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Volume 74, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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I. Development of a New Anti-bacterial Coating Material for Silicon CathetersHideaki HASHIMOTO, Noriaki ONO, Koichi MONDEN, Hiromi KUMON, Tohru SHI ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 431-440
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a new anti-bacterial urethral catheter, we studied anti-bacterial and antiadherent coating material suitable for silicon catheters. Several aspects of various silver compounds were examined, including anti-bacterial activity, chemical property and toxicity. Among silver citrate, silver phosphate and silver oxide, which were found to have excellent anti-bacterial activities, silver citrate was regarded as the material of choice for anti-bacterial coating in terms of durable activity and biological safety. It was also found that several surfactants inhibited bacterial adherence to the surface of silicon catheters. Among them soybean lecithin exhibited excellent anti-adherent activity in a dose dependent manner. Finally, a mixture of silver citrate, soybean lecithin and liquid silicon at the ratio of 2: 2: 8 was regarded as an ideal anti-bacterial coating materialfor silicon catheters.View full abstractDownload PDF (6054K) -
II. Potency of a New Anti-bacterial Catheter and Its Durability in Experimental ModelsHideaki HASHIMOTO, Noriaki ONO, Koichi MONDEN, Hiromi KUMON, Tohru SHI ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 441-449
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe potency and effectiveness of an anti-bacterial catheter coated with a mixture of silver citrate, soybean lecithin and liquid silicon at the ratio of 2: 2: 8 were compared withthose of commercially available anti-bacterial and conventional urethral catheters. This new anti-bacterial catheter showed a strong activity and excellent durability in ordinary in vitro experimental studies. In the present series we have developed new in vitro experimental models for the evaluation of anti-bacterial catheters in inhibiting bacterial ascent via intraluminal or extraluminal route. The characteristic features of the silver citrate/lecithin catheter, namely strong activity and excellent durability, were confirmed using these new models that mimic urinary catheter-associated clinical infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (4309K) -
Haruyo MORI, Yoko KOJIMA, Takuya KAWAHATA, Toru OTAKE, Isao OISHI2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 450-457
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have analyzed the sequences of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients receiving antiretroviral therapy to evaluate the drug resistance-associated mutations. Of 84 HIV-1-infected individuals treated with reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 43 (51.2%) have been found to carry amino acid substitutions predicted to acquire drug-resistances. One to 3 mutations at amino acid residues reported to be associated with protease inhibitor-resistance were detected in more than 80% of protease inhibitor-naive patients. However, these pre-existing mutations did not seem to raise a real resistance after the initiation of therapy with protease inhibitors. Phenotypic resistance assay was performed with 6 clinical isolates to compare with genotypic resistance. In most of the cases, phenotype was correlated with genotypic changes, however, two strains which were isolated from patients having no experience of chemotherapy showed a decrease in susceptibility to several drugs without any resistance-related mutations detected in their genes. Taken together, determination of phenotypic resistance is necessary, especially when a newly-infected patient starts antiviral therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Epidemiological StudyYoshihumi UNO2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 458-464
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRetrospective studies of the prognostic factors of infantile acute otitis media caused by Penicillinresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae were performed. In this study, the following items were discussed the following items; age, sex, presence of nurturance, presence of acute otitis media, presence of sibling, presence of past antibiotic therapy, presence of past therapy for this type of otitis media, MIC of PCG, MIC of CDTR.
1. Statistically significant results were obtained in the following items; age, presence of acute otitis media, presence of past antibiotic therapy, presence of past therapy of this type of otitis media (especially that treated by an otolaryngologist). 2. In previous reports, persistent and recurrent otitis media was influenced by participation in kindergarten groups. However in this study, a statistically significant difference was not recognized. 3. Statistically significant results were not recognized in the MIC of PCG and the MIC of CDTR for PRSP. 4. In this study, immunities of each infants were not discussed, but it was necessary for us to examine the factors of immunity in infants, such as specific pneumococcal antigen and type-specific IgG2 antibody and comparison of such titers to the various results of treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1080K) -
A Survey by QuestionnairesKihei TERADA, Takahiro NIIZUMA, Yuusuke DAIMON, Naoki KATAOKA, Yoshihi ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 465-469
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe sent questionnaires to 80 medical schools in Japan to know what the problems in hospital infection for students in medical schools are. Seventy-one % were sent back to us. There have been hospital infection from patients to students in 12% of the medical schools, included 3 cases each of measles, chickenpox and mumps, 2 cases each of rubella, hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Fourteen% of the medical schools had reports about the past history of infection and vaccination from students, 70 % of the schools determined their antibodies and the 28% did nothing. Ninety-three%, 25%, 23%, 18%, and 15%, of the schools determined antibodies for hepatitis B, rubella, measles, chickenpox and mumps, respectively. Some assays of the measurement were low in sensetivity. The cost for the determination was fully paid in 48% of the schools, but only partially supported in 35%. Tuberculin reaction was performed in 40% of the schools and then BCG was done in 57%. Vaccination was recommended in 40% of the schools. The cost of vaccination was all paid in 38% of them, which was only for hepatitis B, and partially supported in 15% of them.View full abstractDownload PDF (4035K) -
Kenji YAMAZAKI, Tohru OHYAMA, Etsuko UTAGAWA, Hiroyoshi KAWAMOTO2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 470-475
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using various pairs of primers, 902 strains of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were detected during 10 years from 1989 to 1998 in the nationwide area of Japan including Hokkaido and Okinawa. Nucleotide sequencing was done on 177 strains, and we found that 153 strains (86%) of them belonged to genogroup II (GII). GII could be classified into five subgroups (G2A, G2B, G2C, G2D and G2E) based on the amino acid sequences showing a similarity of more than 91%. Among them G2C and G2D (named JP1) as well as G2E (named JP2), which were occasionally identified in Japan (detection rate of 17%) but rarely detected in the other countries, revealed to form new subgroups. From the above analysis, three pairs of new primers were established as consensus primers for NLVs. All the three sets of primers, P1/P2, P1/P3 and Y1/Y2, amplified both GI and GII equally and efficiently.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Hideyuki IKEMATSU, Atsuko NABESHIMA, YONG Chong, Wen LI, Wataru KAJIYA ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 476-480
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn outbreak of an influenza like illness was found in a nursing home in Fukuoka in January, 1999. Results of hemagglutinine inhibition tests with paired sera of patients and rapid diagnosis kit for influenza A indicated that an influenza A (H3N2) outbreak had occurred. A total of 15 patients with influenza like illness from one residential area of the nursing home were administered amantadine, 100mg per day for five days. Clinical records of 264 residents were surveyed retrospectively from the tenth to the thirty-first of January, 1999. Influenza like illness was found in 112 residents (42.4%). The incidence of influenza like illness differed by residential area, ranging from 27.6% to 54.0%. The mean duration of fever was 3.6 days among patients administered amantadine. The mean duration was 4.4days for patients not administered amantadine. The incidence of influenza like illness decreased rapidly after amantadine administration in the residential area where amantadine administration was done. These results suggest that amantadine is effective in mitigating influenza symptoms in the elderly. Amantadine may be useful for diminishing the influence of influenza A outbreaks in nursing homes.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
Keiji SAHARA, Masaaki SUGIEDA, Hiromi NAGAOKA, Yoshinobu MIWA, Hideki ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 481-485
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Shizuoka Prefecture, influenza B viruses belonging to B/Victoria/2/87 lineage caused an outbreak among school children in the off-season of 1998, and the same B viruses were mainly isolated during the following epidemic. Low titer of HI antibody among children for influenza B virus belonging to the same lineage was a recognized factor in the causation of the distinctive epidemic. The herald virus strains seemed to be antigenically similar to the late epidemic virus strains, but the former strains were not genetically close to the latter. This indicates that the herald viruses are not always the parental viruses for the following influenza season.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
Toru HIYOSHI, Fumito AKASU, Ritsu FUKAZAWA, Kazuhiro TAKAI, Michiyasu ...2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 486-490
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made of a 55 years old male, who suffered from emphysematous cystitis with diabetes mellitus. He had multiple complications due to diabetic neuropathy such as foot ulceration, oculomotor nerve palsy, peroneal nerve palsy and a neurogenic bladder. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonous aeruginosa were cultured from urine specimens. There have been only 19 reported cases of emphysematous cystitis since 1962. Fourteen of these cases had diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (4100K) -
Yuriko SAITO, Mikio TAKAMORI, Mikio KIMURA2000 Volume 74 Issue 5 Pages 491-496
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 67-year-old male was admitted with consciousness disturbance (JCS, III-200) after completing a 12-day tour to east Africa without malaria chemoprophylaxis. When he visited the hospital one day prior to the admission complaining of fever and a slightly sore throat, he did not mention the travel history. Soon after his travel history was revealed, blood films were prepared which showed abundant ring forms accompanied with a small number of trophozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, with the parasitemia of 26%. Despite intravenous quinine infusion, first that of loading dose, his consciousness state (JCS, 111-300), renal and hepatic functions and anemia (Hb, 5.8g/dL) deteriorated progressively. Moreover, metabolic acidosis worsened with pH of 6.954, HCO3- of 3.4mEq/L, BE of-27.0mEq/L, PCO2 15.5mmHg by arterial blood gas analysis, although he received a large volume of sodium bicarbonate solution. The patient died on the 4th day of his illness.
According to the literature, it is suggested that the treatment of metabolic acidosis in severe faciparum malaria with sodium bicarbonate is sometimes harmful, since it can result in sodium overloading, which may then precipitate pulmonary edema/ARDS. However, alternative treatment regimens have not yet been established. Future investigation on the etiology and the proper treatment of metabolic acidosis associated with severe falciparum malaria is highly needed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3264K)
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