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Volume 69, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Kejun FAN, Hiroyuki TANO, Masaaki KITAJIMA, Shigeru TAMATSUKURI, Yasuh ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 957-962
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPCR mediated detection of HIV-DNA has been widely used. However, compared with traditional immunological diagnoses, the extraction of DNA is a laborious and time consuming step. We have developed a procedure for the efficient isolation and concentration of HIV-DNA from cell lysates. We report here a novel method by which one can recover HIV-DNA in a small volume (-50μl) of solution from a large volume of crude cell lysate which contains as few as several copies. The method uses the specific hybridization of HIV-DNA to HIV probe-DNA particles. This prior enrichment augmented the sensitivity in the detection of HIV-DNA by PCR, and allows us to make a diagnosis even if the specimen contained an extremely low copy number of HIV-DNA molecules in a large volume, which would have otherwise resulted in false-negative data with the conventional extraction method. The method also enables the examination of 100 individual blood specimens in a combined form. Thus, the application of the present enrichment procedure with HIV probe-DNA particles should reduce the labor and cost of HIV diagnosis, since the HIV positive samples represent a very minor group of people among specimens subjected to clinical laboratory tests and, particularly, among blood samples voluntarily donated to be used for transfusions.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Iseei TOKIMATSU, Takayoshi TASHIRO, Yuriko YAMAKAMI, Tohru YAMASAKI, H ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 963-968
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetection and semiquantitation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in plasma from 17 immunocompromised patients with CMV pneumonia diagnosed histopathologically, 15 CMVseropositive patients without CMV pneumonia and 24 CMV-seropositive healthy volunteers were evaluated, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
CMV DNA was detected in plasma from all of 17 patients with CMV pneumonia, from 1 of 15 patients without CMV disease, but from none of healthy volunteers. One patient without CMV disease exhibited positive CMV DNA by PCR 2 days before death. Plasma CMV DNA was negative at the time of admission in all patients, however, it became positive 1-28 days (mean, 14 days) before the onset of CMV pneumonia in 16 patients. The amount of viral DNA in plasma were 103-105 copies/ml (mean, 104.0 copies/ml) when first detected by PCR. At the onset of CMV pneumonia, they were 104-106 (mean, 105.3 copies/ml), and increased with disease progression and decreased with disease improvement because of treatment with antiviral agents.
We succeeded in detection of CMV DNA in plasma before the development of CMV pneumonia, and showed the amount of viral DNA reflected the extent of active CMV pneumonia. Thus, PCR amplification of CMV DNA in plasma is a useful tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of immunocompromised patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (2613K) -
Shigeko KATAOKA, Machiko KASHIWA, Kazue SAKU, Nobuko HANDA, Hideki AKI ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 969-974
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (743K) -
Hiroshi MUKAE, Jun-ichi ASHITANI, Masamitsu NAKAZATO, Haruko TANIGUCHI ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 975-981
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe estimated defensins, antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides localized in azurophil granules of neutrophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). BALF from DPB patients contained a higher concentration of defensins than those from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy volunteers. A significant correlation was observed between the concentration of defensins and the number of neutrophils, the concentration of interleukin-8 or neutrophil elastase in BALF of DPB patients. An immunohistochemical study of open-lung biopsy specimens from DPB patients showed a strong immunoreactivity for defensins in neutrophils and mucinous exudates in the airways and in the surface of bronchiolar epithelial cells. After treatment with macrolide antibiotics, significant reductions in the concentrations of defensins, IL-8 and neutrophil numbers in BALF of DPB patients were observed. These findings suggest that the lung injury in DPB could be caused by defensins released by neutrophils accumulated in the airways.View full abstractDownload PDF (3353K) -
Isao FUJIMORI, Rei GOTO, Ken-ichi HISAMATSU, Izuru NOZAWA, Jun OGINO, ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 982-986
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of normal pharyngeal flora in the defense mechanism against infections in the upper respiratory tract was studied in 50 children with otitis media with effusion (O. M. E.).
In the bacteriological study of the nasopharynx, the incidence of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, M. catarrhalis and group A Streptococcus was about 46%, 24%, 20%, 12% and 8%, respectively. The incidence of these species in the cases with O. M. E. was higher than that in the cases with chronic tonsillitis or control cases.
In 41 O. M. E. cases with a-streptococci (82%), the incidence of α-streptococci with inhibitory activity against 5 pathogens (H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, M. catarrhalis, group A Streptococcus) was examined. The detection rate of a-streptococcal strains with inhibitory activity against 5 pathogens derived from the nasopharynx in the cases with O. M. E. was significantly lower than that of the strain in the chronic tonsillitis cases and the control cases.
Moreover, the detection rate of inhibitory α-streptococci from the nasopharynx was lower than that of from the tonsil. These findings suggest that the decline of inhibitory activity against pathogens by normal flora in nasopharynx is one of the factors causing O. M. E.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
Masafumi FUKUYAMA, Kumiko KAWAKAMI, Orie SUDA, Yatsuka IMAGAWA1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 987-990
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro antibacterial activity of balofloxacin (BLFX), a newly developed fluoroquinoline, was compared with that of norfloxacin (NFLX), ofloxacin (OFLX) and ciplofloxacin (CPFX). Bacterial strains used in this experiment were freshly isolated from patients with infectious enteritis just before BLFX therapy. The isolates were 43 strains of Shigella spp., 13 strains of Salmonella spp., 9 strains of Escherichia coli, 4 strains of Vibrio cholerae 01, 1 strain of Campylobacter sp., 4 strains of Aeromonas spp., 3 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides, 1 strain of Vibrio mimicus and 1 strain of Vibrio cholerae non-01.
MIC90 of BLFX against 43 strains of Shigella spp., 13 strains of Salmonella spp. and 9 strains of E. coli were 0.39, 0.39, 0.2μg/ml, respectively. All strains of Aeromonas spp. and P. shigelloides were inhibited by the concentrations under 0.39 and 0.05μg/ml. MIC90 of BLFX, NFLX, OFLX and CPFX against a total of 79 strains were 0.39, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.05μg/ml, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Mitsuo OBANA, Shoichiro IRIMAJIRI, Isao TOMIZAWA, Yoshihiko TAKIZAWA, ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 991-1006
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficacy, safety and usefulness of balofloxacin (BLFX) for patients with acute infectious enteritis and the carriers mainly shigellosis, were investigated. The drug was administered at a daily dose of 200 mg twice a day for 3 days to patients with cholera, 7 days to patients with Salmonella enteritis and 5 days to patients with other conditions of infectious enteritis including shigellosis;
1. The efficacy was analyzed in 89 of the 135 patients who received the administration (43 patients with shigellosis, 14 with Salmonella enteritis, 8 with enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enteritis, 3 with cholera, 7 with enteritis with other pathogenic bacteria, 6 with polymicrobial infectious enteritis and 8 with acute enteritis that was pathogen-negative).
2. In patients bearing symptoms and who thus could be analyzed for drug efficacy, the drug was markedly effective or effective 50/52 (96.2%).
3. Bacteriologically, the drug was effective for Shigella spp. in 41 (100%) of 41, Salmonella spp. in 12 (85.7%) of 14, and enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 8 of 8 cases.
4. Adverse effects were seen in 5/133 patients (3.8%) receiving the drug, including two cases of skin eruption, one of numbness of the hands, one of oral aphtha, and one of nausea. In patients for whom laboratory findings were available, 20/115 (17.4%) showed abnormalities, mainly elevations of GOT and/or GPT, but these were slight.
5. In terms of subjective reports of usefulness, 51/82 (62.2%) were markedly satisfied, and 73/82 (89.0%) were either satisfied or markedly satisfied.
6. The influence of administration of BLFX on fecal concentration and intestinal microbial flora was investigated in 2 patients with acute infectious enteritis. Results approximately equivalent to such flora levels in healthy subjects were obtained.
These results suggest that BLFX is highly useful for infectious enteritis such as that caused by shigellosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1891K) -
Shigeru HAKODA, Kazuyoshi HIGASHIMOTO, Shunichirou KIUCHI, Yasuhide KI ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1007-1011
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA thirty-six year old male was admitted to the hospital because of fever and dyspnea. On the eighth day the patient turned out to be HIV positive. Although aggressive therapy was performed, the patient died of HIV related disease such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and CMV infection which led to multiple organ failure seventeen days after admission. We reported a case of AIDS patient who was hard to diagnose from an initial symptom of interstitial pneumonitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (8783K) -
Teruo OKABE, Naoki KUMAGAI, Hiroshi SERIZAWA, Hiroshi NISHIMURA, Yukio ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1012-1016
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes is reported. A 76-year-old female was admitted with complaints of fever and chills. She had been suffering from cellulitis on her right dorsum pedis for 7 months. Laboratory data on admission showed elevated values of WBC, CRP, and dysfunction of the liver and kidney. She was diagnosed as sepsis due to the cellulitis, and was treated with PIPC and FMOX. However, several hours after admission, her blood pressure decreased and oliguria appeared. Bacteriological examinations from the blood and the cellulitis revealed group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus which gave streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (T-28, SPE-B+C). She died 23 hours after her admission in spite of changing antibiotics to a high-dose of PC-G therapy. This is one of the rare cases of toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes from the cellulitis of the dorsum pedis.View full abstractDownload PDF (5327K) -
Takatsugu HIGASHI, Yasushi MAKINO, Kikushi KATSURADA1995 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1017-1020
Published: September 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 63-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and delirium. He had been diagnosed as diabetes mellitus five years before but not treated at all. An abdominal CT scan showed gas-containing abscess in the right lobe of the liver. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacteroides distasonis were cultured both from the punctured specimen of the abscess and from arterial blood. Catheter drainage was carried out percutaneously under guidance with ultrasonography and antibiotics was administered intravenously. He was diagnosed as purulent meningitis by lumbar puncture on admission and as endophthalmitis because of swelling of the left eyeball on hospital day 4. CT scan also showed multiple metastatic lesions in the cerebrum and in the lung. After three months, he was discharged from the hospital in good condition, except for loss of vision of the left eye.View full abstractDownload PDF (5482K)
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