The severity of bacillary dysentery is recognized by two factors; one is the severity of initial symptoms, the other is the duration of the illness.
On the other hand, the clinical effect of antibiotics is evaluated by the degree of alleviation of symptoms and shortening of the clinical illness.
Because an objective methodology by which symptoms are evaluated has not yet been established, the clinical evaluation of antibiotics is difficult.
Therefore, an attempt was made to evaluate the severity of cross-sectional symptoms by assigning a numerical value to each of the symptoms. The results are presented in this paper.
At first, all symptoms were categorized into three groups: fever, frequency of diarrhea and pathological products of feces. And next, relative importance of these three factors in the overall clinical severity was calculated at 16.5%, 33.3% and 50.2%, respectively.
Furthermore, the subcategories of each of these three symptom complexes was scored and ranked for its crosssectional severity.
On the basis of the table of scores obtained in such a way, the score of initial symptom of each case was obtained. From this distribution the severity was classified into severe, moderate, mild, and near normal.
Using this method, the severity of initial symptoms of Flexner dysentery in the 1930's and 1970's were compared. The result is that in male infants bacillary dysentery became significantly less serious, suggesting that the nation of lower pathogenicity or severity should be limited to male infants. In fact, the finding may be due to increased host resistance.
The other factor suggesting reduced pathogenicity of the disease may be the transmission of the epidemic strain of bacilli. For this purpose, the severity of initial symptoms between Flexner and Sonne in present day was compared. In this case, no deviation was detected in age or sex, and generally Sonne is significantly less serious than Flexner, suggesting that there is a factor in the parasite.

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In the concept “Severity” of Bacillary Dysentery, evaluation of the length of the course is included.
It is useful to express the length of the course by a numerical score not only to evaluate the severity of disease but also to take an objective view of antibiotic effect.
Now, a score of 13.4 is assigned to the occurrence of fever in the overall clinical course (Table 1), which is influenced by the degree of fever in the initial stage of illness (Table 3). Similarly, to the days required for normalization of frequency of diarrhea a score of 22.9 is assigned, while 56.7 score is assigned to the days for disappearance of pathological products. In other words, if the total marks for the course of dysentery are 100, the significance of the course of each symptom is shared as the marks shown above. The marks of pathological products are divided into 24.7 for mucus, 18.2 for blood, and 13.8 for pus, respectively, and on calculating the total, the score corresponding to the days required for each disappearance must be added.
In such a way, relative importance of each component of illness is summarized in Table 5 as the score with regard to the initial severity.
Applying these marks to each case and getting the total score for the clinical course, the severity of the clinical course of Flexner dysentery in the 1930's and in the 1970's was compared. The result was that the cases with severe illness markedly decreased in these days, especially in male children. Classified by symptoms, the latter has become less severe in decreasing order of Fever, Diarrhea and Pathological products respectively.
Next, the course between Flexner and Sonne Dysentery in the 1970's was compared. The result was that Sonne was plainly mild and the differentiation was marked, on being classified by symptoms, in order of Pathological products, Diarrhea and Fever.

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Considerable literatures on serodiagnosis of candidiasis have been reported, but the methods for the serodiagnosis of candidiasis have not yet been established. We investigated the availablity of serodiagnosis of candidiasis by passive hemagglutination reaction, using polysaccharide antigen extracted from candida organisms.
The components of the polysaccharide antigen which we used, and extracted from candida albicans A, are consisted of mannose (40% of the total amount) and glucose (5.5% of the total amount), and those of candida albicans B are consisted of mannose (34.8% of the total amount) and glucose (4.7% of the total amount).
The antibodies against candida antigens were investigated in rabbits with experimentally induced renal candidiasis and with septicaemia, as well as in 367 healthy subjects and 16 patients.
The following results were obtained:
1) The antibodies against candida antigens were detected immediately after inoculation with candida organisms in rabbits with experimentally induced renal candidiasis and with septicaemia. The intensity varied according to the species of candida organisms.
2) The titer of antibody against candida albicans A was lower than 1: 8, 1: 16 in healthy male and female respectively. The titer of antibody against candida albicans B was lower than 1: 4, 1: 16 in healthy male and female respectively.
The titers of antibody against candida albicans A and B were markedly elevated above 65 years old healthy subjects.
3) The titers of antibody against candida albicans A and B were higher in all clinical cases except for cutaneous candidiasis than that of healthy subjects under 65 years old.
Therefore, the authors believed that this passive hemagglutination reaction was available for the serodiagnosis of candidiasis in patients less than 65 years old.

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