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Volume 77, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shintaro WADA, Motoo MATSUDA, Masao SHINGAKI, Akemi KAI, Shinichi TAKA ...2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 187-194
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antimicrobial susceptibility test was necessary for the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infections. This is because, clarithromycin resistant strains has became an increasing problem.
In this study, we used the antimicrobial susceptibility test which was compare with the agar gradient method, Etest, and broth microdilution method (dry plate) with 4 antimicrobial agents. The results strongly suggested that broth microdilution method was the best method in order to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori.
On the other hand, 393 H. pylori stains isolated during 1994-1998 from clinical patients were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility test to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and minomycin. There were no resistant strains to amoxicillin and minomycin. But clarithromycin and Metronidazole resistant strains were recognized in 85 (22.0%) and 36 (21.7%) strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Shigeru MATSUSHITA, Maho KAWAMURA, Noriko KONISHI, Akemi KAI, Rei KATO ...2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 195-202
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrug resistance trends were investigated for 271 Vibrio cholerae O1 (V. c O1) and 401 V. cholerae non-O1 (V. c non-O1) strains isolated from mainly imported diarrheal cases during 1981-2001 in Japan.
The results of drug resistance test using 8 drugs (CP, TC, SM, KM, ABPC, ST, NA, and NFLX) showed that 34.7% of the V. c O1 strains and 15.7% of V. c non-O1 strains were multi-drug or mono-drug resistant.
The incidence of drug resistant strains has increased since 1991, and it has been remarkable in V. c O1 strains that increased from 1.2% in 1981-1985 to 70.8% in 1996-2001.
The drug resistance patterns of the resistant strains classified into 6 types in V. c O1 and 21 types in V. c non-O1. The prevalent patterns recognized were SM (75.5%), CPz·TC·SM·ST (10.6%) and CP·SM·ST (8.5%) in V. c O1, and SM (25.4%) and ABPC (25.4%) in V. c non-O1.
Ten V. c O1 strains (3.7%) and 10 V. c non-O1 strains (2.5%) were multi-drug resistant including TC. Among those, 13 strains were isolated from travelers who returned to Japan from Thailand.
One V. c O1 strain (0.4%) and 6 V. c non-O1 strains (1.5%) were NA high-resistant and fluoroquinolones low-sensitive. Among those, 4 strains were isolated from travelers who returned to Japan from India.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Takayoshi TASHIRO, Hideko URATA, Kikuko IWANAGA, Katsunori YANAGIHARA, ...2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 203-210
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tuberculin skin test (TST) was conducted in 1, 087 employees of Nagasaki University Hospital. The size of erythema (T1) was 27.3±17.0mm, and 8.6% of all participants showed<=9mm, 49.9% showed 10-29mm, 41.5% showed>=30mm. Laboratory technologists showed significantly larger reactions than other groups. Doctors and nurses working on the tuberculosis ward showed larger reactions than those working on the non-tuberculosis wards. Reactions tended to be larger with aging, and the younger employees in their 20s showed significantly smaller reactions than those in their 40s. The second TST was carried out in 253 employees whose T1 was below 30mm. The size of erythema enlarged from 16.1±6.6mm (T1) to 26.4±15.4mm (T2), with the difference (booster phenomenon) of 10.2±14.4mm. T2 and T2-T1 were larger in nurses working on the tuberculosis ward than those on the non-tuberculosis wards.
It was suggested that laboratory technologists, nurses and doctors especially working on the tuberculosis ward are at risk of tuberculosis infection, and the two-step TST was an essential means to know the baseline reactivity, and to determine recent tuberculosis infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (2308K) -
Comparison of Community-Acquired and Hospital-Acquired InfectionYasuko AOKI, Satoshi IWATA, Michi SHOHJI, Satoshi KOSAKA, Junko SATOH2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 211-218
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo keep an eye on severe nosocomial infection and to evaluate the clinical difference of bloodstream infection between community-acquired and hospital-acquired infection, a survey of blood culture was performed in National Tokyo Medical Center from the period between November 2000 and October 2001. There were 252 episodes detected in 219 patients (80 community-acquired episodes in 80 patients and 172 hospital-acquired episodes in 139 patients).
The three most common foci of infection/pathogens were as follows: in the communityacquired cases; urinary tract, pneumonia, infective endocarditis/Escherichia coli, viridant group of streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and in the hospital-acquired cases; intra-venous catheter, urinary tract, neutropenia-related bacteremia/Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus. Fifteen patients with community-acquired bacteremia and 37 patients with hospital-acquired bacteremia had been died within a month of the episode; the mortality was not significantly different between the both. The average of peak serum concentrations of C-reactive protein during the episodes of community-acquired bacteremia was higher than that of hospitalacquired bacteremia. These findings probably show that life threatening bloodstream infections seemed to be more common in the community.
The rate of nosocomial bacteremia was approximately 1%, and no outbreak was observed during the period. Targeted bacteremia surveillance is maybe useful and efficient method to detect severe hospital-acquired infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (6035K) -
Hiroshi MORO, Hiroki TSUKADA, Tatsuki OHARA, Ritsuko SUSA, Yoshinari T ...2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 219-226
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSβ-Glucan Test MARUHA for high sensitive diagnosis of deep mycosis which was developed recently detects (1→3)-β-D-glucan, a component of the cell wall. The performance of β-Glucan Test MARUHA is evaluated in this report.
Although existing methods to detect (1→3)-β-D-glucan have trouble with sulfa drugs, hemolysis, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), these problems were overcome by the β-Glucan Test MARUHA: No effect was observed for β-Glucan Test MARUHA at lower than 200μg/ml, 500mg/dl, and 6, 000mg/dl of sulfa drugs, hemoglobin, and IgG, respectively.
The effect of drugs administrated on the measurement value of β-glucan Test MARUHA was checked at several concentrations. However, almost no effect of drugs, such as, 5 kinds of antifungals, 8 kinds of antibiotics, a kind of antibacterial, 2 kinds of infusions, and a kind of contrast media was observed at the practical concentrations.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Hiroshi MORO, Hiroki TSUKADA, Tatsuki OHARA, Ritsuko SUSA, Yoshinari T ...2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 227-234
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing Amebocyte lysate of horseshoe crab to measure (1→3)-β-D-glucan specifically, acomponent of the cell wall, several kinds of diagnostic methods for deep mycosis are in practical use in Japan. However, the most important problem is that the judgment of positive or negative is method dependent.
To elucidate the cause of the problem, each measurement value of the identical sample by four methods, β-Glucan Test Maruha (MARUHA), β-Glucan Test Wako (WAKO), FUNGITEC G Test (FUNGITEC-G) and FUNGITEC G Test MK (FUNGITEC-MK) was compared with the clinical data using 119 cases and 289 tests.
Each case was divided into three groups; proven fungal infection, probable fungal infection and non-fungal infection. The negative cases for all the methods tested in the groups of proven fungal infection and probable fungal infection were allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcosis, and that for all the methods tested except FUNGITEC-MK method in the group was pulmonary aspergilloma. It seems that these cases cannot be detected correctly by only measuring (1→3)-β-Dglucan.
On the other hand, the ratio of false positive, positive for non-fungal infection group was high in the case of FUNGITEC-MK. About 23% against the total case was positive for FUNGITEC-MK method, but negative for MARUHA, WAKO, and FUNGITEC-G methods. Although the difference of the sensitivity among four methods was not observed, the specificity, the diagnostic efficiency, and the positive predictive value of FUNGITEC-MK method were remarkably lower than those of the other methods due to false positive measurement.
In conclusion, MARUHA, WAKO and FUNGITEC-G except FUNGITEC-MK is not method dependent. It is suggested that FUNGITEC-MK detects non-specific reaction resulted in false positive.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Toru SHIZUMA, Hiroshi OBATA, Naoaki HAYASHI2003 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 235-236
Published: April 20, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (392K)
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