Distribution of chromium complexes in various chromium baths (pH 2-4) was examined by zone electrophoresis in the viewpoint of their charges and studied in relation to bright chromium plating. To obtain bright chromium deposits, charge number
q (per one chromium atom) of cationic chromium (III) complexes is affected by the presence of Cr
2O
72- and [Cr (III) complex]
1-. In the presence of Cr
2O
72-, 0<
q≤1 is necessary. In the presence of both Cr
2O
7 2- and [Cr (III) complex]
1-,
q is allowed to cover a wide range, whereas in the absence of both anions, 0<
q<1 is necessary. The charge number
q generally decreases as the increase of pH and (NH
4)
2SO
4 concentration of the bath. The reason why chromium deposition can occur in both Cr
2O
72--NH
4+ and [Cr(C
2O
4)
3]
3--NH
4+ baths is deduced to the formation of cationic polynuclear ammine complex with a low charge number in the cathode film.
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