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Volume 78, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yuji HORIGUCHI, Giichi HASHIKITA, Yoko OKA, Shun TAKAHASHI, Tsutomu YA ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOver a 6-year period (1997 to 2002), 56 strains of Proteus mirabilis (12% of the total number of P. mirabilis isolates obtained) resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin and cefoperazone by routine antimicrobial testing method, were isolated in Saitama Medical School Hospital. Of the 56 strains resistant to 4 β-lactams, 12 strains were studied and were found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, identified as CTX-M-10 group and Toho-1 group in 8 and 2 strains, respectively. Susuceptibility testing showed that 12 strains were resistant to cefotaxime, cepodoxime, and ceftriaxon but susceptible to ceftazidime. Moreover, all of the β-lactamases were inhibited by clavulanic acid. Of the 12 strains, one strain showed resistance to cephamycins such as cefoxitin, cefmetazole and cefotetan.Four of the twelve patients had infections caused by ESBL producing P. mirabilis, and eight patients were colonized, as confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings. The infections were urinary tract infections (two episodes), pneumonia (one episode), and sepsis (one episode). These patients had a favorable response to antibiotic therapy including cephalosporin. From these findings, CTX-M-type β-lactamase producing P. mirabilis strains were confirmed from clinical specimens in our hospital.View full abstractDownload PDF (1572K) -
Rumi OKUNO, Miyoko ENDOH, Yukako SHIMOJIMA, Yoshitoki YANAGAWA, Satosh ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 10-17
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate clinical and microbiological features of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), clinical, epidemiological, and bacteriological data obtained from 250 patients between 1992 and 2001 were analyzed. Among these 250 cases, 16 cases were excluded from the study because the causative microorgansim were not Streptococcus pyogenes. 234 strains of S. pyogenes obtained from the aforementioned 234 cases were tested for T-type by a serological method, and for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) by in vitro productivity of the toxin as well as molecular genetic methods.
The number of patients was 141 (56.4%) for males, and 107 (42.8%) for females. The highest frequency of STSS was observed in those patients in their sixties in both sexes. The overall mortality rate was 43.2%. The mortality rate for male was 36.9%, and 52.3% for female.
Bacteriological studies revealed that most common T types were T1 and T3. These strains consisted 54.3% of the strains collected. Among strains of T1 type, 98.8% possessed genes of spe A, and 46.1% were shown to produce SPE A in vitro. Among strains of T3 type, 82.9% possessed spe A gene, and all of these strains were shown to produce the toxin in vitro.
It is concluded that certain strains of S. pyogenes, such as those with T1, or T3 type, and those with spe A gene or in vitro production of SPE A, are the most frequent cause of STSS. Although infections caused by such bacteria are quite common, STSS rarely occurs in most such patients. Additional factors, such as host factors, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of STSS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1284K) -
Akiyoshi NARIAI, Shumpei YOKOTA2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 18-21
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the influence of colonization with pneumococci on the results of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen detection assay by testing 23 healthy children aged 1-3 years in one nursery. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens for culture and urine samples for antigen detection test were obtained.7 of 12 children who were nasopharyngeal carriers of pneumococci had a positive result of the urine antigen test. 3 of 11 children without pneumococci in the nasopharynx also had a positive result the urine antigen test, who were diagnosed as having acute pneumonia within one month before this study. Thus we found that 58.3% of the children with pneumococcal carriage and 27.3% of noncarriers had false-positive test results. This test is not likely to be useful for diagnosing the etiology of childhood acute pneumococcal pneumonia.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Evaluation of an Antimicrobial CeramicTakeshi SASAHARA, Ritsuko KIKUNO, Hidehisa SOGA, Tomoko SEKIGUCHI, Yos ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 22-31
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the efficacy of an antimicrobial ceramic for killing Legionella strains in vitro, bacteria were exposed to the ceramic soaked in PBS at 25°C or 42°C. The number of L. pneumophila began to decrease significantly after 4h of exposure at 25°C and reached <10 log cfu/ml after 12h. A similar significant decrease was also observed after exposure at 42°C. Furthermore, it was found that the antimicrobial ceramic showed bactericidal activity against six strains of Legionella isolated from various water sources, including L. pneumophila (serotype 1-4), L. micdadei, and L. dumoffii, after 24h of exposure. The antimicrobial activity against L. pneumophila of the supernatant obtained by soaking the ceramic in PBS for 24h was also assessed. Bactericidal activity of this supernatant was also noted.Analysis of the supernatant by ICP-MS resulted in the detection of eight metals (Mg, Al, Ca, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ag, and Ba) at a maximum concentration of 25mg/l. When reconstituted PBS was made with all eight metals at the same concentrations as in the supernatant, the reconstituted PBS containing Ag alone and all metals showed significantly bactericidal activity against L. pneumophila, but PBS with only one metal component except Ag or a combination of Ag with Zn and/or Ca did not. These findings suggest that the antimicrobial ceramic possesses strong bactericidal activity against Legionella species and that eight metals released from the ceramic have a synergistic bactericidal effect against Legionella.
When the antimicrobial ceramic was placed in hot spring water or cooling tower water instead of PBS, the number of L. pneumophila in the water decreased to<10 log cfu/ml after 24h of exposure and the bactericidal activity persisted for 5 weeks. These results indicate that the antimicrobial ceramic can be used to eradicate Legionella species contaminating various water sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (1824K) -
Toshio FUKAO, Megumi SATO, Yasunori TANAKA, Chie MONMA, Naoki KATO2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 32-39
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe herein report an outbreak of non-food-borne diarrhea which occurred in a nursing home due to enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens. The regional public health center in Gifu, Japan, recognized 7 patients with diarrhea in a nursing home, suspecting a food-borne illness. Bacteriological and epidemiological studies indicated that enterotoxigenic C. perfringens was the causative agent. However, suspected foods, the kitchen and the cooks carried no enteropathogenic bacteria, indicating that this outbreak was a non-food-borne diarrhea. The swab specimens obtained from the residential area of the nursing home were found to have enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Isolates from the stool specimens of patients and environment were all serotype TW47, showing susceptibilities to ampicillin, levofloxacin, and clindamycin very similar to each other, and had banding patterns identical to each other by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These resultstrongly supported the existence of monoclonal spread of an enterotoxigenic C. perfringens among the environment of the nursing home and the residents. During 3 weeks 14 residents were involved in this outbreak. The extensive effort of keeping the residential area clean led to a prompt cease of this outbreak.View full abstractDownload PDF (2658K) -
Hiroshi SAKATA2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 40-45
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween April 2001 and March 2003, we studied minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 7 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 8 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from children with meningitis. The age range of the patients was from 4 months to 5 years. Susceptibilities of ampicillin (ABPC), cefotaxime (CTX), panipenem (PAPM), and vancomycin (VCM) in S. pneumoniae and those of ABPC, CTX, ceftriaxone (CTRX), and meropenem (MEPM) in H. influenzae were measured. MICs of ABPC, CTX, PAPM, and VCM to S. pneumoniae were ≤0.06-2, ≤0.06-0.5, ≤0.06, and 0.25-0.5μg/ml and MICs of ABPC, CTX, CTRX, and MEPM to H. influenzae were 0.12-64, ≤0.06-0.5, ≤0.06-0.12, and≤0.06-0.25μg/ml, respectively. In 5 of all strains, difference between MIC and MBC to ABPC was observed. Four strains out of them had mutations of penicillin binding protein genes measured by PCR methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Tatsuya NAKAMURA, Hakuo TAKAHASHI2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrug sensitivity and teicoplanin (TEIC) resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp (CNS) isolated from blood culture in 10 years between 1992 and 2001 were investigated, and epide-miological analysis was performed using the survey of clinical backgrounds. Regarding the resistance rates of CNS to various drugs, no isolate was resistant to vancomycin (VCM), arbekacin (ABK), and linezolid (LZD), but the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TEIC was 16μg/ml or higher in 10.3% of isolates. The isolates include 56 S. epidermidis strains, 1 S. capitis strain and 4 S. haemolyticus strains. As for other drugs, the minocycline (MINO) resistance rate was relatively low (6.1%), and methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) accounted for 67.1%. The resistance rate was high for many drugs between 1995 and 1997. MIC50/90 of drugs considered to be anti-Staphylococcus were 1/2μg/ml (VCM), 1/16μg/ml (TEIC), 0.25/1μg/ml (ABK) and 1/2μg/ml (LZD), showing that both MIC 50 and MIC90 of ABK were the lowest. Regarding cross-resistance to TEIC, the resistant group (MIC: 16μg/ml or higher) exhibited cross-resistance to all drugs excluding MINO. Particularly, 90.2% of the TEIC resistant group was MRCNS. TEIC-resistant strain was most frequently (30.8%) detected in the pediatric ward. In comparison of clinical backgrounds of the TEIC-resistant and TEIC-sensitive groups, there were no significant differences in age, use of IVH, or prognosis, but a significant difference in detection of TEIC-resistant strains was noted in patients treated with the 4 th cepharosporins and carbapenems (p<0.01). This survey clarified the presence of TEIC-resistant CNS strains. We will continue the survey to monitor resistance conversion. Investigation of the involvement of TEIC-resistant CNS strains in hospital infection and therapeutic course is also necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1189K) -
Haruhiko TAGUCHI, Takamasa KANEKO, Masanobu ONOZAKI, Ryoichi KUBO, Shi ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 54-58
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an increasing number of serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections, and accurate methods to detect such strains are needed.
We tested the susceptibility of 3 kinds of MRSA isolation medium, MRSA Screen Agar, Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar and CHROMagar MRSA. Both sensitivity and specificity of CHROMagar MRSA were 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of both MRSA Screen Agar and Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar were 100% and 91.5%, respectively.
It is suggested that CHROMagar MRSA is a useful medium to detect MRSA including mecA positive and oxacillin susceptible strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (2224K) -
Masahiro TAKAKI, Hideaki AMANO, Norichika ASOH, Momoyo UGAI, Kounosuke ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 59-63
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKaposi's varicelliform eruption is a common disease for dermatologists. In general, it is caused by Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection to skin which is affected by atopic dermatitis. There are some case reports which document a relationship between rhabdomyolysis and virus infection, in those cases, the major pathogenic virus of rhabdomyolysis is a influenza virus. It is exceedingly rare that rhabdomyolysis is caused by Herpes simplex virus. We introduce a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with Kaposi's varicelliform eruption induced by HSV-1. It was localized in the iliopsoas muscles. Since severe rhabdomyolysis may induce fatal acute renal failure, it is important to recognize that rhabdomyolysis can complicate Herpes simplex virus infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (4129K) -
Yoshihiro YAKUSHIJIN, Yoko MINAMOTO, Kiyonori TAKADA, Masaki OTSUKA, M ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 64-69
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4116K) -
Shukuko SAITO, Toshio NAITO, Junko KUKINO, Tetsu OKUMURA, Sakae SEKIYA ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 70-75
Published: January 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a 32-year-old female with eating disorder whose body weight was only 20kg. She was admitted to the hospital with severe low nutrition, low proteinemia, liver dysfunction, hypokalemia and hypoglycemia. On the third hospital day, she had a high fever and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (C. fetus) was isolated from the blood. After treatment with meropenem (1g/day) intravenous drip injection, her condition improved.
C. fetus sepsis is not common disease in Japan. A review of 37 cases of this disease in Japan revealed that the age range of adult patients was 20 to 60 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 4.6 to 1.0. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had underlying diseases which were composed of 11 patients with liver disease, 6 patients with blood dyscrasia and some with diabetes mellitus, heart disease, other malignant tumor and collagen disease. There was no case with eating disorder. All apparent sources of infection in Japan originate from eating raw food. Gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in only 16% of the patients. Recent recommendations for the treatment of C. fetus sepsis are to use gentamicin, imipenem and meropenem. Some strains of C. fetus have resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin. The mortality of this infection is 14% in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (3219K)
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