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Volume 76, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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11. From Phylogenetic Tree to Phylogenetic MapShin-ichi YOSHIDA2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 337-340
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (448K) -
Miyuki HASEGAWA, Ayako AMANO, Hiroe MURAOKA, Intetsu KOBAYASHI, Mami K ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 341-346
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted a study for the growth of and selectivity for the desired microorganisms using a newly developed selective culture medium for Helicobacter pylori, Columbia horse blood agar HP (CHBHP), at three different Japanese clinical laboratories, Hokkaido, Kanto and Kyusyu. When standard strains and clinical isolates of H. pylori were examined, the recovery of the organism on the CHBHP media was comparable to that of conventional selective and nonselective media. However, colonies were obviously larger on the CHBHP media. These media yielded the highest H. pylori positive rate for clinical specimens at all the three laboratories. The detection rate of the CHBHP media in H. pylori-positive specimens was higher than that of media commonly used at the three laboratories (98.1% to 100% vs. 88.0% to 96.2%). The CHBHP media also achieved a higher detection rate for specimens from H. pylori-infected animals. CHBHP media have an excellent growth supporting ability and selectivity originating from Columbia agar base and do not require the combined use of nonselective media for the growth and isolation of the organism, resulting in lower cost. Thus, they are useful media for the selective culture and isolation of H. pylori from clinical and animal specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (3100K) -
Michiko TAKAYAMA, Naohide TAKAYAMA2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 347-354
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLong PCR amplification of the 7.7 to 33.5Kbp regions of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genomic DNA was performed using template DNAs extracted from clinical specimens such as vesicle fluid and crusts which had been obtained from varicella or herpes zoster patients. PCR products of 7.7-14.4Kbp in length were efficiently amplified from all of the 14 template DNAs of crust specimens. Targets of 18.6-20.0Kbp DNA could be also amplified from 14 crust samples except one. From all of the 7 samples derived from infected cells, the DNA targets up to 27.2 Kbp in length could be amplified. Whereas, the efficiency of amplification of 27.2Kbp DNAs from crust samples was somewhat lower (9/14, 64%) than that of DNAs from infected cells. In 83% (5/6) of target DNAs from infected cells, amplification of DNA as long as 33.5Kbp was possible, while only in 40% (2/5) of these from crust specimens. From crust samples, the efficiency of amplification of DNA longer than 20 Kbp tended to decline. We also confirmed that long target DNA was amplifiable directly from vesicle fluid specimens as effective as from crust specimens. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses combined with R2-nested PCR of the long PCR products allowed classification of the 14 clinical specimens into 9 groups.
Long PCR derived from clinical specimens was demonstrated to be applicable to RFLP analyses and sequencing without laborious test of virus isolation. Furthermore, the long PCR method described here will be useful for studies of the molecular epidemiology of VZV and for investigating variations among VZV isolates.View full abstractDownload PDF (4353K) -
Reports of the “Research Group for Infectious Enteric Diseases, Japan” in the last 5 years (1996-2000)Mitsuo OBANA, Hiroko SAGARA, Tomonobu AOKI, Ryuki KIM, Yoshihiko TAKIZ ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 355-368
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patients or carriers with infectious enteritis admitted to the Hospitals for infectious diseases in the last 5 years (1996-2000) were studied.
The total number of cases admitted in each year were 969, 1, 113, 981, 637 and 573 respectively. A total of 1, 527 Shigella spp. strains including 1, 078 strains from overseas travelers' cases were isolated. The isolates of Salmonellaspp. excluding S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A were 562 in number. A total of 61 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains including 44 strains from overseas travelers was isolated. These V. cholerae O1 strains were all of El Tor type. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli were detected in 225, 46, 3 and 3 cases respectively.
Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were frequently observed in the cases causedby Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The highest body temperature and the highest frequency of bowel movements were revealed in the cases caused by Salmonella spp. Bloody stool was observed in 55.3% of the cases due to Escherichia coli, in 40.5% of the cases due to Campylobacter spp. and in 24.1% of cases due to Shigella spp. As for shigellosis and salmonellosis, the clinical symptoms were more serious in the domestic cases than those in travelers.
OFLX-resistant strains accounted for 1.7% of Shigella spp. isolates. No strains of Salmonella spp. were resistant to OFLX. The incidence of drug-resistant isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were 26.0% for OFLX and 2.5% for EM.View full abstractDownload PDF (2008K) -
Kihei TERADA, Takahiro NIIZUMA, Satoko OGITA, Naoki KATAOKA2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 369-372
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have investigated the practicability and reliability of a new rapid detection kit for rubella antibody by means of an immunochromatographic assay. This kit can measure 100μl of total blood or 50μl of serum or plasma in approximately 10 minutes. When a band appears in this kit, a sample is positive. The subjects of this investigation were 233 medical students or nursing students. Blood was also drawn from their fingertips of 71 of them. The blood was obtained with a lancet for measuring blood sugar. By an ELISA assay using IgG antibody for rubella, 188 samples (80.7%) were found to be positive, 1 sample (0.4%) was±, and 44 samples (18.9%) were negative. The positive IgG antibody titers deviated toward the lower levels since the median was lower than the mean. Therefore, the subjects were appropritae for evaluation of low titer samples. In comparison with the measurement of IgG antibody using the ELISA assay, the sensitivity and specificity levels of this new kit were 99.5% and 100%, respectively. The correlation index between the antibody titers and color concentration of the band was as weak as 0.5 (0.35-0.58 at 95% confident range). Seroconversion ofthe antibody in paired samples is necessary for diagnosis of rubella in this kit. However, if there is an uncertain past history of vaccination and/or rubella, this kit is useful for evaluating the needfor vaccination in 10 minutes. It usually takes approximately one week to receive antibody results through a commercial laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (2053K) -
A Comparative Study of Alcoholic Antiseptics and Soap and Tap WaterMikako SAKASHITA, Atsuo IWASAWA, Yoshiko NAKAMURA2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 373-377
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of bacterial elimination for the stamp method was compared with regular handwashing (using soap and tap water), hygienic hand-washing (using alcoholic antiseptics), and handwashing using strong acidic electrolyzed water (the SAEW method) in routine work.
After routine work, the average number of bacteria remaining on the nurse's hands with using the SAEW-method, rubbing method and tap water method, were: 54±63, 89±190, 128±194 CFU/agar plate, respectively (n=81). In this study, It was clarified that a much larger number of Bacillus sp. were detected for the rubbing method than for the other methods.
After further nurse work, the most number of absorbed bacteria on a nurse's hands were counted after cleaning a patient's body.
The rate of bacteria elimination for hand-washing with soap and tap water after taking care of a patient was insufficient, especially when before care was provided the number of bacteria on the nurse's hands were less than 100 CFU/agar plate.
From these results. the following manual for sanitary hand washing is recommended:
(1) At first, dirty hands should be cleaned and the number of bacteria should be reduced using soap and tap water or by scrubbing with disinfectants.
(2) After the number of bacteria has been reduced, use the SAEW method routinely.
(3) For care requiring a high level of cleanliness or if no tap water facilities are available, use the rubbing method.
Finally, routine use of the SAEW method in ICU could be recommended with conventional disinfectants and soap and tap water on a case by case basis for less than adverse reactions, such as in the case of rough-hands or keeping a low level of bacteria on hands.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Its Specificity and Reactivity with Coccoid form of H. pyloriShigeru KAMIYA, Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI, Takako OSAKI, Atsushi TOYODA, Hiro ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 378-384
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHelicobacter pylori stool antigen detection kit (HpSA) was micorobiologically evaluated. All of the 10 strains of H. pylon showed positive result in HpSA test, but other bacteria of 16 species and 18 strains did not. In addition, the coccoid form of 10 H. pylori strains reacted positively with the HpSA kit as well as the helical form, although the OD450 value was slightly lower than that of helical form in 7 out of 10 strains examined. The minimum number of H. pylori showing positive reaction in HpSA test was 7.0×103cfu. Feces of both conventional and germ free mice inhibited partially the reaction of H. pylori with HpSA kit, but this decrease in the reactivity was recovered by freeze-thawing of thefeces. In contrast, freeze-thawing of the mice feces with H. pylori decreased the sensitivity in HpSA test, but it was also shown that coccoid form had a stronger reactivity than helical form. These results indicate that the HpSA kit is a rapid and useful diagnostic method for detection of H. pylori, particularly its coccoid form, in the fecal specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1196K) -
Kenichiro YATA, Masamitu NAKAJIMA, Yoshinobu TAKEMOTO, Osamu YAMADA, M ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 385-390
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report the case of a 42-year-old male who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute myelogenous leukemia, and then developed pneumonitis with a bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)-like shadow. When he came with exertional dyspnea four months after BMT, the chest X-ray and CT findings disclosed bilateral infiltration, and remarkable elevation of his serum KL-6 level, a monitoring marker for disease activity in interstitial lung disease. Although organizing pneumonia (OP) was revealed by a transbronchial lung biopsy, no pathogen was detected in bacterial, fungal and routine viral cultures or by direct cytological examinations using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. Since human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) was detected in BAL specimens by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a diagnosis of a pneumonitis-like BOOP shadow related to HHV-6 was made, and he was treated with methylprednisolone and ganciclovir (GCV). Although there was a relapse of his OP 1.5 months later, with re-elevation of his serum KL-6 level, continuous administration of GCV led to disappearance of HHV-6 in BAL specimens assayed by PCR, in association with normalization of the serum KL-6 level. HHV-6 should be considered as a cause of unexplained pneumonitis in BMT recipients, and KL-6 is useful for monitoring the pneumonitis status in these patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (4198K) -
Eisuke SASAKI, Hirotsugu YAMANOUCHI, Kei SHIOSHITA, Tomoichiro HAYAKAW ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 391-395
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 65-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism visited our outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and diarrhea followed by dizziness. Erythema and swelling with partial exfoliation on the right forearm to hand and right thigh were noticed. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the purulent discharge of the skin. Due to urgent and intensive treatment of bacterial shock and antimicrobial drugs, the patient fully recovered three months later. We believe that the patient survived from this fatal infection because; 1) the isolates were highly sensitive to a wide variety of antibiotics, 2) the antibiotic therapy was started immediately, with an alternative usage of different antibiotics, and 3) the liver dysfunction of the patient had not been severely damaged by alcohol before the infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (4217K) -
Ko MANIWA, Eisaku TANAKA, Yoshio TAGUCHI, Kazukiyo OIDA, Tetsuro INOUE ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 396-399
Published: May 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe presented a case of pulmonary Rhizops microsporus var. rhizopodiformis infection which developed abruptly during treatment of bronchial asthma by systemic corticosteroids. The patient, an 85 year-old-woman, was given systemic steroid therapy for 15 days. She suddenly became febrile two days after the therapy and was coughing up yellow sputum. Chest X-ray film showed multiple nodules with cavities which became worsened rapidly. A specimen of sputum culture gave a growth of Mucoraceae, which was identified to be Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis. She was given amphotericin B and miconazole was added on the basis of MIC value of the strain. Although she improved initially, her clinical course showed neutropenia, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, malnutritrition, and then died after about six months. Because the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis isdifficult and prognosis is poor, further studies for investgating clinical features would be necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (2362K)
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