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Volume 69, Issue 10
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Norio IKEDA1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1093-1102
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made on 66 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae which were obtained from clinical specimens in 1991 through 1993 and showed 19 mm or less of disk inhibition zone diameter (DIZD) against 1 μg oxacillin (MPIPC) disk. The studies included the determination of their serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and comparison between microbroth dilution (MD) method and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. In the study of distribution of serotypes, additional 32 strains which showed 20 mm or more in DIZD were included for study.
The results were as follows.
1) About 70% of 98 strains of S. pneumoniae were serotyped by 6 kinds of antisera. Among penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), type 3 were 20.6%, type 19, 15.9%, type 6, 14.3%, type 18, 9.5%, type 14, 7.9%, and type 4, 1.6%. Among penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP), and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP), type 19 were 60%, and type 18, 8.6%. In PISP and PRSP, more than half were type 19, which indicates they are distinctly different from PSSP in serotypical distribution.
2) As to the difference between screening by MPIPC disk and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by benzylpenicillin (PCG), among 66 MPIPC resistant strains, PSSP strains were 31 in number (47%).
3) MIC showed that PISP and PRSP strains were more resistant than PSSP against cefaclor (CCL), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), cefotaxime (CTX), imipenem (IPM), minocycline (MINO), and erythromycin (EM), but no difference was found in the 2 groups of strains in MIC with clindamycin (CLDM) and ofloxacin (OFLX).
4) All type 3 strains formed mucoid colonies and were resistant to MINO and highly resistant to EM and CLDM.
5) By NCCLS, category of antimicrobial susceptibility is determined against CCL, EM, OFLX, in MD method and K-B method. Against these antibiotics, the complete agreement rates were 75.8 %, 92.4 % and 86.4 % respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K) -
Mitsutaka KUZUYA, Ritsushi FUJII, Masako HAMANO, Tadashige MORI1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1103-1109
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of R. tsutsugamushi in wild rodents. The PCR method which amplified the gene coding for the group-specific antigen of R. tsutsugamushi was used in this study. Specific PCR products (88 bp) were obtained with the DNAs from three reference strains (Gilliam, Karp, and Kato) and two cell culture adapted field isolates (KN-1 and GJ-1). The minimum number detectable by the PCR method was estimated to be 1.3 copies of rickettsial genome. In a study with experimentally infected mice, the PCR method could detect rickettsial DNA in one of two infected mice at four months after inoculation. Thereafter, fifty five wild rodents were captured in five areas of Okayama Prefecture, and R. tsutsugamushi DNA was detected, by the PCR method, by amplifying DNA from the spleen of each rodent. The rickettsia was also isolated from the same rodents by the mouse inoculation method. By the PCR method, rickettsial DNAs could be detected in 12 of 13 rodents from which the rickettsiae were isolated, and in 10 of 42 rodents from which no rickettsiae were isolated. These findings indicate that the PCR method is a simple and specific procedure to detect R. tsutsugamushi in wild rodents. On the other hand, the results of the PCR method demonstrated that the middle area of Okayama Prefecture was highly (44-81%) contaminated with R. tsutsugamushi.View full abstractDownload PDF (3112K) -
6. Correlation between Number of Patients and Meteorological ElementsShiro KASUYA1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1110-1117
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlations between numbers of tsutsugamushi disease patients and meteorological elements were analyzed for 11 years from 1982 to 1992 in Gifu Prefecture, Japan by using regression analysis. The number of patients in early winter was closely correlated independently to both the mean of the minimum temperatures from 11th May to 31th July and the mean of the maximum temperatures in November in the same year. Regression coefficients (R2) were 0.689 and 0.560, respectively. On this basis, an equation for prediction of the number of patients in early winter was designed as follows:
N= {e (j-7.6) + 2.3 (v-3)}·j·v/156 (prediction formula 1)
N: predicted number of patients in early winter
j: the mean of the minimum temperature from 11th May to 31th July
v: the mean of the maximum temperature in November
e: the base of the natural logarithm (= 2.718......)
The number of patients in early winter was also closely correlated to j in an equation of the fifth degree (R2=0.930).
N= 22.524656384 j5-2218.23705 j4+ 87272.992 j3-1714734.329 j2+ 16825634.235 j-65963810.254
Based on these formulas, the temperature in early summer has a significant effect upon the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease in early winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (852K) -
Kimiko WAKAI, Kazuo FUNADA, Takashi NAKAJIMA, Katsuji KANAZAWA, Yoshih ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1118-1125
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiologically investigated of invasion of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, inhabitant of mites and serum sample from patients with Tsutsugamushi disease in Gunma prefecture from 1984 to 1994 was made.
Our data clearly indicated that Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was not located but widely spreaded throughout the Prefecture.
Mites on rodents, were classified into 4 genus and 12 species and about 15% of them were Leptotrombidium pallidum and Leptotrombidium scuttellare, well known virulent vectors.
The highest incidence rate of this disease was observed in the northwest area of the Prefecture from October to December, while a smaller number of patients occurred in other areas and in other months.
About fifty percent of the serum samples from the patients wer positive to the Karp strain.
These results suggest that the major cause of this disease is the Karp strain and the disease could occur potentially in various areas of the Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Osahiko TAKAHASHI, Zhe CAI, Masako TODA, Yukihiko HARA, Tadakatsu SHIM ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1126-1134
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe previously reported that tea catechin shows bactericidal activity against various bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and that bactericidal catechin damages the lipid bilayer of bacterial cell membranes. Here we describe that oxacillin (MPIPC) shows antibacterial activity against MRSA in the presence of catechin below MIC.
Twenty clinical isolates of MRSA were examined by a cup method. In the absence of catechin, MPIPC even at a concentration of 40, μg/ml did not show antibacterial activity against all isolates of MRSA. However, when catechin below MIC (25-100, μg/ml) was mixed with the agar medium, MPIPC (5-12.5, μg/ml) showed antibacterial activity against all MRSA isolates. By counting the numbers of viable bacteria in a broth culture, only MPIPC (5, μg/ml) or catechin (100, μg/ml) showed similar growth curves to the control. But addition of both MPIPC and catechin reduced the number of viable bacteria to 1/100-1/10000 after 24 hours of cultures.
Besides MPIPC, in the presence of catechin below MIC methicillin (12.5, μg/ml), aminobenzylpenicillin (32 μg/ml), tetracycline (2.5 μg/ml), and chloramphenicol (12.5μg/ml) showed antibacterial activities against multiple drug resistant MRSA to antibiotics mentioned above.
These findings suggest a possible use of catechin in the treatment of MRSA infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Yuko YOTO, Tooru KUDOH, Keiji HASEYAMA, Shunzo CHIBA, Yasuko MATSUNAGA ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1135-1140
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPropagation of human parvovirus B19 (B19) in cell cultures are not applicable to the source of viral antigens for serological assays at present. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits with recombinant B19 capsids by E. coli or baculovirus expression system have been developed. We tested serum samples from the patients with erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis by EIA kit with recombinant antigens synthesized in a baculovirus expression system (Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan). The antigens used in the kit are self-assembled recombinants containing both VP-1 and VP-2 with the same proportion as found in native B19 capsids. B19 IgM is detected by antibody capture methods and IgG by indirect methods. All of the samples were positive for B19 DNA by nested PCR. Thirty-six (97%) of the 37 patients with erythema infectiosum and all (100%) of the 4 patients with aplastic crisis were positive for B19 IgM. The EIA kit with recombinant antigens synthesized in a baculovirus expression system has proved to be reliable and useful for the diagnosis of B19 infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Toshinobu YAMAMOTO, Kanzo SUZUKI, Masahiro YAMAKOSHI, Toshiyuki YAMAMO ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1141-1150
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study based on clinical analysis was conducted regarding the 125 episodes in the elderly 112 patients of sepsis who were 70 (average 83.8 ± 7.5) years old at Nagoyashi-Koseiin Geriatric Hospital from 1985 through 1994.
1) The backgrounds of the elderly patients with sepsis were as follows: bedridden (72.8%), urinary catheter in place (61.2%), central venous catheter in place (48.8%), and prior antibiotic use (40.8%). All patients had an underlying disease.
2) Organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.4%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (17.4%) and Candida albicans (6.1%). Chrologically, the quantity of gram-positive cocci increased while that of gram-negative bacilli decreased. As the age of the patients increased, the frequency of infections by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli, and/or multiple bacteria increased, while that of infections by CNS and gram-negative bacilli excluding E. coli decreased.
3) The primary infected sites were the urinary tract system (24.8%), central venous catheter (21.6%) and unknown (31.2%).
4) The primary clinical observations were fever exceeding 38.0°C(88.0%), tachycardia (60.8%), shivering (44.0%) and cyanosis (32.8%).
5) Complications were multiple organ failure (33.6%), septic shock (26.4%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (22.4%).
6) The prognosis indicated that 65.6% were survivors, and 34.4% were nonsurvivors. At the onset of sepsis, weight, blood pressure, serum albumin, and total cholesterol in the nonsurvivors were significantly lower than those in the survivors, whereas heart rate, GOT, LDH, and BUN in the nonsurvivors were significantly higher than those in the survivors.View full abstractDownload PDF (1471K) -
Yukiko SHIMAKOSHI1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1151-1158
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the effect of disinfectants against viruses in vitro, I devised the Micro-Carrier-Test of dry-fixed virus-infected cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Molt-4 cells (1×105 cells in 5μl of 10% fetal bovine serum) were dry-fixed at the bottom of each well of a 96-well flat-bottomed microtiter plate for 120 minutes at room temperature. Disinfectants were added and allowed to remain for designated times and the wells were washed three times with PBS. Uninfected Molt-4 cells (1×104 cells/well) were inoculated and cultured for 4 weeks. The culture supernatant was harvested to measure reverse transcriptase activity by non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay every week. Residual cytotoxicity of the disinfectant was determined by cytotoxicity assay. To evaluate the new method, the virucidal efficacy of several well-known disinfectants was reevaluated. Dose-and time-dependent effects of the disinfectants were determined. The minimal effective concentrations after 5 minutes of contact were 20% ethanol, 0.01% glutaraldehyde and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite. These results are almost the same as those reported previously, but there are some discrepancies. The differences between the present and previous protocols are discussed. This Micro-Carrier-Test promises to be useful in the screening of disinfectants.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
Mayumi TAKATSU, Toshi NADA, Hideko YAMAMOTO, Satoshi ICHIYAMA1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1159-1161
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcanthamoeba keratitis occurs mainly in contact lens users. We experienced a patient with Acathamoeba keratitis after operation for cataract. A 70-year-old male, who suffered from suppurative keratitis with impairment of visual acuity and eye pain in the left eye after the operation, was admitted to our hospital. After admission he received treatment with oral and topical antibiotics without any improvement. Neither bacterial or fungal pathogens was detected from corenal skrappings. Blue stained Acanthamoeba cysts were detected with the Parker ink KOH preparation from punctured fluid of the anterior chamber of the eye. Acanthamoeba cysts were also cultured on a nonnurient agar plate with Escherichia coli. Then he was treated with oral and topical miconazole and topical fluconazole. His visual acuity did not improve because of the lag of appropriate treatment. Therefore, attention must be paid for the existence of Acanthamoeba keratitis after ophthalmologic operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (3029K) -
Isolation of Bilophila wadsworthia from Peritoneal Fluid of a Patient with an Infected Douglas PouchHaruki SAWAMURA, Naoki KATO, Kunitomo WATANABE, Kakuyo SAWA, Hisashi K ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages 1162-1163
Published: October 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2930K)
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