From questionnaires concerning pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli except Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were sent back from 13 hospitals in Japan, 68 cases were accumulated. The clinical investigations about them were summarized and the following results were obtained.
1. Gram-negative bacilli pneumonias were apt to associate with a variety of basal diseases, therefore, there found many case, among patients being treated with antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs, and/or corticosteroid.
2. Klebsiella was the most frequently found causative organism, E. coli and Enterobacter following it. Mixed infections were often found.
3. Thirty of 68 cases died. Most cases which ended to death had necessarily serious basal diseases.
4. By the species of causatives, no significant change was seen in death rates, however, it was higher in cases of mixed infections than in that of single ones.
5. Even in patients who were considered to be treated with appropriate antibiotics, rather high mortality was recorded.
6. Gramnegative bacilli pneumonias were more serious in both of clinical pictures and laboratoryfindings in general in comparison with pneumonias with the other organisms.

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Carrier state salmon ellosis, excreting Salmonella enteritidia into feces and sputa and a Salmonella patient who died of spontaneous fungi bronchopneumonia on the 14th hospital day were observed. Clinical course, histological finding of the cells in the sputa and of intestine, and bacillary invasion and habitants are observed. Antibody titers were investigated by the use of immunofluorescense.
Obtained results are as follows:
I. Carrier state salmonellosis
1) Several antibiotics could not cease the exeretion of the bacilli.
2) Antibody production was recognized in the sera and the sputa. IgG antibody was predominant in the sera and IgA antibody was in the sputa, but both IgM and IgG antibody were recognizablh.
3) IgG and IgA levels in the sera are normal, but IgM levels are extremery low.
4) We recognized the bacilli in the sputa by the FAT. Bacillary antigen was also recognized in the RNA of the macrophage.
II. Salmonella patient.
1) Intestine and lymphnode were pathologically intact, but bacillary habitants are seen on the 14th-hospital day.
2) IgM levels in the sera are low and also intestinal IgM cells are few.
3) In the serum, antibody titer IgM is predominant and IgG, IgA are followed.
4) Isolated salmonella bacilli are sensitive against Cp and other drugs.

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Serological typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated by us was performed using the microtiter method which was derived by Takigami and Kaneko. Typing sera were delivered by Homma.
1. 727 (90.8%) out of 801 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in our hospital were typable. Among them Type 8 was the most predominant type (44.7%) in our hospital, and especially it was remarkably predominant (59.6%) in the pulmonary tuberculosis ward which was separated from the other wards.
Homma reported that Type 5 was encountered most frequently (27.0%) and Type 8 the second (25.6%) all over Japan, then, the distribution of Type 8 in our hospital could be said to show a peculiar pattern.
Type 8 strains were discovered more frequently with statistical significance in patients' specimens (49.2%) than in environmental specimens of our hospital (33.0%).
2. Six patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and staying in our hospital for a long time had r eservoired the same type cf Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains continuously in their respiratory tracts and intestines, which lasted for about 8-24 months (Permanence of serotypical Pseudomonas monoinfection)
Type 8 from one patient with pulmonary tuberculosis was demonstrated in his respiratory tract and intestine for the first one year and Type 5 was discovered in the same places for the latter one year (Serotypical change of infection)
3. The more moist the environments in the hospital was the more frequently they were contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, that is, sinks were almost always contaminated and floors and taps were also contaminated in different degree according to the moisture of the rooms. Beds and clothes were rarely contaminated.
Serological investigation showed that Type 8 was disclosed continuously for long periods of time in the environmental specimens of nurse station, but the serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains originated from the hospital kitchen were variable.
4. In some cases the serotypes of Pseudomonas strains originated from patients specimens and environmental specimens in their hospital rooms were identical and in some cases not identical. Epidemiological significance of both cases was discussed.
5. The moist environments of our hospital staffs' household were found contaminated by Pseudomonas strains so much frequent as the hospital moist environments. The serotypical investigation showed that Type 8 was the most predominant (29.7%) just like in hospital environments (33.0%), but compared with the hospital, especially the hospital kitchen, the distribution of serotypes was of no regularity.

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