and pyruvate were taken up by the myocardium. There was a significant inverse correlation between cardiac index and ECC time at 2, 4 and 6 hours after operation. Stroke index showed attitude similar to cardiac index. There was a significant positive correlation between total peripheral vascular resistance and ECC time. The cardiac index and total peripheral vascular resistance with hypothermia were significantly better than those with normothermia. Patients with higher myocardial cyclic AMP and ATP at the end of ECC had better cardiac indices at 2 and 6 hours after open heart surgery.

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Diurnal variations in motor activity and regional monoamine levels of the brain in both young adult and aged wistar male rats were compared. The young adult group (Y group) consisted of 16 week old rats. The aged group (A group) comprised 19 month old rats. All the animals were housed in a room with an alternating 12 hour dark-light cycle. The temperature was kept at 24°C and the moisture at 55%. Motor activity was measured in selected rats by Animex. Both groups were then subdivided into six smaller groups. The animals of these groups were sacrificed by decapitation every 4 hours of the 24 hour period (2, 6 and 10 hours in the dark cycle, and 2, 6 and 10 hours in the light cycle; D2, D6, D10, L2, L6 and L10). Immediately after decapitation, brains were collected, dissected into six different regions (amygdala [Amy], corpus striatum [St], cerebral cortex [Cor], hippocampus [Hip], diencephalon [Die] and brain stem [B. S.]), and the levels of dopamin [DA], norepinephrine [NE] and serotonin [5-HT] in each determined fluorometrically. The results were as follows. 1. Diurnal variation of motor activity. Both Y and A groups showed a marked difference between the dark and light cycles. Activity increased during the first 4 hours of the dark cycle, then decreased gradually during the rest of the dark cycle. Motor activity decreased markedly immediately after beginning of the light cycle, and remained decreased throughout the light period. The motor activity of the both groups increased transiently a little before the light cycle. Y group activity increased directly before the dark time. A group activity was significantly less than that of Y group, except for 2 time points during the light cycle. A group motor activity was about 50% lower than that of the Y group. 2. Diurnal variation of DA. Amy from both groups showed a higher levels in the dark time than in the light. St showed two peaks in both groups but the range of variation was wider in A group than in Y group. Cor from both groups showed a higher level in the light time than in the dark. The levels of Hip, Die and B. S. in both groups showed little variation, the range being much smaller in A group. There was no significant difference in the levels of Amy, Cor and Hip in either group, but St, Die and B. S. were significantly lower in A group throughout almost the entire 24 hour period. 3. Diurnal variation of NE levels. Marked variations in Amy, Cor, Hip and Die occurred in both groups. The NE level in the 4 brain regions tended to be lower during the dark time than during the light. The diurnal variation of amine levels in St was smaller in the groups than in the other five regions. B. S. in the Y group showed lower levels during the dark time; however, B. S. from A group showed almost constant levels during the 24 hour period. The NE levels of each groups showed little difference in brain regions other than B. S.. In A group, B. S. showed 1.8 to 9 times higher levels than Y group at all examined time points. 4. Diurnal variation in 5-HT levels. Both groups showed higher amine levels in Amy, Hip and Die during the dark period than in the light. St in Y group showed two peaks at D10 and L6 but the same region in A group showed almost constant amine levels during the diurnal period except for D6. The level in Cor from both groups showed little variation, the range being much smaller in A group than in Y group. The level in B. S. of Y group showed a marked dark-light difference with a high peak at L2 but the same region from A group showed a gradual variation in the amine level with a peak between D10 and L2. Comparison of the 5-HT levels in Y and A groups showed that there was no significant difference in Amy, Hip and Die. The level in St remained high throughout the diurnal period in Y group. The level in Cor showed a higher value during the 24 h period in A group. The amine level in B. S. was higher in the A group at two time points of the dark period than in Y group.

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The presence of catecholamine containing cells (chromaffin cells) in human skin was determined by fixation with chromate-bichromate solution followd by post-staining and other methods. Some of the brown pigment granules in chromated dermis stained with Giemsa and toluidine blue showed similar staining properties to chromaffin cells in rabbit adrenal medulla treated in the same way. They also were seen in large numbers in nevus pigmentosus, especially in blue nevi, but were rarely seen in various lesions of Recklinghausen's disease nor in atopic dermatitis. Judging from other results, this dermal brown pigment is probably not catecholamine but melanin or a degradation product of melanin. Other possibilities of the nature of the granules are discussed with special reference to lipid pigment.

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正二倍体性単個クローンを使用し, 3'-Me-DABによる正常ラット肝細胞癌化の可能性を追求した.
1) 5γ/mlないしは80γ/ml 3'-Me-DAB, 140日間連続処理により,細胞の癌化を認め,以降, 3'-Me-DAB処理後, 3'-Me-DABを含まない正常培地に置き換えられた系でも癌化を認めた.尚対照群では, 3'-Me-DAB処理細胞の殆んどに癌化を確認しだ時点の232日迄に自然癌化は,認めなかった.
2) 癌化過程における3'-Me-DAB処理細胞の特性の変化としては,形態異常染色体上の変化, 3'-Me-DABに対する耐性の獲得などが認められたが,増殖性,血清要求性については対照群との差は認められなかった.

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A 60 year old female died suddenly, probably due to arrythmia. At autopsy, cerebral softening from the hypothalamus to the central thalamic nuclei was seen. This was thought to be secondary to a cerebrovascular accident with consequent poikilothermia. During the clinical course, ECG findings characteristic of hypothermia such as sinus bradycardia, bradic atrial fibrillation, prolongation of QT interval, T wave inversion and appearance of J wave (Osborn wave) were noted in association with cold weather. The case is discussed with a review of the literature.

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Serial elctrocardiograms of a 55 year old female showed a trasiently elevated ST-T wave and decreased R waves in right precordial leads suggesting anterior wall infraction during the course of fulminant hepatitis. Autopsy findings revealed marked cerebral edema, massive necrosis of the liver with lymphocytic infiltration, partial myocardial degeneration and necrosis with infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells. However, no significant lesions were found in the coronary arterial trees. These findings suggest that the electrocardiographic changes were due to catecholamine cardiomyopathy or viral myocarditis.

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The present studies were designed to determine whether significant pressure differences between hemispheres occur in response to cold-induced cerebral edema and if so, their response to induced high intracranial pressure. The experiments were carried out on 35 adult mongrel dogs weighing between 8 to 12 kg under intraperitoneal pentobarbital anesthesia. A coldinduced edema was produced at the left frontal lobe by placing a metallic cylinder filled with liquid nitrogen on the exposed dura mater for 5 minutes. Subdural pressures were recorded continuously for 12 hours from the subdural spaces over the left parietal lobe adjacent to the cold injury and the right parietal lobe remote to the injury, using microballoons or Fiber-optic pressure switch sensors through burr holes. Cisterna magna pressure was also continuously measured with a needle inserted into the cisterna magna by percutaneous puncture. In addition, during progressing cerebral edema, intracranial pressure was investigated after the injection of saline solution into the cisterna magna at 1000 mm hydrostatic pressure at 3, 6 and 12 hours after cold injury. Three hours after cold injury, the subdural pressure of the left injured hemisphere was higher than that of the right non-injured one. About 6-9 hours following injury, pressure differences between injured and non-injured hemispheres showed maximal values ranging from 40 to 160 mm H₂O (3-11.8 mmHg). Intracranial pressure had increased markedly. by 9 hours after cold injury, at which time such pressure differences decreased gradually. In the late stage of edema, however, intracranial pressure was distributed equally throughout the entire brain, so that pressure differences had disappeared. The changes in intracranial pressure after injection of saline revealed a biphasic pattern about 3 hours after injury as compared with the normal. At 12 hours, elevated intracranial pressure after injection did not return to the previous resting level. These phenomina suggest that the initial steep drop represented intracranial volumetric compensation by the intracranial and spinal coverings and venous system in the central nervous system, and that the late gentle slope represented impairment of cerebrospinal fluid absorption. These results indicated at least two possible explanations for the origin of pressure differences: 1) reduction of the pressure compensating capacity of the injured swollen hemisphere blocking the free communication of cerebrospinal fluid and collapsed venous system, 2) delayed transmission of the elevated pressure from the lesion to the noninjured hemisphere because of local change in viscoelasticity. Accordingly, changes in pressure differences as well as the height of intracranial pressure would play a major role in the pathophysiology of an expanding lesion.

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Illudin S primarily and specificially inhibited RNA synthesis at a concentration of 1-10 ng/ml of culture medium in the early period of G₁-S phase transition as well as in S phase in a growing medium. DNA synthesis in S phase and cell proliferation were inhibited as secondary events. The inhibitory effects on RNA synthesis were only manifested in intact cell systems, not in cell-free ones. DNA replication in a nucleotide-permeable cell system was completely insensitive to Illudin S. Protein synthesis in intact cell systems was not inhibited by Illudin S. Illudin S should prove useful in the analysis of the mechanism of G₁-S phase transition in the cell cycle; especially in the elucidation of specific kinds of RNA required for initiation of DNA replication.

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The effects of Illudin S (a toadstool poison) on surface structures of L₉₂₉ mouse fibroblasts were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Illudin S in a concentration of 1 ng/ml strongly inhibited cell proliferation, but had no effect on surface structures of L cells through all the cell phases. These results indicate that the biological effects of Illudin S were not manifested by changes in the cytoskeletal system, the cell ability to attach to the substrate, of the surface structures of the cell. It is suggested that the cellular sensitive sites to Illudin S are inside the cell.

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Ten cases of human cerebellar medulloblastomas were examined by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural differentiation of tumor cells was discussed in relation to the histological patterns. In areas which appeared densely cellular with light microscopy, the tumor was composed of a series of undifferentiated cells having a variety of junctions between tumor cells. In areas showing rosette formation with light microscopy, many elongated cytoplasmic processes and numerous mutually entangled intracytoplasmic microtubules were seen in the center of Homer-Wright pseudorosettes. In the area seen as a whorled pattern by light microscopy, elongated fine cytoplasmic processes showing a lamellar array were prominent. In the spongioblastic parts with PTAH-positive fibrils, intracytoplasmic glial filaments were not observed by electron microscopy even though a few fine fibrillary structures were present. The formation of solitary cilia was observed only in the desmoplastic area by light microscopy. Therefore, the medulloblastoma was composed of extremely undifferentiated cells which only a little neuroblastic differentiation. This was limited to the rosette forming areas.

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マウス腹水肉腫細胞より分離したRNAポリメラーゼI, IIに対する亜鉛のキレート剤, 1, 10-phenanthroline (OP) の作用を検討した.
RNAポリメラーゼI活性を50%阻害するOP濃度は2mMであった. RNAポリメラーゼII活性はOPで阻害されなかった。 RNAポリメラーゼとOPとを予めインキュベートしても,阻害の程度は変化せず, OPを除去すると阻害は回復することから, OPはポリメラーゼ分子内に強く結合している亜鉛に可逆的に結合することが示唆された. OPはRNAポリメラーゼIの転写開始反応を選択的に阻害することが示唆された.核内でクロマチンに結合したRNAポリメラーゼIの活性もOPによって分離酵素と同程度に阻害され, OPの結合部位が,分離ポリメラーゼIと同様にOPと結合できる状態にあることが示唆された.

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新生児の血液を滲み込ませた濾紙中のガラクトースを2%過塩素酸で抽出してgalactoseを測定する方法について検討した.この方法は除蛋白操作が容易で,安定した結果が得られるので血中ガラクトースの定量方法として有用である.本法による新生児血中ガラクトースの平均値は0.14mg/dlであり,生後の日齢による変動は見られなかった.

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Fifteen patients with head and neck malignant lymphomas have been treated with a combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, oncovin (vincristine) and prednisolone (B-COP) in combination with radiotherapy since 1975. The results are discussed and compared with those of eleven patients treated with radiotherapy alone. Complete remission and its duration in stage II E were significantly superior to those treated with radiation alone. Toxicity, chiefly leukopenia, was generally tolerable and reversible. Although the number of cases and the follow-up period are inadequate as yet, this therapeutic regimen is a promising means of increasing the duration of remission and the survival of patients with head and neck malignant lymphomas.

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Forty-seven cases of gastric ulcer including some with ulcerated carcinoma were investigated by an immuno-fluorescent technique using anti-Candida albicans antisera. Fresh tissue containing ulcer base was also stained with PAS reagent. Candida albicans at the ulcer base was positive for fluorescence. The cytoplasm of many histiocytes was also fluorescent. Histiocytes were predominant at the ulcer base and were present even in the muscular and subserosal layers. The cytoplasm of these cells was PAS-positive. These data suggest that Candida albicans at the necrotic ulcer base is not a simple opportunistic growth, but that some of its watersoluble factor may be involved in the poor curability of gastric ulcer.

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Experimental gastric ulcer was induced in Wistar rats by a Clamping-Cortisone method. Candida albicans infection was achieved by oral administration. Animals were sacrificed after the 4th and 13th week. Gastric ulcers were investigated by immuno-fluorescence using anti-Candida albicans antisera. In rats sacrificed after the 4th week, Candida albicans was fluorescent positive at the ulcer base. As in man, many fluorescent histiocytes were seen not only around, but far from the ulcerated lesions. Inflammatory cells were also numerous at the ulcer base. These findings support the hypothesis that, in man Candida albicans infection at the ulcer base is not merely a simple growth, but that it is also involved in the poor curability of gastric ulcer. In animals sacrificed at the 13th week, fibrous change with collagen formation at the ulcer base was less prominent than in those sacrificed at the same period but not infected by Candida albicans. Possibly, this is due to the fact that Candida albicans inhibits fibrous change and collagen formation (mechanisms of healing) in the gastric ulcer.

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A 53 year old male was admitted to the Okayama University Medical School Hospital in June 1975 with a history of chronic cough and sputum. The patient had previously undergone treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis for 18 months at another hospital. Roentgenologic examination showed a lobulated mass and fibrotic density in the left upper lung field. Left upper lobectomy was performed. The histopathologic diagnosis was pulmonary bronchogenic cyst with pulmonary tuberculosis in the same segment. In this report, the roentgenological findings and differential diagnosis of pulmonary bronchogenic cyst are described.

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