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Volume 79, Issue 9
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Fusayo SUDO, Naruhiko ISHIWADA, Tadashi HOSHINO, Chie FUKASAWA, Yukiko ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 637-643
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prevalence of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Hcxernophilus influenzae (H.influenzae) has been increasing in recellt years. Piperacillin (PIPC) is one of a few β-lactams possessing good activity against BLNAR H.influenzae We studied clillical efficacy of piperacillin and its β-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ PIPC) in children with lower respiratory tract infection caused by H. influenzae including resistance strains. Methods: Subjects were 20 children with lower respiratory tract infection caused by H. influenzae treated with PIPC 100mg kg day (7 cases) or TAZPIPC 125mg: kg/day (13 cases). We selected cases from which resistant H. influenzae strains might be detected. Patients received prior antimicrobial therapy within two weeks before admission, or with underlyhlg diseases. We exalllined patlellt profiles, clinical efficacy, susceptibilities for 6 β-lactam antibiotics [PIPC, TAZ PIPC. ampkillin (ABPC). cefotaxime (CTX). ceftriaxone (CTRX), and meropenem (MEPM)] and analyzed 6 genotype patterns of β-lactam resistant genes by PCR. Results: Efficacy was 7/7 in patients in PIPC group and 12/13 in patients in TAZ PIK: group. Diminished efficacy was seen in only one case complicated with severe RSV infection. The susceptibility of all strahls but one β-lactamase producing.ABPC resistant (BLP) strain to PIPC and of all to TAZ/ PIPC was below 0.25μg mL. The gellotype of the 15 strains isolated from the sputum on administration was as follows; β-ladamase nonproduclng, ABPC-susceptible (gBLNAS) strains were4, gBLP strain was 1, β-1actamase nonproducing. and ABPC-resistant (gLow-BLNAR) strains were 2.β-lactamase nonproducing, ABPC resistant (gBLNAR) strains were 8. Conclusion: PIPC and TAZ PIPC were useful against lower respiratory tract infection caused by H. influenzae including MA AR in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (1109K) -
Hiroshi FUKUSHIMA, Yoshie TSUNOMORI2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 644-655
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA duplex real-time SYBR Green LightCycler PCR (LC-PCR) assay with DNA extraction using QIAamp DNA Stool Minikit was evaluated for detection of 8 of 19 species of food-borne pathogens, including Plesiomonas shigelloides, Providencia alcalifaciens, in five stool specimens. The time frame was within 2h or less. The protocol used the same LC-PCR with 22 pairs of specific primers. The rapid amplification and reliable detection of specific genes were determined by this LC-PCR assay from 10 cases of food-borne outbreaks in Shimane Prefecture from 2002 to 2005. These cases included Campylobacter jejuni (4). Clostridium perfringens (2), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and astA positive E. coli (1) and astA positive E. coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O26, and Bacillus cereus (1 each). Rapid amplification and reliable detection of specific genes of food-or water-borne pathogenic bacteria in fecal samples should facilitate the diagnosis and management of food-borne outbreaks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1738K) -
Respect to Serum Level of Cryptococcal AntigenYasumasa DOHTSU, Yuji ISHIMATSU, Hiroshi TAKATANI, Kazunori MINAMI, Ke ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 656-663
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical studies of sixteen cases with pulmonary cryptococcosis, during the past six years between 1998 and 2004, were peformed mainly with respect to serum cryptococcal antigen titer. Serum cryptococcal antigen was positive in twelve of 16 cases, the other three cases were diagnosed by VATS, the other one by positive culture of cryptococcus in BALF. In these twelve cases, the serum cryptococcal antigen titer was continuously tested after treatment. The serum cryptococcal antigen titer decreased from half to 6 months after treatment. And the cryptococcal Ag changed to negative in six of the 12 cases by antifungal agents from 5 to 19 months. But four cases whose pneumonia was severe tended to have a high titer level of cryptococcal antigen and were positive for a long period. In the Chest CT of four pulmonary cryptococcosis case with negative cryptococcal antigen, all of the maximum nodule size was less than or equal to 15mm in diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (4792K) -
Results of Questionnaire-based StudyMasahiro MIYOSHI, Shima YOSHIZUMI, Chiaki SATO, Toyo OKUI, Hiroshi OGA ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 664-671
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNoroviruses are common causative agents of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans. Recent studies showed that human susceptibility to noroviruses was associated with ABO histo-blood group type. It was also observed that various degrees of susceptibility were exhibited by different norovirus strains. In January 2003, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis including 661 affected primary and junior high school students occurred through lunch bread contaminated with norovirus in Hokkaido, Japan. To clarify the relationship between ABO histo-blood group type and the norovirus infection, we performed a written questionnaire to schoolchildren about the consumption of the bread, onset of symptoms and person-to-person transmission in their household. Questionnaires were returned from 722 schoolchildren(response rate. 65.8%), of whom 55.3% suffered gastroenteritis. As a result of this survey, it was found that schoolchildren with blood group type A(71.1%, 133/187)were more susceptible to the norovirus infection, whereas, schoolchildren with blood group type AB (55.3%, 26/47) were less affected [P (Z0) <0.025]. In addition, the presumptive prevalence rate of personto-person transmission in each household indicated that schoolchildren with blood group type AB (19.2%, 5/26) had a lower risk of infection than those with blood group type A or O [A: 41.4%, 55/133 O: 39.5%, 49/124(unknown for one case)] [P(Z0)<0.025].Our findings suggested that persons with blood group type AB were less affected by the norovirus infection in this outbreak.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Kazunori KISHIDA, Eiji YOKOYAMA, Masako UCHIMURA, Sadato ICHINOHE2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 672-679
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethods for cluster analysis of IS 6110 based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were studied for an epidemiological investigation in Chiba prefecture. To normalize patterns, external size markers were adopted instead of typical internal size markers used in the standard method. RFLP patterns were run on 1.4%agarose gels and external markers were applied to outside and middle lanes on each gel for precise comparison. The resulting RFLP patterns of 74 isolates were clustered by similarity. Similarity was calculated with the Dice coefficient using parameter settings at 0.8%tolerance and 0.5%optimization. Patterns of 19 isolates from 8 outbreaks showed high similarity within each outbreak. Cluster analysis, as described here, provides insights into epidemiological tracing of tuberculosis in Chiba prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (4151K) -
Hiroshi SAKATA2005 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 680-687
Published: September 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated 83 children with bacterial meningitis in 67 of 81 insitutions in Hokkaido, Japan between 1999 and 2003 by questionnaire. The incidence of bacterial meningitis in children aged<5 years and 5<, <10 years was 6.3 and 0.7 cases per 100, 000 children/year. The incidences of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae in children aged<5 years were 3.7, 1.4 and 0.8. Median age was 13 months ranging from 0 day to 9 years. Seventy-four (89.1%) of the total were less than 5 years old with 39 (47.0%) less than 1 year old. Major causative organisms were H. influenzae in 51 patients, S. pneumoniae in 18, S. agalactiae in 9 and E. coli in 3. Four deaths occurred, giving an overall case mortality rate of 4.8%. Sequelae were seen at discharge in 25.3%, predominantly epilepsy, hearing loss, and developmental delay of varying severity. The frequency of poor prognosis was 55.6% for patients with meningitis due to S. pneumoniae compared with 21.6% for H. iitfluenztie and 22.2% for S. agalactiae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1267K)
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