Male rabbits were starved, given rat-poison orally (containing 8% yellow phosphor) and slaughtered after 24 hours then the hepatic changes were examined together with controls with the following results : 1) Intensive lobulo-diffused fat infiltrations were recognized in livers when their marrows kept as much fat as the controls (apparent hunger). 2) Fat did not appear in the livers of rabbits when their marrows were atrophied and there was almost no fat (absolute hunger)., centri-lobular fat changes appeared slightly in liver of rabbits holding a little f at in their marrows (relative hunger). 3) Fat tissue of marrows might be a source of fat to the blood stream so long as it kept any fat, considering the state of its inanition atrophy (serous atrophy). 4) Changes of mitochondrias were more severe than the controls, the protoplasm of the liver cells looked like a sieve with intensive vacuolar degeneration of mitochondrias. It would be regarded that the acute changes through phosphor poisoning were added to chronic changes by hunger. 5) Liver glycogen did not disappear because of phosphor poisoning dut by hunger. 6) The so called fat storing cells withered and reduced the fat in the livers of rabbits to almost nothing as well as the fat of the sources, especially that of the marrows (absolute hunger).

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Systematic histological studies of the endometrium and the ovary were carried out on 253 uteri removed from the women who had been mpre than one year after menopause, and the following results were obtained.
1) The endometrium after menopause was classified into the atrophic type (74.7%), early proliferative type (10.7%) and hyperplastic type (14.6%), and the histological pictures of each type were described in detail.
2) The distribution of the Types in the endometrium of the uteri with myoma or cancer of the cervix was not different significantly from that in the normal post-menopause endometrium shown above. In the endometrium of adenomyosis, the early proliferative type was more frequently observed than in the control, but the hyperplastic type was not encountered. The endometrium of the patients with hepatic diseases and that around the cancer of the uterine body showed either the early proliferative or the hyperplastic type more frequenty than the control endometrium. The difference was statistically significant. All of the four mammary cancer cases had the atrophic type of the endometrium.
3) There was no difference in the occurrence rate of ovarian stroma hyperplasia between the ovaries of the cases with uterine myoma or cancer of the cervix and the ovaries of the control. It was slightly more frequently observed in the cases with uterine adenomyosis, less in the cases with hepatic diseases, and significantly more in those with cancer of the uterine body, compared with the control ovaries. Ovarian stroma hyperplasia was not found in the cases with mammary cancer.
4) The proliferation of the cells in the follicular wall seemed to take part in the proliferation of the endometrium even after menopause. It was found that the ovarian stroma hyperplasia acted as a stimulation on the proliferation of the endometrium. The proliferation of the endometrium after menopause was supposed to be stimulated also with adreno-cortical hyperfunction, the decreased estrogen-inactivating action in hepatic disturbances, increased sensitivity of the local endometrium to estrogen, and the disappearance of antagonizing hormones.
5) Endometric polyps or growths after menopause were observed in 26.1% of the all cases. The size, location and histological components of the endometric growths and histological pictures of the surrounding endometrium and the ovaries were investigated.
6) The findings on 17 cases of endometrium after menopause with fluorescence microscope were compared with the morphological pictures. There seemed no distinctive parallel relation between the two. However, fluorescence in the atrophic type, as a rule, was strong than fluorescence in the endometrium with hyperplastic stimulation of sex-hormones. So fluorescence in the post-menopause endometrium tended to be strengthened with hyperplastic stimulation of sex-hormones.
7) The age, histories in menstruation and birth, clinical symptoms, chief complaint and complications of the cases with extremely proliferated post-menopause endometrium were investigated and compared with those of the cases with cancer of the uterine body.

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An autopsy case of 65-year-old man, who was admitted because of generalized jaundice, fever and myalgia, and then diagnosed as Weil's disease, was reported.
Autopsy revealed generalized jaundice, petechial hemorrhage due to hemorrhagic diathesis and enlagement of the liver accompanied by dissociation and necrobiosis of the hepatic cells.
Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae was demonstrated by silver impregnation (Levaditi's method) in the hepatic tissue.
Changes in the other organs were similar to those described in Weil's disease.

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To investigate the differentiation of pars anterior (principalies), pars intermedia and pars tuberalis of the hypophysis cerebri, the primordial pars anterior, removed from larvae of Bufo vulgaris fcrmosus in the early and the middle external gill stage, were grafted into normal larvae of the same animals in two different sites-the diencephalic ventricle and between lateroventral cutaneous ectoderm and mesoderm of the lateral plate. In the early external gill stage, the primordial pars anterior is attached to the protuberance of the optic chiasma, and in the middle external gill stage, it is found in the base of the diencephalon, extending from the posterior part of the protuberance of the optic chiasma to the anterior part of the infundibular wall. The primordium is perfectly independent of the mother ground.
1) When the primordium was grafted into the ventricle, the pars anterior, typical of the young larva, was differentiated from both grafts removed in the early and the middle gill stage. And the degree of the differentiation was higher in such grafts as were pressed out of the ventricle into the chondrocranial cavity or a cephalic subcutaneous part as the result of morphogenetic movement than in those which continuously remained in the ventricle.
The differentiation of parts, assumed to be the pars internedia and the pars tuberalis, could not be recognized.
2) In grafting into a lateroventral subcutaneous site, it was found that the primordium, removed in the early external gill stage, had not yet the potency of self-differentiation, and that the primordium could undergo differentiation of prospective significance for the first time in the middle external gill stage. Consequently, for the differentiation of the pars anterior, the contact with the brain for less than about 16 hours was assumed to be sufficient.
3) In the above experiments, from the graft removed in the middle external gill stage, such tissue as was assumed to be the pars tuberalis from its histological picture and morphology was differentiated in addition to the pars anterior. It is therefore considered that the pars tuberalis would acquire the potency of self-differeatiation next to the pars anterior, and that this would be dependent on the contact with the base of the diencephalon.
4) The differentiation of the pars intermedia could not be found the graft removed in either of the two stages regardless of the site of the grafting.

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In the first, Na²²Cl, Rb⁸⁶Cl and Cs¹³⁷Cl were subcutaneously given in a dose of 1μc/ 0. 1cc to male mice of dd strain weighing 2025g following right adrenalectomy and left adrenal enucleation (UAE) or bilateral adrenalectomy, and the excretions and distribution of each in the body was investigated and regenerating adrenal glands were histologically studied. Next, using rats weighing about 200g serum Na and K concentration following UEA and effects of various hormones upon it were investigated with the following results.
1) Within 1 week after UAE, Na²² excretion rate was in inverse relation with those of Rb⁸⁶ and Cs¹³⁷, but all returned to the, normal after 1 week. Within 1 week the concentrations of Rb⁸⁶ and Cs¹³⁷ in various organs were significantly increased but returned to normal after 2 weeks.
2) Histologically, regeneration of mouse adrenal gland observed at 4th day after UAE and regenerating cell was generally presented fascicular arrangement. Adrenal glands were restored to normal almost at 18th day after UAE, but zonal formation is not clear. At 35th day, its state is like to adrenal medullectomy.
3) Serum Na and K concentration were returned to normal within 12 weeks after UAE, and it was not related to zonal formation.
4) As to the influences of hormane administration to serum Na and K concentration, definit relation was not gained on adrenal corticoids and ACTH administration, administration of adrenalin and growth hormone produced no remarkable change, DOCA administration increased serum Na concentration.
From the results of present experiments, histological finding is not keep with the restoriction of mineral metabolism. There is a scope to criticized to so-called zonal theory, that is, early regenerating adrenal gland cells after UAE have mineral and gluco metabolism functions.

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With 129 mununcipal workers in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, the measurement of blood pressure was monthly carried out for 2 years, and changes in it were investigated with reference to findings of eye ground. Namely it was studied what sorts of fiindings of eye ground were correlated with what sorts of change in blood pressure, and what sorts of the findings of eye ground were obtained from whose blood pressure were judged as normal by casual measurement. The results were as follows : More than half of those above 50 years of age were found hypertensive, and especially in age group of 50-59 years, the frequency was highest. As to fundus lesion, the rate of abnormality increased after 50 years of age, and the rate was highest in age group of 50-59 years. Among those who were engaged in office works, hypertension and positive fiindings of eye ground tended to be encountered frequently. But in those with slight abnormal eye ground, blood pressure returned to the normal in many cases, whereas those with severe abnormality were apt to have persistent hypertension. Further, the course of change in blood pressure was mostly satisfactory in the former, and unsatisfactory in the latter. In general, the more remarkable was findings of eye ground and the higher was blood pressure at the first measurement, the more unsatisfactory was the course of change in blood pressure.

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Studies on growth at early adolescence in girls, with special reference to the, breast maturation, were presented. 483 girls aged 9 to 13, from a primary school in Mao, Ibaraki Prefecture, were examined three times at five months apart. The present paper is concerned with the developmental. stage of breast, which follow Reynolds & Wines (1948), shape and size of breast, age at menarche, growth of axillary hair, blood pressure and several anthropological measurements, including skinf old by Keys' spring caliper.
The findings obtained were summarized as follows :
The major factor, associated with the breast maturation were initial fat spurt as judged from the skinfold readings, time interval from the menarche and the chronological age in general. The, relationship between the developmental stage of breast and blood pressure increase were considered to have lesser significance than an association of the latter with the appearance of menarche.

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Change in Zn⁶⁵ uptake by Ehrlich ascite cancer cell produced by X-ray irradiation was investigaged, with the following results :
Anaerobic glycolysis by Ehrlich cancer cells was inhibited by 3000 and 6000γ irradiation both in 20 and 60 minute values, but Zn⁶⁵ uptake, though inhibited in 20 minute value, scarcely changed in 60 minute value. It was namely known that the inhibition of the latter is more transient than that of the former.
When anaerobic glycolysis of Ehrlich cancer cell was taken as the measure of the function, ZnCl₂at fiinal concentrations of 3 ×10^-4, 3 × 10^-7 did not display either preventive or accelerative action against irradiation.

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Zn⁶⁵ distribution in normal mice and those with Ehrlich cancer were compared, and further effect of X-ray radiation on this distribution was investigated with the following results :
1. Both in ascite cancer and subcutaneous tumor, Zn⁶⁵ uptake by the pancreas decreased while that by the liver increased.
2. In the early period (at 2 hours) after the irradiation of the whole body of the normal mouse with 200, 1000 and 5000 γ of X-ray, Zn⁶⁵ uptake by the pancreas decreased, and that by the liver increased. But these changes tended to be inversed with the lapse of time after X-irradiation.
3. When the whole body of the mouse with ascite cancer was irradiated with 200 and 1000γ, Zn⁶⁵ uptake was not so much diferent from that in non-irradiated controls.
4. At 3 7 days after the local irradiation of the site of subcutaneous tumor of the mouse with 1000 γ of X-ray, Zn⁶⁵ uptake by the liver and pancreas tended to return to the normal.

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In the previous papers, it was reported that Staphylococcus aureus K. 363 produced the substance which promoted the leucocytes migration, and the conditions for the assay of L. P. S. were described.
In the present paper, the culture conditions for the production of L. P. S. were investigated. There was no difference in L. P. S. between living or killed bacteria and culture filtrate of K. 363 in the Media No. 5.
The L. P. S. is heat-labile, not precipitated by heavy metal such as Zn, and dialysable through cellophan bag.
The role of L. P. S. in inflammation was discussed.

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The micro-determination of hydrogen sulfide accomplished by I. St. Lorant which utilized the transference of sulfur into methylene blue (MB) molecule in Caro's reaction, as well as a modification by Freudenberg and Münch, was found to have the upper limit of its range of determination at about 5μM of sulfide. By addition of excess sulfide, precipitates, which may be composed of sulfur compound, were formed without formation of MB. Better condition for the formation of MB was obtained by adjustment of the reagents. This phenomenon was elucidated stoichiometrically and a method for micro-somimicro determination of sulfide was described.
The standard analytical curve for electrophotometry obeyed the Beer's law only in the range of the sulfide amount as small as 1μM, beyond which it flew away to the right finally to reach a plateau at 40μM. The deviation of the standard analytical curve from the Beer's law was interpreted as the effect of association of MB molecules. Whereas the concentration-absorbancy curve prepared from aqueous solutions of MB (pure powder) declined continuously as an exponential curve does, the analytical curves prepared from standard sulfide solutions after Caro's synthesis showed on themselves a series of linear stretches, or a trough in some favorable conditions. Moreover, the evolution in time course of MB, as measured in absorbancy of the reaction mixture, also progressed stepwise in linear relationships. Mechanisms of these phenomena were discussed.

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1. Hydrogen sulfide produced by Proteus vulgaris in culture medium was determined in different time of culture and a comparative study was made between the growth phase of Proteus and the rate of formation of hydrogen sulfide per unit dry weight of bacteria. There were two maxima of production activity, the first maximum at the positive growth acceleration phase, the second maximum at the later stage of the negative growth acceleration phase or the early stage of the maximal stationary phase. The activity minimum fell in the exponential growth phase.
2. In experiments with use of Kligler's medium, it was observed that minimal H₂S was yielded by Proteus in aerobiosis, even when the medium was brought into anaerobic condition after the aerobiosis.
3. Hydrogen sulfide production from thiosulfate by Proteus was accelerated by addition of vitamin-free casamino acids in culture medium. This nutrient acted as promoting substance rather than sulfur source. The action was manifested after a lag of from 6 to 12 hours.

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Thiosulfate reduction system in Protems was separated into three components. The cell-free extract had been prepared by means of sonic disruption. Synthesis of the complete system consisting of particulate fraction, enzyme protein and dialysable factor reproduced thiosulfate reducing activity. The activating effect of the cofactor (s) on hydrogen sulfide formation appeared of ter a lag of incubation time from 6 to 12 hours under air. When sonic treatment had progressed to some extent, the hydrogen carrier associated with particulate structure was solubilized and transferred to the dialysable fraction. The cofactor was substituted by glutamate. It was assumed either that the latter functioned as hydrogen donor or that it gave rise to the cofactor. Aspartic acid played a role of hydrogen carrier, while it could not substitute the cofactor.

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With rats of Wistar strain, investigation was made on change in I¹³¹ uptake by the thyroid produced by local X-ray irradiation on it, and the following results were obtained :
1) I¹³¹ uptake by the thyroid (30 minute value) declined in both sexes in parallel with the dose of the irradiation. The decrease was significant when the dose was 1000 and 6000r.
2) Temporal change in the I¹³¹ uptake was followed for 2 hours after the irradiation and it was found that in a dose of 200 r no difference was observed from controls, but that in doses of 1000 and 6000r, the uptake showed significant decrease from control values. And the decrease was nearly in parallel with the dose of the irradiation.
3) Temporal change in the I¹³¹ uptake (30 minute value) during 24 hours after the irradiation varied according to the dosage.
4) Relatively long observation (2 hours to 7 days) of the I¹³¹ uptake (2 hours value) after the irradiation in doses of and 1000 and 6000r revealed that the uptake was inhibited in the early period, but that later it was conversely increased.

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By Micro-Kjeldahl method, the author performed quantitative determination of total nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen in conjunctival epithelium in the normal state, in trachoma, keratoconjunctivitis epidemica and conjunctivitis vernalis, and the results were stochastically assessed, Also for reference sake, the same determination was made with conjunctiva of the normal rabbit.
The bulbar conjunctiva and fornix in trachoma and keratoconjunctivitis epidemica had no significant difference in the values from those in normal case, but in conjunctivitis vernalis, the values were found to have tendency of increase over those for the normal.

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By Anthrone method, the author performed quantitative determination of total and free glycogen in conjunctival epithelium in the normal state, in trachoma, folliculosis conjunctivae, keratoconjunctivitis epidemica and conjunctivitis vernalis, and the results were stochastically assessed. In trachoma, both total and free glycogen were significantly greater in amount than in the normal conjunctiva.
Also in folliculosis conjunctivae, both tended to increase, but there was no significant difference between the values in trachoma and folliculosis conjunctivac. Further, these values were increased in keratoconjunctivitis epidemica and conjunctivitis vernalis.

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1. A new anaerobic baeterium, which produces an enzyme, specifically decomposing blood group B substance, was discovered in the soil, and was provisionally designated Clostridium maebashi. The optimal pH for this B-decomposing enzyme is 6.57.0, the optimal temperature, 3037°C, and it is destroyed mostly by heating at 50°C for 5 minutes, and perfectly by heating at 60°C for 5 minutes. It is found in the portion which precipitates at 4050% ammonium sulfate saturation of culture filtrate of the above-mentioned bacterium. The enzyme, when allowed to act upon blood group B substance, converts it into O (H) substance.
2. The B-decomposing enzyme from Cl, maebashi, A-decomposing enzyme from Cl. tertium, and O-decoposing enzyme from Bac. fulminans, specifically decompose not only respective group substances in the secretion but also those in red cells. And the B- and the A-decomposing enzyme, acting on B and A red cells, respectively, convert them into O blood cells. Further, these enzymes decompose blood group substances in bacteria, for examples, B substance in E. coli O₈₆, A substance from S. riogrande, FA substance from S. paratyphi B, and O (H) substance from S. worthington. However, O-decomposing enzyme from Bac, fulminans do not decompose a lower grade O (H) substance, that is, a heterophile human red cell antigen in Shigella dysenteriae.
3. The B-decomposing enzyme is inhibited in its action by such salts as ZnSO₄, Pb (NO₃) ₂ CuSO₄ and HgCl₂, and by such sugars as D-galactose, lactose, melibiose, and raffinose. The A-decomposing enzyme is inhibited in its action by such salts as HgCl₂ and CuSO₄, and by such sugars as N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactosamine. The O-decomposing enzyme is inhibited by such salts as HgCl₂ and CuSO₄, and by such sugar as L-fucose.
4. When the B-decomposing enzyme is allowed to act on each blood group substance, galactose is liberated from B substance, but no simple sugar is liberated from either A or O substance. When the A-decomposing enzyme is allowed to act on each blood group substance, galactose and N-acetylhexosamine are freed from all of them. When O-decomposing enzyme is allowed to act on O (H) substance, a large amount of fucose and a small amount of N-acetylhexosamine and of galactose are liberated. On the ground of inhibition of enzymic action, it can be considered that, out of sugars, liberated from blood group substances by the action of respective enzymes, the followings would play the role of the determinant of the blood group specific action : Of B specific action, galactose; of A specific action, N-acetylgalactosamine; and of O (H) specific action, foucose.

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The footprint angle was measured with 2500 males and females, aged 1545 years, who had neither pes adductus, nor pes abductus, nor pes platus, and the following results were obtained :
The walking footprint angle for males was 10.553°±5.485° for the right, and 9.41°±5.682° for the left, the right being greater than the left. That for females was 8.539°±5.080° for the right, and 7.241°±5.246° for the left, samely the right being greater. When males are compred with females, the former show greater values both on the right and left.
The running footprint angle for males was 11.709°±6.786° for the right, and 10.622°±6.4148° for the left, the right being greater. That for females was 9.8892°±7.787° for the right, and 8.6345°±7.4108° for the left, samely the right being greater. And the values for males were greater then those for females on both feet.
In comparison between the walking and running footprint angle, the latter was greater for both sexes and on both sides. Between the two, positive correlation of medium degree was observed, but not parallelism.
Between the footprint angles (doth walking and running) and leg torsion angle, which are assumed to be most intimately related, statistically significant positive correlation was observed, but not parallelism.
Between the footprint angles (both walking and runing) and the torsion angle of the neck of the femur, no remarkable and linear correlation could be recognized.

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The relation between the formation of flavin compounds and iron concentration in culture media was studied. And α, α'-dipyridyl, NaCN : inhibitor of the metabolism of iron containing enzymes, were also investigated. The following results were obtained.
1) Flavin compounds were produced parallel with the bacterial growth.
2) The production of flavin compounds were closely related to the amount of iron in culture media, and the high level of flavin compounds was obtained in the iron-deficient media.
3) Addition of α, α'-dipyridyl or cyanide promotes the formation of flavin compounds by C. dightheriae.
4) The flavin compounds contained in C. diphtheriae were FAD and FMN.
5) The flavin compounds contained in culture media after cultivation of C. diphthertae were FMN and free riboflavin.

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So many reports have been published on the contraction of muscle fiber, and the role of ATP upon the contraction of myosin fiber became to be known quite well. But the myosin fiber contracts under various conditions inclusive of the action of ATP. And the mechanism by which the shortening of myosin fiber or other contractile substances is evoked is not known yet in detail.
The authors in this work demonstrated the change of configuration and the movement of mercury particles as a model of muscle contraction or the movement of monocellular microorganism.
The experiment is as follows. Resting particles of mercury in K₂Cr₂O₇ solution began to move to and fro changeing into cubic or spindly shaped, when small amount of HNO₃ was poured into the K₂Cr₂O₇ solution. The reason is that the surface tention of mercury in K₂Cr₂O₇ solution is small and its shape flat and prolonged because the particles are coated with oxide membrane in K₂Cr₂O₇ solution alone, but when HNO₃ was added the surface membrane of mercury was destoryed and the surface tention becomes great, resulting in the contraction and the movement.

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Changes in behaviour in a group of schizophrenic patients are presented illustrating the result of an activity therapy project instituted in a chronic ward of a mental hospital.
Environmental factors which have influence on a menal state of the patients were investigated with special regard to intrastaff relationship, staffp-atient interaction and active patient participation. In most cases behavioral changes could be ascribed to some effect of these factors and the improvement in a clinical picture was best understood as the cumulative effect of advantageous factors.
It was exemplified in some cases, that the same environmental factor may produce different result, disturbing or promoting, according to the mental state of a patient and the milieu in which he lives. (Author's abstract).

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Pitressin, Atonin-O, Bosmin and Nor-Abrenalin infused into the lateral ventricle of the dogs stimulated remarkably secretion of gastric juice from Heidenhain's gastric pouch. The secretion began 3 hours later and lasted over 3 hours, delivering pepsin rich gastric juice. The secretory curve has a strong resemblance to those obaind by administration of ACTH-depot. The secretory response was inhibited by hypophysectomized or stalk-sectioned dogs. These findings might indicate that the intraventricular infusion sitmulates the release of ACTH responsible for the gastric secretion. No gastric secretory response was aroused when the above mentioned substances were injected intravenously or into subarachnoidal spaces. Accordingly, it was suggested that the stimulants brought into the lateral ventricle might be transported from the third ventricle to the adenohypophysis through pituitary portal vessels, resulting in ACTH-release.
The ACTH-releasing factor contained in Pitressin or Atonin-O proved to be a peptid othet than vasopressin or oxytocin. Bosmin or Nor-Adrenalin probably involved in the release or activation of this peptid.

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Hydropic degeneration of the cells of parenchymal organs such as liver and heart is known to result from administration of a large dosis of hydrocortisone. Investigations were made as to how the effects of adrenal cortical hormons upon the hepatic cells were influenced by simultaenious application of glucuronic acid preparation. ACTH and hydrocortisone were given to guinea pigs for prolonged period. In early days of the experiment, the liver revealed an excess accumulation of glycogen, which tended to diminish in amount toward 2 weeks parallelling to the increase in severity of degeneration of the hepatic cells, such as cloudy swelling, vacuolation and fatty change associated with focal necrosis. The degenerative changes in the liver were maximam toward 3 weeks after the commencement of the treatment, and was not inhibited, but rather enhanced by the simultanious administration of glucuronic acid preparation. It seems likly that the injurious effects of adrenal cortical hormons upon the hepatic cells is not improved, but at least strengthened by the administration of glucuronic acid preparation.

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Histopathologic studies were made on the serial changes of the liver induced by acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Microscopically, a characteristic centrolobular hepatic necrosis was established after 24 hours, which was dissolved and removed associating with proliferation of undamaged sinu-soidal cells and monocytic elements and was completely restored through replacement by newly formed liver cells toward the seventh day of experiment.
A remarkable delay in healing process of the hepatic lesion and increased susceptibility of the body to bacterial infection were noticed in animals receiving repeated daily dosis of Hydrocortisone. Mitotic activity of the hepatic cells and mesenchymal cell reaction appeared to be depressed in intensity. In some animals a wide zone of necrosis was seen persisting around central vein without a microscopic evidence of repair even after 10 days.
Metabolic manifestations of the hormon, such as periportal fatty changes of the liver, involutionary effect upon the thymus and lymphatic tissue and atrophy of the adrenals were not remarkably influenced by simultaneous administration of glucuronic acid preparation, but retarded repair of hepatic necrosis and occasional inflammatory changes and abscess formation in the liver, heart and lungs were distinctly inhibited.

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It is well known that accessory thyroid bodies in the human body can frequently be observed, in the course of development, between foramen caecum linguae and the isthmus or the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid, that is, in the thyro-glossal duct. This suggests that under a certain condition, thyroid tissue will differentiate from entodermal material comprising the thyro-glossal duct, and it can be presumed that this duct has prospective potency to differentiate the thyroid tissue. In Bufo vulgaris formosus in the latter neurula stage, presumtive material of primordial thyroid gland is found in the foregut underlying the protuberance of the primordial sucker-organ, and is surrounded by the entdermal material, which makes up the thyro-glossal duct, on both external and cephalic side. Now the entodrmal area was removed in such a way as to leave about half of the presumptive material of primordial thyroid, participating in the formation of the thyroglossal duct, to test for the developmental potency of the remaining part. As controls, larvae of total ablation and intact ones were used.
It was found that in the control group of total ablation, metamorphosis was perfectly inhibited, while in the group of partial ablation it took place though remarkably delayed as compared with the normal control. Microscopical observation of the experimental group revealed that the thyroid tissue was formed heterotopically in different amounts according to the individual larva, but that all showed some deficiency as compared with the normal thyroid. It was thus clarified that material of the thyro-glossal duct possesses the potency to regulate thyroid formation in the case of partial ablation of the primordial thyroid. The thyroid tissue was situated in all the experimental cases between the root of the tongue and pericardium, but did not show lobulation, being composed of only one lobe. The mesenchymal capsule was richly vasculated, and the epithelial cells scarcely different from those of the normal thyroid, but follicle formation was imperfect in many cases. In the follicular space was observed a large amount of colloid with secrete granules. The other abnormalities were detarded formation of the tongue, and the formation of ectodermal epithelial cystes in area adjacent to the thyroid tissue.

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The gastric erosion was produced in guinea pigs by the injection of diphtheria toxin and the erosion became worse by the administration of hydrocortisone, and was remadkably improved by that of glucuronic acid preparation. Similar investigations were carried out on guinea pigs subjected to bilaterale enucleation of the adreals. Lesions in the gastric mucosa induced by diphtheria toxin were found to be far less severe than those of animals with the adrenals. Administration of a large dose of hydrocortisone prior to injection of the toxin enhanced the formation of gastric erosion even in the absence of the adrenals. If in this case glucuronic acid preparation was given in addition, the erosion was distinctly improved. The result seems to indicate the inhibiting effects of glucuronic acid for the activity of hydrocortisone.

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