Pregnant, non-pregnant, and puerperal women, 201 cases in total, were investigated for serum protein fraction and Shichijo's serum reaction, with the following result :
1) In pregnant woman, total serum protein was decreased ; Serum albumin fraction decreased, and α₁-, α₂-, and β-globulin increased from month to month, and γ-globulin showed slight tendency of decrease.
Shichijo's serum reaction (sero-xero-gel figure) for pregnant women was positive from month to month. The type of this reaction was in inverse reaction with albumin and total serum protein, and correlated withα₁-, α₂-, β-globulin.
2) In general, women of abnormal pregnancies, such as vomiting, imminent abortion, nephropathia gravidarum, etc. showed accentuated serum reaction. Women who had vomiting and imminent abortion in the early pregnancy tend to suffer, in later pregnancy, from nephropathia gravidarum.
3) Serum protein in puerperal women recovered with the lapse of puerperal days, and γ-globulin was the promptest in recovery.

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Serum protein was compared between 20 foetuses and their respetive mothers. : 1) Between serum protein of foetuses and their respective mothers, some communication can be assumed. 2) Serum protein in the foetus had low proportion in early pregnancy. As for the per cents of the protein fraction, it was characteristic that albumin was high in the beginning. With the advance of pregnancy, the value of each fraction gradually approached that of the nolmal adult. It was assumed that thegrowth of the foetus had a close relation with the rise of γ-globulin. 3) In later ptegnancy, the Shichijo's serum reaction (sro-xelogel figure) tended to be negative more in the foetuses than in their mothers.

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Fundamental Studies on skinfold were carried out with 162 girls of the third year of middle school.
It was pointed out that skinfold values, obtained with three calipers of different mechanisms, showed considerable fluctuation owing to difference in pressure by the calipers on skinfold, and in elasticity of skinfold.
Skinfold values, determined with the three calipers, all showed medium to high correlation (γ=0.60.8) with such body indices as the proportional weight, Pelidici's, Rorer's, Kaup's, especially close correlation with the Kaup's index. It was consquently assumed that skinfold would have significance for the determination of health and nutrition.

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1) Hookworm eggs in 3 g of normal feces showed nearly random distribution. But after a definite amount of feces solution was repeatedly obtianed by The Stoll's method, the number of the eggs in it came to show nearly Poisson distribution. 2) It is consequently possible to estimate the number of eggs per gram (E. P. G.) by counting the number of the eggs contained in any definite amount of feces solution obtained by the Stoll's method.

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To investigate the effect of potassium iodide and methylthiouracil on autolysis of thyroid protein, these were added to I¹³¹-labelled thyroid homogenate and kept at 35°C about one day for autolysis. The results obtained were as follows :
1. Potassium iodide inhibited the autolysis.
2. Methylthiouracil accelerated the autolysis.

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To investigate the effect of shaking on the liberation of iodine containing amino acid from thyroid tissue, I¹³³-labelled rat thyroid homogenate was incubated in incubation medium at 37.5°C about one hour with or without shaking, and then this mixture was investrgated by paperchromatography. The results obtained were as follows :
Liberated form of I¹³¹-labelled amino acid both in the thyroid homogenate and in the incubation medium were apparently increased by shaking.

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Serum protein analysis of 40 cases on pulmonary tuberculosis, by paper electro-phoresis and non-specific serum coloid reactions, such as cadmium, Gros, Takata and Weltmann reaction, were carried out.
The results obtained were as follows :
1) Increase in percentage of α-α₂-and γ-globulin to total protein and decrease of albumin were observed in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. These changes, except of β-globulin, were proportional to the stage of the disease.
2) Much increase of γ-globulin ware absened in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, but a few in mininal and mederately advanced.
3) Increase of α-globulin occurred as the disease tends to exudative type.
4) The changes of fraction of serum protein were compared with changes of non-specific serum coloid reaction (cadmium, Gros, Takata and Weltmann Reation); and the positivity rate of these reactions were related proportionaly to the percentage of serum albumin and γ-globulin mainly.

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This is a report on 2 cases of Periarteriitis nodosa with psychoneurological symptoms. One of them developed epileptic paroxysm, and the other amentia-like mental disturbance.
This disease can be induced by psychial factors, and the development of psychoneurological symptoms is not confined to the later stage of the disease.
This disease is frequently encountered in psychoneurological field, and the diagnosis can be made without so much difficulty by synthetic consideration of various somatic symptoms.
The prognosis is not so bad as generally believed.

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After the tystemic administration (in jection into vena retroauricularis) of protease (trypsin or pepsin), dentine exhibited enhanced calcification, both growth and formation rate being increased. In this case pH of blood rather tended to be alkaline, which was considered to be the cause of enhanced calcification. Further, at that time, serum Ca decreased, which was assumed to be a secondary phenomenon resulting from the enhanced calcification.

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Glucose tolerance curve (G. T. C.) for adult male rats was investigated after adrenal enucleation (AE) followed by intravenous injection of glucose, with the following results :
After bilateral AE, blood sugar value in fasting time was generally lower than the preoperative level until after 4 weeks, but later it tended to rise, and G. T. C. at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks showed similar forms and features to those after adrenalectomy, and later tended to return gradually to the normal. Continuous observations of G. T. C. for the same animals at 1, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 aud 20 weeks after bilateral AE revealed that with some exceptions it gradually returned to the normal between 8 and 20 weeks. G. T. C. at 10 weeks after right adrenalectomy plus left AE was similar to that after bilateral AE.
From the above results, it was assumed that 8-20 weeks would be necessary for rhe recovery of abrenal cortical function after AE.

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An autopsy case of the lung cancer in a 54 years-old woman was reported. The primary tumor of the lung was a minute scar cancer arose from a peculiar scar tissue. Concerning with the scar formation it may be considered to be a chronic inflammation with increased elastic fibers in the lung. The metastases were observed on the osseous and the nervous system extensively. Especially on the right ilium a large cyst caused by the breaking of the bone tissue was noticed.

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It is known that there is difference in thermostability between various kinds of bacteria. In the present experiments, the thermostability of pertussal immune serum was investigated, because only few reports are known on this point.
1) The O agglutinin was more thermolabile than the K agglutinin; the former was rapidly destroyed by heating at 73°C, while the latter was ret destroyed at temperatures lower than 80°C.
2) The antitoxin was easily destroyed by heating at 73°.
3) The protective antigen, produced by passive immunization, was scarcely affected by heating at 73°C. This factor seems to be different from the antitoxin. The elucidation of this factor must awaite future researches by means of the factor serum and others.

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1) An autopsy case of a 49-year-old japanese male, who was doubted brain tumor clinicary, was reported. At autpsy, the neoplasm was found in left cerebellar hemisphere, extending from cerebellar cortex to white matter. Itwas 2×2×3.5cm. in size, hemorragic and solitary one.
2) The microscopic picture was characterized by innumerable small and lage vascular spaces surrounded by pleomorphic reticularcells of irregular in shape containing numerous fatdroplets, corresponding with that described as Linbau's Tumor.
3) There was no familiar appearance and cystic or angioblastic lesions was not demonstrated in other organs.

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Specific somatic antigen of many Gram-nagative bacteria have been studied and presumed as endotoxin which revealed their virulence. However, a toxic substance other than endotoxin was found by the auther in culture fluid of S. entcritidis.
S.entcritidis was cultured in a semi-synthetic fluid medium containning casamino acids and yeast extract. The toxic substance was precipitated by treatment of zinc salt and eluted by phosphate solution. The material was concentrated by ammonium sulfate and dialyzed.
The crude extract these obtaimed was fractionaetd by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation. Toxicity of each of tchse fractions was determined by injecting them to mice. It was observed that A fraction precipitated by ammonium sulfate of 15% saturation was most toxic to mice (MLD : 40) and that the toxic effect was rendered markedly by standing at 100°C. These facts suggest that the toxin may differ from endotoxin of S. enteritidis.

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A heat-labile toxic substance has been extracted and purified by the author from culture fluid of S. entcritidis
Chemical and immunological characters of the toxin was compared with those of endotoxin. Lower content of methylpentose and higher of protein were observed in this toxin as compared with endotoxin. An unique pattern in electophpresis was showed by this toxin.
However, precipitin band in agar containning antiserum showed that there is partially common antigen between this toxin and endotoxin. Structural relation between both toxins was discussed.

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An autopsy case of congenital bilateral diaphragmatic hernia was reported. The hernial sac contained the liver. Patial defect of the pericardium, patenting foramen ovale, and abnormal lobation of the left lung were noticed. The patient died 3 days after her birch, caused by atelectasis of the lungs resulted from backward projection of the sac.

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Mice immunized with living microorganisms gain a steadfast resistance against further infection of S. enteritidis. Immunization with killed microorganisms are also effective. However, it has been presumed that immune mechanism of both vaccine should differ essentially. The resistance of mice immunized with living and killed vaccines were compared observing supressing ability of mice against infected microorganisms.
Mice were immunized with living attenuated strain SER and subsequently with virulent strain116-54. Another group was immnnized with killed microorganisms (chrome alum vaccine). These two groups and non-immune controls were infected with virulent strain of S. enteritidis. For the purpose of differentitation of immune and challenge strains, a streptomycine-resistant mutant of virulent S. enteritidis was used for the challenge.
In the organs of mice immunized with killed bacteria, as well as non-immune controls, gradual multiplication of challenged strain was observed. On the other hand, in the group immunized with living vaccine, the challenged bacteria in liver and spleen decreased slowly and disappared at about one month.

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In 20 autopsy cases of apoplectic cerebral hemorrhage, the cerebral vascular lesions were investigated morphologically. 1) In 18 of them was found the so-called angionecrosis, which closely resembled, histologically and histochemically, the experimental fibrinoid degeneration in arterial walls of rabbits (in Arthus phenomenon), dogs (by bilateral nephrectomy), rats (by DOCA administration) and rabbits (by Goldblatt's procedure). Because fibrinoid substance of the angionecrotic lesions inhibits transintimal perfusion, the vascular walls underwent histolysis, resulting in rupture. 2) In apoplectic cerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhage by rupture owing to fibrinoid degeneration (angionecrosis) of medium-sized (150360μ in diameter) and small-sized (50150μ) arteries played a decisive role. Fibrinoid degeneration of minute vessels (arterioles in diameter less than 50μ and capillaries) occurred, in most cases, secondarily as a result of massive hemorrhage. 3) Almost in all the medium-sized arteries in which fibrinoid degeneration (angionecrosis) developed, preceded old arteriosclerotic changes as well as fresh arteriosclerotic changes such as the intimal edema (blood plasma infiltration) were observed. This was also the case with some of the small-sized arteries with angionecrosis. 4) Angionecrosis may be understood as acute and severe development of arteriosclerosis or its acute exacerbation. 5) Fibrinoid substance of angionecrosis (fibrinoid degeneration), which is the direct cause of apoplectic cerebral hemorrhage is derived from the permeation of blood plasma and fibrin into arterial walls as the result of abnormal or increased vascular permeability due to various causes. As such causes can de considered a) direct action of hypertension, b) disturbed nourishment (hypoxidosis) of arterial walls due to decreased transintimal perfusion caused by hypertension, arteriosclerosis, vascular spasms and vascular aging, and c) change in nature of blood and tissue fluid due to failure of renal function and others.

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1. Linear regression was observed within a definite range between glucose basal uptake and insulin effect investigated by the rat diaphragm method.
2. By changing glucose and insulin concentration in the incubation medium, alteration in various factors related with this regression line was sought. It was found that the regression line turned with one end fixed at the constant MBUcal value - the theoretical maximum basal uptake shown by hemidiaphragm - when glucose concentration was varied, and at the point of the constant MIEcal value - the theoretical maximum insulin effect shown by hemidiaphragm - when insulin concentration was varied.
3. An attempt was made to take, as the metameter for insulin determination, the absolute value of the regression coefficient of the relation between the basal uptake and the insulin effect. As the results, the following values were obtained concerning a regression line expressing relation between the logarithm of insulin concentration and absolute value of the regression coefficient : s=0.212, b=+1.345, λ= 0.158.
4. Change in glucose uptake, produced by change in the composition of diet, occurred along the regression line between the basal uptake and the insulin effect. Fluctuations in the measured values due to errors in prepearing the diaphragm sample and in determining glucose level was irrelevant of the regression line.
5. A few points were discussed concerning the action mechanism and biological evidence of various factors affecting correlation between the basal uptake and insulin effect.

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Among the killed vaccines tested, the chrome-alum vaccine was most efficient in immune effect. The best immune conditions of experimental animals were obtained by the intraperitoneally twice treatments with each 2.8mg (dry weight) chrome-alum vaccine. But the immune effect of killed vaccine varied by the combination of the routes of treatment and challenge. And the most effective immunization was obtained by the combination of intraperitoneal treatment of killed vaccine and intraperitoneal challenge of the virulent S. enteritidis. This fact suggested the existence of local defence mechanisms in the abdominal cavity caused by the intraperitoneal immunization.
And the defence mechanisms of animals and the local defenec role in infection were discussed.

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The mechanism through which narcotics of various kind act on the nerve ov nerve fibers is yet not elucidated. Some authors assumed that the narcotics caused the fixation of nerve membrane but others inversely. The authoress atempted to measure the potential difference between the normal and narcotized part of the nerve to inquire into the mechanism of narcotic action. Because the potential change of narcotized part, if occurs, would enable to assume the mechanism of narcotic action, as Manaka's report of model experiment on narcotic action indicated.
The experimental material was the N. ischiadicus of the bull-frog with muscles of lower leg. The narcotics were applied on the nerve at the part apart 1 cm from the leg and the effect of narcotics was tested by the movement of leg when the nerve was stimulated at the part near the central end. Potential difference between the narcotized and normal part was measured when the conduction was brocken and after the recovery from the narcotic action.
(1) By narcotizing by urethan, aqua ammoniac and MgCl solution the narcotized part became positive than the normal part (15 mV).
(2) By narcotizing by alcohol the applied part became somewhat negarive but in some occasion a little positive.
(3) By application of hydrochloric procain and ether the narcotized part became negative (13mV).
By discussion of the results above obtained the authoress assumed the mechanism of narcotic action that urethan, aqua ammoniac and MgCl cause the fixation of the excitable membrane of the nerve fiber, alcohol increase the resistance against action current or decrease of the amplitude of action potential evoked at the applied part and hydrochloric procain, ether cause continuous excitation or increase the permeability of the part bringing the inconductivity of the part.

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It is possible that the respiratory poisons, especially cyanides, give some cluesto the elucidation of the “oxygen effect”, which has been investigated in relation to the chemical protecting mechanism against X-ray irradiation. Some of the SH-compouncds, on the other hand, are known to show the protecting effect, of which, however, it is not known whether their reducing power is the only explanation for it.
In these contexts, rates of the anaerobic glycolysis, which is known as one of the most sensitive metabolic activity to X-ray irradiation, of the Yoshida sarcoma cells were measured after their incubation under the following 3 sets of conditions, where the expelimental groups were irradiated, each control expeliment without irradiation being run at the same time. 1. In 0%, 20% and 100% oxygen, respectively. 2. with cystein, 6.7 × 10^-2M. 3. with NaCN, 1.63 × 10^-3M. The activities were measured after incubation by the routine Warburg's technique, with the following results :
Anaerobic incubation, in itself, had no effect on the glycolytic activity. It lowered, however, the inhibiting action of X-ray by 15% compared with the aerobically incubated cells, thus showing a protecting effect. Incubation with 100% O₂ had no effect. It seems that unphysiologically high O₂ pressure obscures the oxygen effect.
Cystein and NaCN were similar each other in stimulating the glycolytic activity. They showed, however, contrasting results when the cells were irradiated. The former increased X-ray inhibition by 39% (sensitivization), the cyanide, on the other hand, depressed it by 27% (Protection). The anoxic condition, which might be brought about by these compounds, must be different from the true anoxia in anaerobiosis. Their effects arc to be interpreted in the other terms of the radio-and biochemistry.

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